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Eo B G Duley ove Des: E F. Wals Jr Typeseg B G Dudley Ts aeal apee a eler veso w Dav McKay opy 8
Pr
s book has been adapted om "King Power in Chess, s published y David McKay Compy in 8 cKay has allowed that tha t book o go ou of pin and his has enabled me to esen te maerial in a way ta is muc moe accessie to te eader "King Powe in Chess aimed to to cove cove he enie enie eld of Kng Kng "aciv "aciviy iy " - across across e openng, middegame, and endgame s ed to a ater massive eatise, wc, moeove did no have a uniing whoe Fo insce, as is obvious, wha is impotant edin in ehavio in te oenin es ie eaion o he chaceisics of endge pay The objecive of "The King in he Endgame is to help the suden scoe more poins by showing ow to se te King as iheent pat of successl endgame play Topics coveed include: activating the King bot fo wiin d drawng, echnical King movemens (opposiion, triguation) d impotan activities such as pepaing action, gaining ime and weaving mating nets A complete ising apeas in Contents To make he book eie o use, wo major tecnical improvemens have been made: noation has been changed to agebrac and diagrams are used for a stting positions am appy ta this impoved vesion is pbised by Bob Dudley's Chess Enterprises This is my sevenh book for hs ne pubisng
3
To ensue h he ede d he uho e on he se
To ensue h he ede d he uho e on he se wveengh egding he meing of he queson d excmon mks s hey e used n he chcezion of moves, hese e he eseny cceed mengs song move vey song move; fsic move ? move d move; wek move ?? hore move; move; unde ? enersing move; move wohy of consideion ? duious move, fo heoec o cc esons New Yok Edm Medns
o
Preface
3
The King In The Endgame
7
Chapte : The Helpless King Section King Cut O from Specic Field of Action Section 2 King Generally Imprisoned
8 8 4
Chapte 2 The Active King Wins Wins Section King & Pawn Endgames Section 2 Mino Piece Endgames Section 3 Rook Endgames Section 4 Qeen Endgames Section Mixed Endgames
20 20 25 34 3 44
Chapte 3 The Active King Achieves a Draw 52 Chapte 4 King Activity for the Defense
58
Chapter 5 The Kng as a Generally Useful Piece
3
Chapter Tecnical King Movements Section Opposition Section 2 Tiangulation
8 8 74
Chapter 7 Various Important Activities Section reventing Threats Section Marking Time Section 3 Gaining Time Section reparing Action Action Section 5 Weaving Mating Nets
7 7 83 8 0 3
Chapter 8 Coect/Incorrect King Moves
THE KG I THE ENDGAME It s s n the endgae endgae tha thatt the Kng s s Kng Kng f necessty necess ty sheltered sheltered throgh the openng and ddlege n the endge the Kg ecoes a vale pot ghtng pece. pe ce. Mkhal Tal Tal has ngngly sggested that the vale of actve Kng n the endge s "three ponts" e eqvent to a Bshop or Knght. Jst as the dvdng ne eteen the openng and ddlegae s not sharp so too the ston o the ddlegae to the endge s oen led led For endgae to have have ar ar sen to y y nd the the followng two thngs st est ( 1) Soe echanges of ateral st have taken pace d () The portt chacterstcs of ddege ddege play sch sch as the the poce poc e of of speror pece coord coord naton nor attackg prospects aganst the eney Kng st be abent Note that the ere asence of Qeens however s never enogh to to ndcate the the st st of an endge endge onversely Qeen d pawn endgaes e n porta portant nt p of o f the genre. genre. f a large large ner of peces have een echanged nd the Kngs look safe then yo c feel condent that yore n an endge The asc o oj ectve of the endge s to een a pawn. Ths ch of the acton revoves arod creaton of passed pawns) and the attept attept to to ansf ansfor or the passed pa nto nto a new Qeen. Qeen. The Kng s of ajor poance oth as n attacker and defender n these operatons
7
CHAPTER
The Hepe King Becaue, by deiio e occuece o ede eque ha a conideable oun o aei h le he bod, e reaii ocepi ocepiece ece d paicree i ipoce ipo ce Thereore, Thereore, i ollo loicaly ha he ake on a inicy ceed ole The The ide ih ih a i i uable uable o paicipa paicipae e y i de de a ve eiou hdicap.
King Cut Off om pecic Field of Action
SCI
1.
Middee poiion uually ue relavey broad poible cene o acio in he ede he uil ea o pay i uch oe localized. I he can o o e o hi hi e he ulia uliae e eul eul o he he e ay ay be decide decided d ie i e a poe poe ia ialy ly dra dra poiio lo o a avoabe poiion poiion only dan The o ipoa cee o acion i he a aep ep a queei queei a pa. pa. I he deeder deeder n n i i cu cu o o o hi hi area area e lo lo i ao ao evia eviable ble A clic exple i J. Bedk E Geer, Sieen Oypiad 1970 aer Black h ove
8
ie i a pan up, bu Black' acve Rook appe o be ucien compaon e noe ha Black Black n i cu o om rin o e nide. Thi enable enable ie o ach ach eve a orced in n n i i 25 ! e 2 R1 Snce Black' n c' help ou, he Rook mu back. npla nplaya yable ble or or he no no i e6, a 7 7 Rb6 bo bo op op d in in e ePan hie in no en he ay hoever d i Black' n eec eecve vely ly abe aben n,, he uneq uneq h or promo promoio ion n o e ePan ePan mu end end n ie' ie' avor. avor. 27 ! R + 2 g 5 29 2 9 e Re1 Re 1 3 Re3 31 3 1 32 32 g g R+ R+ 33 g7 g7 Re3 Re3 3 R+ 35 e c 3 Rd+ c7 c7 37 Rd7+ c 3 Rh7 Rc3 39 e7 Rc2 Re2 1 e Q+ Bck reign
The nd or e deenn n o conol he queenn que i cle, d hould ee a a uidn beacon n poion here a choice o move i poible. onider nex he ooin ooin poiion L. Poluaevky V . orchnoi, orchnoi, 1 977 97 7 dida di dae e Mac Mach, h, Ge 6, aer aer hie' 3rd move.
Black i a pa up, d i i ey o enviion e' bPan d Black' Blac k' Pan Pan bein bein lo. lo . T ill leave leav e Black' d-Pan d-Pan a he ony pan remn, d e queion ill be heher hie (ih
e necess ssistce of te King) c stop it Blacks next is saigtforwd 43 Kc5 Wite Wite sould sould now now play play te obvious obvious 44 Kx Kx nd nd aer aer 44 . . Rx Rx 4 Ra8 Ra8 to t o keep keep te te Rook Rook ac active ive He cn cn ten ten old te p sition aer eer 4 Kd4+ 46 Kf4 Rb l (46 . Re 47 Ra4+! Kd3 48 R Kc4 49 Ra6!) 47 Ra4+ Kd3 48 Ra3+ Kc4 49 Ke3 or aer 4 Rb4 46 Ra+! Kb6 47 Ra8! Rd4 48 Ke6 4 Rc8+?? So of time Wite comts a orrible tougtless blunder 44 KxbS 45 Kx Re3! Te move Wte ad overlooked wen e indulged in s " automa automac c"" cec c eck k tes Kg now is nd remns remns cut o om om te Black pawns queening mc wit te position becomig a roue teoretica wn. 46 K Re 47 Rd8 Kc5 48 Rc8+ Kd4 9 K d5 SO K ReS! 51 R8 R8 Kc3 Kc3 52 RJ+ RJ+ Kb4 5 3 Rt R t d4 54 5 4 R R d3 SS S S Rc8 Rc8 d2 56 5 6 Rb8+ Rb8+ Kc3 57 Rc8+ Kd3 58 Rd8+ Kc2 59 Rc8+ Kd 1 ie reign. Bla Bl ack as obtaed te "Lucena postion" postion" own as a wn wn snce snce te te end end of te te 1 t ce cen ntury tury Te Te proof: proof: ( 1 ) 60 Rc7 R R + 6 1 Kg2 Ke2 Ke2 62 Re7+ Kd3 63 Rd7+ Ke3 64 Re7+ Kd4 6 Rd7+ Rd and (2) 60 Rd8 Re2+ Re2+ 6 1 Kfl Kfl (6 1 K Ke1 Ke1 ) 6 1 . . Rel + 62 K K Kc2. Kc2. n K nd endings the need for e Kg to cono te enemy pas pa s queenng squ sque e is is of course absolute absolut e Disaster owever c sike in vious fos. fos. First consider consider te position position A. Lein Lein Biyias ew ork Inteational 1977 aer Backs 37t move sown on te next page. te is a pan up te activty of Blacks Rook d te weness of Wites gawn mes tat tere is no wn
0
38 Kg3 Rc3+ te has nothg better than to acquiesce to 39 g2 Rc4 40 g3 etc with a draw as e passive 39 h2 Rc4 40 Rg2 gives no wig chces d Black can choose either 40 . a5 or 40 . g7. Yet White "decides" to commit suicide: 39 R?? With the point that aer 39 .. Rx?? 40 Kx Wtes ing is close enough to the Queenside to stop Backs pawns thereby givng te a won endg endge e With s unexpected unexpected (by White reply Black wins a key tempo and completely s e tabes. 39 5! Aer 40 Rxc3 bxc3 the c-Pawn queens and if White ies to get out of e pn with 40 he is one move too late aer 40 . . Rx+ 4 x x a4 42 e2 e2 b3 43 axb3 axb3 ! 0 h6 Whe resigns Aer 4 h7 Rx 42 x g7 Blacks ng ng is cose enoug enough h to the scene of action but Whtes g isnt
n e previous exple Whtes ng was simply itetcally too f away om om the Queens Queenside. ide. Oen the the Kng Kng seems to be close clo se enough yet use of appropate interference prevents it om reaching hs goal goal is is what what happens to the pay arising arising om A Pomar Cua Olot 1974 aer Blacks 62nd move.
Playg te e Spnish GM has obtaed only a materly even endge agst hs unhera unherald lde e opponent The endge oers notg but equaty d the best way to mntan te staus quo is wth 63 Kd4 Ke6 64 Kc4 Kd6 65 65 Kd4 Kd 4 K 66 Kc4. Kc4. ut Pom uind uind of potential dnger dnger tks oy of o f g 63 Kd6??
and alows lack a chacteristic wnig behrou w
63 4!! 64 Kd5
The dger has been perceived but the King wont be able to get back i tie. Altatey Altatey 64 6 4 gxf4 gxf4 h4 wil give giv e ack ack a g passed hPa d ae 64 exf4 exf4 h4! 65 gxf4 gxf4 g3! 66 g3 e3 te e-Pawn c't be caught 64 h4! 65 Kxe4 Kxe4 ! !
The key ntefeence move preventg Whte's King om getg to ae 65 . h3?? 66 6 6 gxh3 gxh3 gxh3 gxh3 67 K. 66 g h3 Whie esigns
Thee e e of course my my oter types of acon cu lly importnt for practica play s the type shown in the poston on the the next page P Ostee Osteeyer yer J Dueball Mnhe 1975 er acks 53d move. Such endgmes e generally won fo te songer side povided that hi Kig ca ait i the aace aace of hi Thi s prin prin ciple shoud shoud see as the bass fo fo Whtes Whte s decsons. decson s. pa Thi ecause it doesnt Wte doesnt win:
2
54 Kg2? Kg2?!! A seious seious though not fa fatal tal misstep misstep Coect i s 5 4 £ £ with with the usu obective of using the King to assist the pawns to advnce. Blac Black k has two two def defens enses neithe su sucien cientt ( ) 54 b3 55 Kf4! Rc4 56 Ke3 Rc3 Rc3 5 Ke Ke4 Kf Kf6 (5 Rc4 58 Kd3 Rf4 59 Ke3) 58 f4 Rc4 59 Ke3 Rc3 60 Kd4 Rg3 6 Rb6 Ke 62 g5 followed ollow ed by Ke4 Ke 4 Kf5 Kf5 etc Slowly nd n d surey surey White keeps moving fow owad ad And (2) (2) 54 Rc4 Rc4 5 5 Rb6 Rb6 Kg Kg (5 (5 5 . . Kg5 5 6 f4 Rf4 Rf4 5 Rb5 Rb5 wins wins the Rook) 56 5 6 f4 f4 followed followed by g 5 f5 f5 etc etc . With With the King on the thid nk the pawns c advance by themseves since a R is easily met by Kg4 54 b3 55 4?? Bu t ae this thee thee is no win since Whites Kng emains emains cut cut of of t was stil not too late fo bidge building with £ Kg3 etc White has lost some time but Black cnt do nything of substnce with it. 55 K6! Sely not 55 . Rc2 56 K£ nd the King gets out 56 Rb6+ K 57 g5 Kg7 58 5 Acquiescing Acquiesc ing to an iediate iediate d daw. aw. With Whites King King elegat elegated ed to the second nk thee is no way to mke pogess 58 Rc5! Now thee is no way to potect the ovey advnced pawns 59 Rb7+ Kg8 60 Rb8+ draw
1
2 Kg Genery Imprisoned
SC 2 Kg Genery Imprisoned ee e two poblems wit a ng wo is so contaned tat it must be consideed to be impisoned Fst, it is of no oesive elp d except fo e few sqes sqes immei immeiate ately ly ound ound it, also also of no defensive defensive vue Secondly Secondly d pticully pticully in posions contan contan g one o moe majo pieces e King c be eadily vulerable to a mag aack
absolutely opeless posion fo pacticl purposes is te abov abovee posio posion n om om L. Smk Smkov ovic ic - A Sol Sols s 1 978 US Cp Cpi i onsip ae ites 33d move Not only is lack a pan do but s King d isop e contained contained on e st st nk nk Wites Wit es immedate reat is 34 d6 so lack plays 33 Rb7 Rd8 followed by 35 Ke2; Ke2; o 33 Kg7 34 3 3 Rd3 34 Rd8
Ke2 Rb2+ 35 Kd3 Rb3+ 36 Kd2 Rb2+ 37 Kc3 folowed by 38 d4+ 34 Bd4 h6 35 h4 Rb3+ Rb3+ 36 Ke2 Ke2 Rb7 37 3 7 R!
lack lack would woul d be complete complete zugzwg zugzwg ae ae 37 5 3 8 g3 Tee Tee foe e alows mediate end 37 Rb4 38 d6! Bck esigns
14
Of course a position doesnt have to b as hopeless as the above
Of course a position doesnt have to b as hopeless as the above still to be hopeless hopeless This is ue ue of L Polu P olugaev gaevsky sky V Korchnoi 1 977 97 7 Cddates Cddat es Match Gme Gme 2 aer Blacks 3 4th move Though Though mateal is ven Blacks Rook has peneated into ite's position nd Blacks Kngside pawns wil fo a fence around Whites King te is i s simpy lost th cours cours was was as follow follows s
35 Bc3 Rct 36 Bd2 Rc2 37 4 4 38 h3 + 39 K hS 40 hxg4 hxg4 Whi rsigns
Here the ge was adjoed d White took 45 minutes to sal hs move 41Ke He rsigned without coninuing sinc 41 Bc5 kps Whit in a hopss harlo rlock ck No bttr would hav hav ben 41 Rd4 as the followg alysis by Robet Bye shows 41 Rb2 42 B l Rx Rxb3 b3 43 Rxg4 Rb l ( Shade Shadess of of Shmko Shmkovic vichSoltis hSoltis evr evrs sd) d) 44 R4 Bb4 45 R6 K 46 R3 Kg6 47 R6 K 48 R3 Rxl 4 9 Rxe Rxell Bxe l 50 Kxe l Ke4 Ke4 d Black Black wins wins the the King King d Pawn Pawn ndge There e times when the greatest of sophistication is required to recoze recoz e the ulmate dang danger er of having having a contained contained King King Th following position E Mdnis D Evans Evans Nw York nta tional tional 11 1977 aer Blacks 40th mov appears o hold no dangers for Black Black With Wi th his his next next move move howver Whit Whit sets a sophisticatd sophistic atd ap:
15
4 RS!
Attacking the h-Pawn which thereore should be deended yes? 4 g6? Coect ct is 4 1 6 6 te can not aord to play 42 h5? No! Coe
beca becaus usee o 42 4 2 e5 43 Be3 d6 and Whtes Rook is se-apped hereore best would have been 42 e5 but with only a slight adv tage tage or ite 42 Rc6!
Black now is lost: his King and ight e contaed nd this also chains his Rook to the rst rank Moreover e holey natue o Blacks paw ormation enables Whtes King to peneate to Blacks Blacks Kingside Kingsid e 42 Ne7 43 Rc7! Nc8 44 Be5! Nb6 45 Bd4 Rb8 46 K! Nc8 47 Be5 Nb6
oses oses imme immedi diat atel ely y ut aer 47 Ra8 48 K4 K4 Wht Whte ess King King sts mching in 48 Rc6! Rb7 49 Bd4 Back resigns
Aer 49 d d7 50 50 Rc8 5 50 7 5 1 Rh8 mate) 5 1 Bc5 Whte Wh te wins wi ns the the pinned pinned Knight he iprisoned Kig is such a liability that the only coec advice to give in how to deend deend such positios positios is: AVOID HEM A graphic illusation o the never-eding problems resulting o such a King position is demonsated in the play arisig om E Mednis
16
I. Csom Budapest 97 9788 aer Backs 3 3 rd move Thoug Though h a pawn
I. Csom Budapest 97 9788 , aer Backs 3 3 rd move Thoug Though h a pawn dow Back is eady better here, because of his active Rook d the uti utimat matee unerabiity of a of hites Kngside Being sho of tme, however, I didnt appreciate the additiona risk of getting my Kng imprisoned:
34 c4? or bett better er or or worse, 3 4 b3 had to be payed htes King King woud then have obtained a far ount of mobiity 34 Kc6! 35 Be3 R 36 cxd5+ Kxd5 37 Bb6 b3! It is this move to which had negected to give the necessa respect hites King now remas remas contaned for the the rest rest of the game 38 axb3 axb3 39 Bc7 Rh3 40 Rd+ Ke4 41 Bd6 The ad adjoed jo ed position posi tion naysis showed that that as ong Back is carefu to keep the bind, hites chances of surviva e n 4 1 •• Bd8 42 Bc5 Bc7! 43 Rel+ Kd5 44 Bd6 Ba5! 45 Rd Ke4 46 Bc5 Bd2! 47 B Kxe5 48 Bel Bf4 49 Bc3+ K 50 Rfl h4 51 Bel Rh3 Whie resigns hite's King is sti contained whie he is aready down materia
The practica considerations that exist in actua ge e exce enty shown by the couse of pay om J Benj P Biyiasa New York Inteationa 11 977, 977 , aer aer Ba Back cks s 4 st move move
17
The me conol s ove Black s two cle pawns down d s Kng Kn g s he he expose exp osed d hte h tess wn shoud not be f f aw nste nstead ad note wha happens d why t happens 42 Qd4?? ccodng to convenonl ing a good pl te exchges the Queens d emans two pawns up in the endge et a de consdaon shows t to be wong because tes Kng wl ema ema mpisoned mpisoned d unsaf unsafee dung dung the pla pl ay to come wheeas wheeas wth the Queens o o Black Blacks s Kng s safe safe t s most doubtl f te endge s a w fo te of couse t shouldnt be lost oect fo te woud have been a mddege move such as 42 Re Re l 4 2 Qxd4! 4 3 Rxd4 Re7 Re7 leady Back s opeatng wth mag eats 44 Rd1 Re4 45 R K7 46 d6 5 47 Nd5 Re2 48 Nb6 4 49 Nxc4?! Both 49 d7 d 49 xa4 e bette 49 50 Rd K! 51 N3?! 5 1 a3 s bee 51 Ke8 52 c4 Rx2 53 Kd7 54 Nb5 B4 55 Rc? go od eough fo fo equalty. 5 5 Re shoud sl be good 55 Rc2! 56 R1 Rxc5 57 Nc3 Be6 58 Nx4 R5 59 Nc3 Kxd6 60 Rd1 Ke7
18
ith his Kng sti imprison imprisoned ed ht now is ost. Aer winnin winnin
ith his Kng sti imprison imprisoned ed hte ht e now is ost. Aer winnin winning g te's h-Pawn Back wi have a decisive h-Pawn of s own. 6 Re K 62 R B 63 Rf4 Kf6 64 Na4 Kg5 65 Rc4 Kh5 66 axb3 Kg5 67 Rcl h5 68 Rg+ Kf4 69 R+ Kg3 70 Rg+ K 7 Rh Be4 72 Rh4 B 73 Kb Kg3 74 Rc4 h4 75 Nc3 Re5 76 R h3 77 Rg8 Bg4 78 Rh8 h2 79 Kc2 Rh5 80 Ne4+ Kf4 8 Rxh5 Bxh5 Bxh 5 82 N K Whi Whiee resgns resgns
1
C2
The Active King Wins C 1 ng Paw Endges As the ony pece le by deton the ng's power in ng d Pawn Pawn endges s awesome awesome Ap om om genera King King actty the tech technc nc Kng movents movents caled "oppos "opposton ton"" d "gu "gua aon" on" e so of major scce Snce these wl be considered in detal ater on n the book y appece n ts seco wil be ony noted tgental tgentaly y Kng actity actit y i s ways ways of pount pount impoce d when I t of the "actve Kng" what me s that the the Kig a ge o hee i a o go A bic mpot position s of the pe shown beow te on move
Idely te wts to capture lack's pa whie ack wts to captue captue te tes s Clely Clely lacks lacks Kng is too f f away away to do at As a second go lack wnts to be abe abe to protect s paw s
20
aso wi wi be shown to to be mpossbe mpossb e Thrdy Thrdy Back woud wt to
aso wi wi be shown to to be mpossbe mpossb e Thrdy Thrdy Back woud wt to ose the pawn ony under such crcumstces that he c st hod e postio pos tion n for for a draw. draw. Yet f te pays pay s coec coecty ty ths too c be avode avo ded. d. te t e to pay pay wns as foows oow s b!! Over Overea eag ger s e mmed mmedaate Ke4? a Back Back dr draw awss aer aer . . b 5 2 Kd5 Kb7 3 Kc5 Ka 4 Kc Ka7 5 Kb5 Kb7 d a poston known know n as a theoretca draw draw ha been reached reached hte hte c aways aways capture Backs pawn the key to the of the ge s to do t the right way Kb7 2 Ke4 Kc7 3 Ke! Kd7 4 Kd! Kc7 Ke6 Kc8 6 Kd6! Kb7 Kb7 7 Kd7! Kb8 8 Kc6 Ka7 9 Kc7 Ka8 0 Kb6 Kb6 nd so at ong ast htes active Kng has captured the pawn Since htes Kng s on the ixth ank in ont o it pawn the poition i won iepective o who i on move 0 Kb8 Ka6 Ka8 2 b6 Kb8 3 b7 Kc7 Kc7 4 Ka7 Whi Whiee s The actve Kng s potentiay even more dangerous when there e pawns on both sdes of the bod Ths stuaton wth the pawn formatons ormatons unbance unbanced d s shown shown in ths poston po ston S Kachev Kachev Y Gutop 978 Moscow Chponshp aer tes 49 move It s obvousy Backs King whch s active and he won foows
49 g! O hxg hxg 5 Kd2 e4 52 a3 f
.
2
Black c readily create a psed pa om hs maort where the overpowerg locaton of Blacks Kng prevents Whte o
Black c readily create a psed pa om hs maort where the overpowerg locaton of Blacks Kng prevents Whte o acevg e se 53 gxf4 gxf4 54 b4 Kc4! 55 Kc Kb5! 5 KcJ K4 57 Kd4 e3 58 fxe3 Whie resigns
Aer 59 Kd3 Kxa3 60 Kxb4 Blacks Kng c stop Whtes e-Pawn but Whites ct get to Blacks aPawn A more sophsticated demonsaion of e value o e active Kg is shown in the play ising om A Jusu Jusupo povv - Io Iono nov v USSR 977 977 aer Blacks 45th move
White has two advtages here the obvious one of having the active Kng and the less obvious one of havng the potential Queen sde pawn breakthough (because o Blacks doubled bPawns) sl to that that in in Pom Pom Cuadas Cuadas he bic g method is for Whites King to force Blacks f enough away om the Queenside to allow allow the break to be executed he course of e gme: 4 b4 Kf 47 bS
Whtes bPawn is now now place. Black has nothng beer th contued passivit since 47 47 . g5+ 48 Kg4 Kg6 loses to 49 a3 K 50 Kh Kf5 51 a4! Kf6 52 Kh6 K 53 Kg7 and Whites Kng wll be the st one to do damage. Kg4 Kf Kf 49 h4 Kg Kg SO hS hS Kh?! 47 Kg 48 Kg4
22
Maes White Whitess tas oute oute.. Moe logical was 0 0 . Kf6 1 Kf4! Ke also losg is 1 . g6 2 h6! g+ Ke! d Blac ct go ae e hPa because of Whtes an beatough) 2 Kg K K Ke 4 Kg6 K a d ae the foced .. Kg8 Whte wns wi 6 c! 6 . dxc a! bxa 8 b6! cxb6 d6 K 60 d Ke 61 Kxg a4 62 h6 6 h 64 d8 Q+ Kxd8 6 h8Q+. 5 a4 g6 52 c5 gxhS a8 = Q 2 .. bxc a c4 4 a6 bxa6 bxa6 c 6 a c2 a8=
gxh+ 8 K e acve acve Kg) 8 .. c = Q Qh8 mate 53 K
But hee it is pot fo the Kng to be ale to so the awns as K? alows . h4!, d if Wte stos the hPawn with 4 Kg4 the mate eat apent apent the above note note has has evaoated I n e ge Blac esigned ae e text usupov gives the followg ely conuaon 53 bxcS 54 aS c4 55 a6 bxa6 56 bxa6 57 Ke3 ie wins Blacs cPan gets stoed Whites aPawn omotes. he active g doesnt necessaily have to be gang mateial to be dog its p in g g Gag teitoy tei toy o eventng eats is oen equy desiable he folowing osition osition a 2 study by N igoiev at st glce oes sct wing hoes fo Whte
23
Yet opitiated and actie King movement lead to te following fored win K! Ke3 2 KeS c6
o preven preventt Wite Wite Kd5 Kd5 Aer Aer d3 3 Kd5 K3 K3 4 K5 te win i rotine 3 a4 Kd3 4 aS cS 5 a6 c4 6 a7 c3 7 a8 = Q c2 8 QdS+!
Blak i t an eyela away om a talemate daw To win, Wte mt pt i Qeen on te oet qre nd ten move i ng do to reate a mating net 8 . Ke2
Aer Aer 8 . e3 Wt Wtee win wit 9 Qg Qg follow followed ed by 1 0 Qg5( Qg5( 9 Qa2! a2! Kdl l O Kd Kd4! cl Q Kd3! Kd3! e ns ns
Mate Mate i npre npreve venta ntable ble e.g e.g 1 1 . Qf4 2 Q2+ Q2+ Kel Ke l 3 Qe Qe e above i a tdy ye Bt now let ee ow te teme of prevenng Blak paw o qeenng ad tlizing te Kig a of te mating attak re ferable to real life exellent pratial ae i own in te poiton below Dr Mdler Proak Eat Germany 1976 ·Wite to move
te i two pawn aead, yet Blak King i at te troat of Wite' ingide ingide otine play i infient infient fo te ll pont eg e g 1 b5 xg2 Kb7 x3 3 Kxa7 Kg4 4 b6 3 d after bot ide Qeen Wite aPaw on te te tird rk i i not not enog to win e win reqire a different type of Kng ativity
24
I Kd5!! g2 2 Ke4 Kxh3 3 K White la i cle he wat to keep Black ig a haw cotaie log eough to eable him to make a uee fom hi ueeie paw majoity majo ity Black oly actical hoe i to y to ceate a talemate o the igie 3 ... Kh2 4 K!!
Oly o Aer 4 b5 g!! 5 g4 g2! 6 xh4 Black ig get back i time to the ueeie; ae 4 a4 h 5 a5!! 6 bxa5 h 7 a6 Black ha ceate talemate 4 . h3 5 b5! Kh 6 K! h2 7 b6!! a5!?
The oly ty, ice 7 axb6 8 a4 b5 9 a5 allow White to romote with checkmate 8 b7 a4 9 Ke2! Ufotuately White mut eleae the talemate Howeve, White ig emai cloe eough to Black o that the comig uee aw egame i wo. 9 ... Kg 0 b8 Q h
Q Qb6+ Kh2 2 Qd6+ Kg
O 2 . h h6 g2 4 g5 h 5 h5 g2 6 g4 h2 7 !, a White ig i cloe eough to mate Black 3 Qd4+ Kh2 4 Q4+ Kg2 5 Qg4+ Kh2 6 K! Back esigns
Iiet mate i uavoiable SECTIO 2 io iece iece Egame Sice the value of the active ig i the egame i apoxiately oit the egth of the active ig i a mior iece egame i euivet euive t to a whoe mio mio iece Thi mea that i mio iece egame the active ig i a emeou owe a mot of the time i i the wiig factor A coectio coec tio of mio iece egame will emoate thi picile a well a give guice i the oe utilizatio of the ig Iuctive ay i a ecoo Biho ege ie om Taaov Taaov T eoi eoia, a, 957 957 SS SS Chamio Chamioh hi i aer White White 40th move Supecialy White poitio may look He ha the ueeie maoity hi aw thee e o the ght colo
25
Yet it wil become apparent very soon that lack has in fact a decisive advantage because he c rapidly mobilize hs Kng
40 Kg7
lack pans simply to n his King along the h8a diagona to b2 Wte suers om having hs King stuck on the edge of the bod at herefore, to try to slow down lacks King, ite must use hs fPawn but ts leads leads to a chronc weakening of Whites Kgsde 41 f4 Kf6 42 g3 K! 43 Bbt Be4 44 B2 Bd3 45 Kg2 Ke4 46 gxh4
Allows lack two connected psed pawns n the center, to go with his active King ut equally uaactive is 46 K K xg3 47 Kxg3 Kd4 46 Kxf4 47 K Ke5! 48 Bb3
acks King d passed pawns now c become actve ut 48 Ke3 loses a pawn aer 48 48 Kd4 49 Bd l e5 50 h5 gxh5 51 Bxh5 52 h4 f4 53 53 Bd l e4! e 4! 54 h5 Ke5!
Passed paws must be pushed and both sdes strive to folow ths prnciple lacks connected passed pawns rema a power force, but rst lack's King neuaizes Whites pawn 55 h6 Kf6 56 Bb3 e3 57 K Be4! 58 Ke2 Kg6
limating the hPawn 59 Be6 Kh6 60 Bd7 Kg5 61 4 Kf6!
ovng over to neutralize Wite's Queensde prospects
26
6 b5 xb5 63 xb5 Ke5 64 Bg4 Kd5 ie resigns
Ae e foced 65 c6 bxc6 66 bxc6 xc6 Black s up the two passed pawns Ove-l wha a colossa colo ssall ob by by Black's Black's Kng e Kgs poce s even geae n oppose-colo Bshop endge Snce each Bshop does s own hng s s eKng's eKng's ole whch os oen s he decsve faco faco s vey vey uch so n the the play sng o E Medn Medns s - Lo Lob bd dy y 978 978 US Ch Chp pon on sp ae Blacks 46 ove
e s up a sound pan bu e blockadng endences of he oppose-colo Bshops es e poen f n he e hes geneal saegy s follows: s Kng wll head o he Queensde; Blacks Kg wll have o do lkewse o he's aPawn wll pooe Whe's Bshop hen wll captue Blacks £-Pawn Blacks Kgsde us weakened he's Kng wll e o d penea peneaee decsvely s s exacly wha happens happens hough hough es paence 47 Ke4 B 48 Bc8 Kd8 49 B
he has accoplshed hs s obecve e Bshop s on e pope dagonal fo geng o h7 Blacks poental coune play va s sopped and hes Kg s ee o head o the Queensde Black Black has has no e fo fo e ed da aee Kng Kng foay foay ee ee 49 Kc7 50 Bh7 Kb6 5 Bg8 Ka5 52 Bx a4 53 K Bh4 54 Ke6 ec w e Kngs peneaon decsve
27
49 o o Bel SO Bh7 Kd7 Sl Kd Kd8 52 Kc4 Kc7S KbS Bg 54 aS Bel SS Bd
Prior to executig the dicated l te ill a it of time order to reach the time cool o o Move 6. i a commo toet techique whe the ooet uch a Blac here ha o way of imrovig h oitio. SS Bh4 56 Be4 Bel 57 Ka6 Bb4 58 Bh7 BgS 59 Bg8 Bd2
Aer coiderale thought Blac agai tic to hi aive aroach. f coure the oly reao I heitated aout layig Bg8 wa to decide o how to reod if Blac lay .. f i.e. here 9 .. f I felt faily cea that 6 6 gxf f6 6 B£ hould wi wi a hite evetually get i f4 d Blac alo ha to reco with a otetial c-aw re Neverthele I had decided that eve urer i i 6 Bx£ with the the followig oiilit oiilitie ie ( ) 6 f4 6 6 Bg6 Bg6 Bh4 62 Bf B 6 K Bg 64 a6 B 6 c4 Bg (6 . Bc 66 h4 etc.) 66 a7 K7 67 a8 Q Ka8 68 Kc6; (2) 6 . 6 e4 e4 e4 (6 (6 . f4 62 Be8 followed y 6 B) 62 Bg6 e 6 Bd d i due coure hte will fahio a aed aw o the Kgide o wi; () 6 g4 6 g4 d ag hite will ot a wiig Kigide aed a 60 Bx B 6 Bg6 Bel 62 B B 6 KbS
ith ojective 2 wiig the faw acheved hte' Kig head ac to go for ojectve eeao of Blac' Kgide. 6 • Bel 64 a6 B 65 Kc4 Kb6 66 Bc8 Kc7 67 Bb7 Kd8 68 Kd Ke7 69 Ke4 Bb6 70 Bc8 S 71 Be6 K 72 K Kg7 7 c B
Blac eem to e jut holdig y a hair 74 7 4 Bc8 Bc 8 c e me y 74 K£ But a imle tactical deectio deectio meuver meuver immediately how u the deciecie i Blac c. 74 Bg8! S 75 Ke6
Blac mut ow cature a otheie te lay 76 B£ d ha eeated for othg 75 Kxg8 76 Kxf6
Thu hite ha achieved h thid ojecive hi Kg ha eeated ito Blac' oitio. The cot (e' Biho) i eaily
28
aodable, as s Biso ad no oensie owe d neite Blacks Kng no Biso as y offensie ossibilities On a uely mateial balce Wite as tee awns fo te iece wc is lly scient 76 Kh7
Leads to an immediate disaste yet 6 K is only mgially bette: c4 Kg8 (Ae .. .. Ke8 8 Kg te mkes a wining assed gawn 8 4! B 9 Ke6 Bc5 80 Kd followed by Kc Kb a etc 77 K!
Black now is elless aganst te comg Kgside a adce Te conclsion was 77 B 78 h4 Bc5 79 g5 hxg5 80 hxg5 Bb6 81 g6+ Kh6 82 g7 Kg5 83 g8 Q+ Kf Kf4 84 Qg4 Q g4+ + KeJ KeJ 85 Qgl Qg l + 86 Qxb6 Qxb 6 e4 87 a7 88 a8 Q e2 89 Qe8 et Q 90 Qxel Back esigns
Een at te maste leel it mst be emasized oe d oe aga ow citical ones osition c become if te oonent te actie King excellent illsation a Kgt endgme is oided by egal B Io ao alo 1 98, ae Blacs Blacs 22nd moe
Wite, a Bzli mte, ad jst sed to excge o all te ooks in te exectation tat tis will bing im close to a daw His Kigt is well laced d a fomation fomation faltless Bt te moe exeienced Ygosla Gdmaste ad coectly easoned
2
ha he immie acivi f hs Kg wil suce Back's Kig is already alread y ceaied Whie's is Ne hw qcky qck y Blacks Kig aais a dmg psi: psi: 23 K Kd6! 24 Ke2 Kd5 25 N
Whes Kgh lks fr a mre sable cai Aer 25 K vkv gives he fllwg g g prcedure: 25 Ne4+ 26 Ke2 Kc4 27 Nc5 28 Kd2 e5 flwed by 29 Kb3 2 5 e5 26 Nd2 e4 27 g4
preve 2 7 ye his pa advce weakes e Kigside 27 Na4 28 b3 Nc3 29 K b5 30 Kg2 a4!
Bh es Whies a-Paw d pes up e c4 sque fr peia ila by e Kig r Kigh 31 b4 Ke5! 32 Kg3
Black rs seghes hs gside paw fai he Quee side play w' away 33 gx Kx 34 Ke5! 35 K 36 Kg3 Ndl 37 e4 Nxe3 38 ex Nx 39 K Kd4!
Blacks Kg is w ready devr Whie's Queeside whle he echge f Kigside paws ha ealy decreased Blacks er abiliy here Whie is ally ls 40 Kf4 Nd6 ie resigns
I Bishp vs Kgh edgames he rle f he acive Kig c be csidered a "rma" e, hus beg ve e he decisive facr such edigs Success fr fr he side wih he Bishp is is dem saed m he psii he e page V Krchi L. Pisch Susse erz 1967 aer Whe's 63rd mve Whe is up a passed gPaw ye his Bishp is able aack y paws wle Blacks Kgh h a uassailable psii e5 Whie's Kig is acively placed hwever d Back ca' preve i m peeaig herefre Whie ws
30
63 Kg K g7
tes gPawn will advce if Back places hs King n e7. te wis 63 ... c4 64 bxc4 Nd3 65 Kf5 Nc5 66 e5 dxe5 67 e5 a4 68 Bxa4! Nxa4 69 d6 (Kchni). 64 K K
If 64 . N tes acve ng wins as fllws 65 Ke6! Nd4 66 Kxd6 Nxb5 67 Kxc5 Nc3 68 e5 Ne4 69 Kb6 Nxg5 70 Kxa5 N 7 e6 etc etc 65 Be a4 66 bxa4 c4 67 BhS! Kg7 68 Bd c 69 Ke6 Nc4 70 aS! Back resigns
A 70 .. Nxa5 7 Kxd6 tes active King pvides decisive supp f e mch f e psed cente pas
3
h activ Kig hls th sid with th Kight t w A b
h activ Kig hls th sid with th Kight t w A b sti sti A Alkhi Alkhi, , Ld Ld 1 922 922,, a lacks lacks 50th mv, mv, i th diagam th vis ag. lacks Paw d Kight k Whts Kig away m th Qsid d ack wis by wakig hs Kig v 5 Kgl K! 52 Kg2 Ke7 53 Bg8 Kd6 54 B Kc5 55 Bxh5
Psiv sistac wld hav b bvisy hlss 55 Nxb3 56 K A slightly btt y was 56 g4, a whch Alkh gvs th lwig wiig li 56 d4 57 g5! g5 58 g5 x5 59 £ Kd4 60 K Kd3 61 K h4 62 d5 b3! 56 • Kd4 57 B Kd3
h actv Kig maks ssibl ths ick cmbiatia slti 58 Bxb3 Kd2 59 Bc4 b3 60 Bxb3 e2 ie resigns
What abt th latish th Kig d aws i th ght vss a sig m ic s is wll kw, mi ic is sally gdd gd d as ivt t t 3 as It mst b aways kt md that as th ttal c lv dcass, th balac s m d m i th av th aws aws I th ltimat c Kig d mi ic vs Kg ad 3 aws aws t is bvis that th sid with with th aws has z lsig chacs d xcllt wig scts Wh sid with th aws als h th activ Kig, its wig chacs a atastc ic th activ Kig Kig is is ivalt i i val t a mi ic, it c b stlatd that i sch sitatis th aws" sid has i ct th matial advtag th as h cclsi cclsi Mds Mds Lmbady dms dmstrat tratd d hw asily asily th activ Kg + th aws wi agaist a ish Vy th actv Kig ds ch lss aw w t b ctai victy Exclt d thght is vidd by, J Pit Pit E Mdis, Mdis, da das stt 1 976, a a Whit Whitss 57th mv, mv, i i th diagam th xt ag
32
hte hs psse pwn for the xchnge n hs Kng s be to suppo the pwn's pwn's nce The utmte utmte euton euton of the poston seems unce though n fct Bck hs eecng force wn 57 . Kb5
As neer consere pyng ths moe. To set the stge for wht foows the gme ws to be joe t tht moment wth Bck to to se hs moe moe Aer some thng t seeme cer to me tht t ws mportnt both for gener prncpes n n ths specc cse to ctte my psse Rook, n see 57 .. Re? where upon hte just mnge to rw rw 5 8 Kf5 Re 59 Bf B f4 K7 0 Kf Kf Rf Ke5 Ke7 2 g K K 3 Bh+ Kg8 Kg8 4 K5 Rb 5 Kxc4 Rb2 4 7 K5 b5 8 b5 Rxb5 9 Kc Rb3 70 c4 Rg3 7 B2 Rxg 72 Kb7 R rw Durng hs home yss my opponent h qucky note the power of 57 .. Kb5 whch e s metrcy opposte to mne when pye 57 Re? Bck not not ony ony keeps hs Rook psse but must scrc scrcee t soon for for htes gPwn g Pwn On the other hn he cttes hs Kng t sweeps nto htes Queense ong the wek ght squres n ets up te's pwns entre nght of nys nysss by Pnter Pnter prouce no sng sng pn for hte - there s none So Bck's corect pn ws to scrce hs Rook n ctte hs Kng. Yet t neer occue to me to ee my Rook ps ps e e ht ce c ge mysef for the ture? Perhps, to wys repet n my mn mn the the ct cte e Kng, Kng, ct cte e Kng Kng, , ct cte e Kn Kng g . .
33
58 K Rg8 59 g6 Ka4 60 Kf6 Kf6 Kb3 6 6 K 8 8 62 g7 Rh7 63
58 K Rg8 59 g6 Ka4 60 Kf6 Kf6 Kb3 6 6 K 8 8 62 g7 Rh7 63 Kg6 Rxg7 64 Kxg7 Kc2 65 Bf4 Kxb2 66 a4 Kxc3 67 Bb8 a6 68 Bc7 b5 69 axb5 axb 5 axb5 70 Kf6 Kf6 Kd3 7 Bd6 Bd6 c3 72 Ke5 c2 73 Ba3 b4 74 Bb2 Kc4 75 Ke4 Kb3 76 B Ka2 77 Kd3 Kb 78 Bg5 b3 79 Kc3 b2 Back s
Of couse, te above s ust oe llusative varato mae at te tres Blacks acve Kg s decsve.
Yet no
SC 3 k Endges Te most poat sgle facto Rook ad Pa edgmes s Rook actvty. Ts s so because becaus e te Rook, Rook, toug toug excellent as aacker s a clumy defede. By tsel e actve Kg Rook ad Pa edgames s less of a poe t o pece edgmes Whe teed t acve acve Rook oeve t becomes vey sgct Te aesoe poer poer of suc a combaon s excellently demosated te play arsg om E Toe P Byasas Cleveland 197, ae hte's t move
Bot sdes ave active Rooks d ave ave passed pas. Te cdal cdal deece teefoe, s te locao of e Kngs. Kng s. ere htes s passvely placed d eve dge of beg mated Blacks c be used as as actve attack attackgg pece Terefoe Terefoe Kxd? Kxd? ould be cogrous stead decsve s
34
5 Kc3
Cong es g o e s rnk d enabg Blacks conneced psed pans o rol fowd. hes response s as good y. 55 h6 Rx Rx
he ae rea ws a epo 56 Kb c
Back s now able o ue ue bo he d d a-les a-les for hs Rooks Rooks aakg purposes purposes f now 57 Rd7 57 . b3 58 h7 b2 b2 folowed by 5 .. Ra ae 57 R Rx5
e ae ae ea e a 58 Rd + 5 b3 60 Ral oo eager eager s 57 57.. .. b3? 58 b2?? because of 5 R+ 58 K b3 59 Rb7 R2 ie rein er 60 h7 6 h8 Q coes 6 .. Rfae d 6
aows Bak o sop he ha whereupon hs psed pas be decsve. dng where he derence lay n he acv of he respecve gs
Oen e reave pawn coun s consderaby less sgnc h e acv of d R R hs was aready noed n oe Byasas. Byasas. even ore drac deonsaon occurs he play arsng o s poson S Glgoc E Geler Zurch Cddaes oen 53 aer hes 60 ove he s up wo pans
35
d ha two ad an yt Blac gl d awn win y forc cau hi ing c b raidly moilzd to hl out 60 d3 61 R+ Now Blac ing i iratd; if th Roo rm on th -l, howvr, th awn romot y itf 6 Ke5 62 K Kd4! 63 g4 Kc3 64 Ke4 Re + 65 Kf5 Kf5 d2 d 2 66 Rxd2 d2 67 g5 Kd3! Blac Roo td wll nough d it i ag ti for ng wor Sic aiv dfn dfn i hol, hol , t i n n intrting intrting an an rath rathro roug ugh h coming coming in th nd nd only a tmo tmo hor hort t 68 c5 dxc5 69 d6 Re 70 d7 Ra8 ie resigns h lily nd would hav n 7 6 c4 72 7 c3 73 d8 Q Kxd8 c2 75 75 g6 c l Q 76 g7 Qg5 Rd8 74 Kxd8 h nxt thr xl mor noal, th n that r xit matrial quit. ach ca th dciiv factor i th acv g A at atgically gically clr clr ituat ituation ion xt xt i i . Poi - S Fu Fu 95 8 USS US S R hm hmion ionhi hi, , r r Blac Blac 38th 3 8th mov
hit obviouly ha th activ Roo, yt Blac c rotct al of hi w w ot again againtt atta attac c om that that oc o c.. hu, hit Roo nd n d hl om it Kg Kg Poin achiv thi thi ff ffctvly wth wth 39 e4!! Voluntarily lowg Blac to xchg off hi iolatd d-Pawn Poi h coctly n that i hugly comnatd for y
36
what it gt i r a dont, cnally activ ng d a ad d-Pawn 39 dxe4+ 40 Kxe4 Ke7 41 Ra8 Ke6 42 d5+! Utilig al o t ngth 42 Kd6 43 Re8! Re8! Rc7 Rc7 44 Re6 Re6+ + Kd7 Kd7 45 Rc6! Back Back resi resign gnss Th activ ng om th Roo d Pa ndgm gt d into th g activ ing in th ing d Pawn ndg ar ar 45 . c6 46 dxc6+ dxc6+ xc6 xc6 47 47 Alo Alo hol i th th aiv aiv 4 5 . . R7 R7 with hit hav havg g dligh dlightl tl choic choic tw twn n 46 Rx6 Rx6 d 46 . t alo ha a ignict atgic advantag i th olowg oition, oition, A Al Alhi hi - M. Euw Euw 93 93 5 orld orld hm hmi ion on Match, Match, G 2 7, ar Blac Blac 3 t mov it, it, o cour, cour, c radily aon a ad a on th Qunid whr it wil not o ay ay or or B l ac to achiv achiv th on on th igid igid Mor imoantly, t ng c gt to th Qunid d ait hi awn( awn() i qui quig g Th g conti contiu ud d
32 a4? Ahn quri thi cau Bac Roo now gt acc to 3 d d hit ing i a mov d in variou rac to th Qunid onit oni tn ntt nd nd dciiv dciiv wa th immdiat immdiat 3 2 2 ! . I Blac dnd aivly, it win a in th gam, nd ar
37
32 R2 33 d3 Rg2 34 4 g ai Q id awn for a ain (Ahin) 32 Rb3? Th o of Ba fa omhg whih aordg o Alh Alhin in wou woud dn n hav hav n n r r h o o 3 2 5 5 Of our 32 R2? woud hav n no r h rvo no. 33 bS gS 34 Ke2! eS 35 Kd2 f6 36 Kc2 Rb4 37 KcJ Rd4 38 R6 Ba ha rvnd hi om ahvig onnd a u on d aw aw uod uod y h ng ao viorou 38 Kg6 39 Rxb6 Rx4 40 R6 Rd4 41 b6 Bck egn Ar 4 Rd 42 Ra2 Rd8 43 4 hi g ai h romoon romoon of o f h h -aw wh wh Ba B a g rman rman oohl
a qu oo a J R aaa S Towr Nw or 924 ar Ba 34h mov i may no oviou ha i r
For i if ang i i Ba who h h mor av Roo Ro o.. aa i fa d for for hi oio oion n ond a a ng avi mu ad o a h g had for f6 om whr i wi hran Ba wih a ma d o i a oion o ai in h advan of h Kgid a() 35 Kg3! Rxc3 36 Kh4 R
3
Black decdes t at least elmate te pssblty f Whte hang cnected passed paws. Other cntutns e satsfact (l) 6 . R 7 K5 Kg8 8 Rd7; () 6 .. 7 g6 b5 8 b5 a 9 Kg5 0 Kf6. bth cases, Wtes acte Kg s the g g factr 37 Rxf4 38 K5 Re4
A frced mate ccurs aer 8 Rxd?! 9 Kf6 Kg8 0 Rd7. 39 Kf K8 40 R7 Kh8 4 Rxc7 Re 4 Kx!
he sacrced materal h been reganed wth Whte stll hang the acte Kg d nw als als he acte acte Rk. Whte's s sred e.g. .. a6 Ra7 b5 , d Whte wll capte Blacks aPawn d en prmte hs wn. 4 Re4 43 Kf! Rf4 44 Ke5 R4 45 7 K8 5 .. Rxg7 6 xg7 Kxg7 7 Kxd d Whte's acte Kg
decdes e g d Paw edge. 4 Rxa7 R 47 Kxd5 Rc 48 Kd Rc 49 d5 Rcl 50 Rc7 Rat 5 Kc Rxa4 5 d Back Back es es ns ns
SC 4. Queen Endges e Queen s sch a pwerl pece that f necessty e Kngs rle s less th at n ther endges. eerheless eerheless the acte acte Kg s sl f cnsderable ale d pwer. It s cmpletely wrng t feel sce e Qe s s pwerl e g may s well rema placdy at hme A gd praccal llsatn f the need always t cnsder te ptental seess f e ace g s shwn e play rsg m the psn n e next page K reybl A. Alekhe, Psty 9, aer Blacks 9 me ekhe had sted a cmban n Me wh the key psn restg er tes next me
3
40 g6+! n th gam t nxlcaly layd 40 Q3 and rgnd ar ar 40 g6 th th chc chc wll wll oon oon ovr (4 Q6 Q6 h5 42 Q2 h4 tc)h txt th man l that Alhn had cond rd whn rg to lay h 33rd mov 40 Kxg6!! Playg for th actv Kg a Q d P ndg n fac factt th only way to . Ovouly ad adqu quat at 40 . . g8 ca cau u of 4 gxh7 tc Howvr th ovou matrtc 40 . hxg6 ao oy draw cau Wht can forc rt rtual ual chc. chc . Alhn rovd rovd th folowng ln 4 Q3 Q 3 f6 f6 42 Q Q 7 43 Qa3 Qa3 8 44 Qa4! d8 45 Qa8 7 46 Qa3 47 Q3 tc. 4 Qx Qxb2+ 42 K Qc3+ 43 Kg2 Qd2+ 44 Kg3 Qe3+ 45 Kg2 Qe4+ 45 Kg3 QeS+ 47 Kg2 KhS! h actv Kg! Sc thr no atfactory way to rotct th h-Pawn, t mut tat t xchg. 48 Q+ Kxh4 49 Qh3+ KgS 50 Qxh7 Qe2+ 51 Kg3 Qg4+ 52 Kh2 Qh4+ Back ns Ar th xchang of Qun th actv oton of Blac ng ad to aly won ng d Pawn ndg
A mor adtona tartng oton for Kg actvty that on th folowg ag Y. Avra rah A Sut Sutn n,, 954 95 4 USSR US SR ham ham on on h ar Blac 4t mov.
40
Wht a pawn ad, ut no drct mthod xt for ralzg th advantag advantag Morovr Black Black rmanng pawn m to qut cur thr prnt locaton lly Wt c not hop hop to achv anyth anythn ng g y utlzaton utlzaton of only only th Qun Qun d pawn h wnng ngrdnt t Kng a follow: 42 g4! Frng th th g3/h g3 /h44 rout rout a a a outlt for for th Kng 42 .. Qd2 43 Kg3 Qc3+ 44 K4 Qd4 45 Q+ g6 Wakng Wakng th Kng Kng poton. po ton. qually qually unp unpata atal l howvr, th r r at at 4 5 . Kg8 a Wht Wht Kng Kng roll for forwa ward rd y 46 Kh5 . 46 Q+ 6 47 Qf6 K7 h thra thratt wa 48 Qh8mat Qh8mat Now Wht Wht Kg t h dcv mch 48 Kg5! Qd2+ 49 f4 f4 exf4 exf4 50 Q+ 8 5 K6! Back resigns resigns Mat Mat ct prvn prvntd td f 5 . £+ thn thn 52 g5 g 5 th th nd
h actv Kg prov tlf qut a valual through t ph of o f th Qun ad ad Pawn ndgam ndgam nung nung om om V Kutov - . oln, oln, USSR US SR 978 97 8 ar ar Black Black 46th 46th mov. mov. houg hough h mat matr r vn Black m to for choc cau h Qund pan majorty majorty wll wll radly gnrat a pad pawn pawn . On th othr hand, for t to achv th on th ngd m a much lowr
4
roc roc Yt it it dmon dmona at t that that cau of th advt advtg gou ouy y
roc roc Yt it it dmon dmona at t that that cau of th advt advtg gou ouy y activ location of hi King th chc lly acd:
47 g4! h rt ha i a ing Qun ndg. hit t uhig hi Kngid awn 47 •• b4 48 Kg6! Qe4! Othrwi 49 f6 49 KgS! QdS! SO Kg6! a3? Blac riouly ovau hi roct oct w 50 . Q4 with a lily draw. Sl bxa3 bxa3 52 f6 Qe6 lly unatifactor i 52 . a2 53 Qx7+ Kc6 54 a l Q 55 Q Q Q l + 56 53 gS a2 54 QeS SS Qg8 al Q?! Bttr drawing chc wr to had with 55 .. xf6 56 Qxa2 g5 56 dS A u uati ating ng oition for for Blac Blac Evn Evn though h h qund had of it th two Qun ct gt at t activ d hltrd King Yt a oon a it gt a cond cond Qun Bl B l ac c Kng will in moal dgr h doul Qun ndg i th cond ha. 57 Q Qa6+ 58 f6 Qd3+
2
Aer 58 . exf6 ite ws with 59 Qgg7+ Kc6 60 Qf6+ Qxf6+ 61 Qxf6+ Kb5 62 Qxa6 Kxa6 63 K 59 K Qe6+ 60 Kg7 Qxg8+ 6 1 Qxg8 exf6 exf6 62 gxf6 gxf6 Here sts the thid thid phase phase Th Thee ther advced passed passed paw paw aided aided by the King eads eads to a forced forced wn wn 62 •• Qd4 63 Q+ Kc6 64 Qe6+ Kb5 65 K Qe4 66 Qe7 Qh4 67 Ke8 Q2 68 Kd7 Q6 69 Qe6 d4 70 Qg7 7 Ke8 Q8+ 72 Q Back resigns An instructive Q d N endge is shown i the play asing om the folowig position M Matulovc U dersson, Belgrade 1 977 97 7 aer Black's 54t 5 4th h move. move. Te, te is i s up a Queesde Queesde paw paw yet it is quite dicut to fhion a psed pa thee, i general, general, Black is not only abl ablee to potect potect everthing, everthing, but even h coterchces For exple, Backs mediate teat is 55 .. Qxe3 ite, noting noting th thee vulne vulnera rabilit bilit of o f my my of Backs Back s Kgside squares, comes up with the wig p actvizaton of his o King
55 K3 Qc6 56 K4! Ql+ 57 Kg5 N7+ 58 K6 Qc6+ There is nothing else, but now te will be up two pawns 59 Kx5 Nf6+ 60 Kg5 N7+ 61 Kh4 and Whie won on Move 73 Blacks immediate checks are at end eg. 6 . Qh6 62 Kg4 Nf6 63 K Qh1 64 Ke2 Qh2+ 65 Kd3 o 61 Qh1+ 62 Kg4
3
erefore erefore e to pwn pwn vt vtge ge leas to ey wn. Yet note t t e cve Kng tht me ts stuaton possble!
S ed Endges A cross secton of other enges e gve ths sectio l wth the e bc bc mport pot te ctve ctve g s. s . Conser Cons er st st E Mes J Feorowez Ne ork Intetionl 9 er Blck Blcks s 4 move e fct fct th Wte s xchge o s a mor mat� some moves eler Wte h sacrce t hopg (epectng (epectng to rve t such poston pos ton.. The conecte conecte psse ps me ht Whte h a theoetc n he y to wn s to mke ll use of e cve Kg
1 ! K8 4 1 Kc s so met met by 42 Kb5 ! Blc Blck kss K n R e e n n hve me for for Rook actv actvty ty wth wth 4 1 zgzwg. Neer oes Blck hve .. Re 42 6 ws e.g. 42 . Re1 43 Kb5 R1 44 Kb6 followe by 45 a. a. 2 KS! e st step s for Wtes Kng to ceve a ominatng presence Whtes Kg shoul be where t c be of getest hel n e aws vce. vce. Less Less cle woul woul be 42 42 b5 Rc R c 43 b6 Rc5, Rc 5, Blck i s geg countly.
42 Kb8 2 Kc7 a6, Back is agan n zgzwg mus aow he her avce of es Kng 43 Kb6! Re7 44 a6 Rc7 Thee Thee is no hope If . . . Ra7 5 b5 an an he he Rook mus mus moe moe whereupon 6 Bb7 wins 45 Bb7! The hea of 6 a7 mae requires he rep which eads o eemenar K an P endge win 45 Rxb7+ 46 axb7 d5 47 Kc5 Back esns esns
ih os of o f ee bo room, n eng engames ames of Rook and Bishop vs. vs . Rook an Knigh he sie wih he Bishop has he advage because he B i shop c cono more eio eio han he Knigh The posion posi on beow, V Sm Smsov sov - V Bagrov, vov 1978, aer Backs 6r move, shows ha even n cases wih mnmum maeria, a wn can be fashone ash one om om a combnaon combnaon of sma sma adva advanages nages.. ie has has a number of hese: he Bishop, he acve Kng, he emporar inaciv i of B acks ck s Kng. Theefore, Theefore, even hough each each side has o one pawn, hies pracica chces for a win e exceen
A rs Back efens perfec e jus one sip is sucien o cause a oss 64 c4 a4 65 Ra6 Rd8 66 Bd6!
5
King th bind i much mor imoat th wg th a-Pawn a-Pawn at it it ticully ticully wt to r rnt nt Bla Bl ack' ck' Knight om acri cing cin g itl it lff for cP c Paawn wn thrby cung a thortcal draw. 66 Re 67 Kd5 N 68 c5 Ne3 69 Kc6 Re4 70 Kd7 Nd5 Nd 5 7 c6 Rc4 72 72 Ke6 Nc3 73 Kd7 Inufcint i 73 Rb6 bcau of 73 . . 74 Bx Nb5 75 Bb2 Na7 73 . Nd5 74 Ba3 K? Bgg back th Kg i atgically logica but tactcaly wrong bcau Wht Kg c now forc Black' ght away om it dfn dfn bation On Only ly with with 74 Rd4 Rd4 75 Bc5 Bc5 Nb4 76 Bxd4 Bxd4 Nxa6 77 B5 a3 78 Kc8 Nb4 (Bagio) could Back draw. 75 Kd6 Nf6 76 Ra8 Rc3 77 R Rxa3 78 Rxf6 Ke2 79 c7 Rd3 Rd3 80 Kc6 Kc6 Th ac Kg dcid th Rook d Pawn ndg. 80 Rc3 8 Kb7 Kd2 82 Rc6 Back esigns gt and ohticatd dmonation of th acti Kg i a Rook d Biho Bi ho Rook d Bho ndg i gin gin by it it
A khin hin R Tic ich Brlin Brlin 92 Matc Match h G G 4 r r Bla Bl ack 26t 26 th mo Akhi Akhin n ha acricd a awn to i i at th otion in ll ralization that th acti g acti Rook
46
superior Bishop d passed bPa wi give g g chces oy to : 7 3! K soon bomes ce, Black wi have eat dicues i protecting is c-Pa c-Pa. efore efore Aekhie suggests suggests 27 . 2 8 Kxe4 Bd6 with soe drag cs ! R 28 . Rfl 29 Kd5 Kd5 ! K 30 Ra Ra7 ! Thee o Th oy pra pract ctic ica a chc chcee w 29 . Bxb4! Bxb4 ! ? . 3 S 3 1 7 3 R7! 33 S! Treatg the preventabe 34 b6 Obviousy te is enti entitl tled ed to ore ore 3 3 c5? c5 ? Bxc5 Bxc5 ! 33 3 4 ! R Aer 34 ... B2 Aee gives e foowig w: 35 c5 Kc8 36 Kc6 cb6 37 Rg7! 3 S R 3 k i i The bPa is unstoppabe 36 ... B 37 b7 R (37 . c6 38 b 8 Q+ 38 Ra8. The acve King becoes even ore ower when oposite cor Bishops e on the bod. bod. One such donsa donsation tion occurs occurs the ay sing om e folowg posio E Meds G Kn Bu Buda daes estt 1978 19 78 er White's 79th move
e peee pptel Bhp d e meager number paw eem t e Wte e drawng he; hee would beome muh beer aer the "nal" long 79 . g4? 80 Bxg4 But Bla a ae e advtage advtage o the at atve ve Kng t w by 7 f! R 1 RS ! Bc3 3 R h h th thee dea 83 . Rd? 84 Re8+, Re8+ , d a lely lely draw draw Materal Materal nw even and te ud dawha t the ppter Bhp he d he Ba g away m t dmneerng lat n e3 e3 Yet he nt, d th at at wl pell h end. O ue 83 Rb le t 83 .. Rd 3 b3 R hen he n playg playg th, I verled verled the lng repne repne Al nu ent 84 Rb8 b2, hwever, e.g. 8 g Bd4 8 Rb3+ Kd2 87 Bg4 Re2+ 88 Bxe2 Kxe2 Kxe2 lwed by 89 . et. et. the a ave ve Kng w agan! B5! 5 B hte Bhp t bth tp the b-Pawn d prevent the dev tatng . +. 8 Rb8 nw a t 8 .. Bb! 5 b Bc 7 3 3 R Bc7 i i si sins ns Smehg le the utmate n Kg atvy n a mxed endgame whe whe th thee maj majrr pe peee the the R R u n C de Vler - R Sha 977 97 7 Suth A Chapnhp, Chapnhp, aer B la 39t 3 9th h mve
We see Whte's Kig actve from the iiti position, a Roo and opposite oppos iteclo clorr Bsh Bshop op d ally in a Bishop vs. Roo Roo endge The iital positon is obviously very favorable for White since he has a large space advantage d active pieces, wle the d sques in Blacks postion pos tion re chroncally wek Even so the semibloc semibloc aded nar naree of the position positio n mkes progress dif di fcult cu lt Whtes Whte s winnng plan is based on King power 40 Ke3! Ka7 4 Kf4! Ka8 42 Ba3 Ka7 43 Nh3 Ka8 44 Kg5! R 45 Kf6 Kf6 ! Rh8 46 Ng5 Re8 47 S Rc7 48 R/ R/ b2! Rd7! 49 Nh7 Rh8
Decidg that sacrice of the Exchnge is the best defensive pl. The alteative ive 49 Rc7 lose losess to 50 N Nb8 Nb8 5 1 Bd6 Bd6 , eg eg 5 1 R 52 Be7 Nc6 53 Ne6 Rxe7 (53 . Nxe7 54 Nc5) 54 Rxc6! (Waler) 50 N Rx 5 Bx Ka7 52 S Ka8 53 Bd6 Ka7 54 f4! Ka8 55 Rxc6!
White White must mus t crea create te new vuln vulnera erable ble ponts po nts Blacks Blacks posito posi ton n Te sacrice of wo Echages does that ick aer whch the domineer ing Wte ng is decisive 55 bxc6 56 Rb8+ Ka7 57 Re8! Kb7 58 Rxe6
Whites Whites just a bit overeager overeager here here . More accur accurat atee was was rst 5 8 a5 d only aer 58 Ka7, 59 Re6 Aer the tet Black is able to orgaze a bit of a defense 58 . fxe6 59 Kxe6 Kc8 60 aS Rb7 6 Bb4 Kd8 62 Kd6! Rc7 63 S Rc8 64 Bb6+ Ke8 65 Bc7! K 66 Kd7! Re8 67 Bd6 Re6 68 c6 Re8 69 Kb7 Back resigns
ite will win win Blac's Bl ac's a-Paw d then queen queen his his own Wat an awesome exple of King power The last two examples will show the actve King helping its Queen aceve success succes s First consder the posit pos iton on on on the next page Bas J Plachetk 978 Czechoslovakian Chpionship, aer hites 4 1 st move. move. For the the missing Queen White White has Roo, Bish Bi shop op and o o paws which is ll ll equivalence equivalence hite' hite'ss main prob problem lem is that that hs h s pieces e not well placed for defensve wor Snce Blac ct
49
hope to wi without the pticipio of his g y cse his ext move is logicl eough
4
KeS! 42 B+?
is just the delects the Bishop wy om the defese while chsig Blcks Blck s Kig whee it wts wts to go Coect ws to impove impove the defesiv defesivee positio of the Rook wi wih h 42 R5 ! Chces Chces would hve the emi blced 42 Kd4 43 Rd5+ KcJ 44 ReS Qd Q d l + 45 Kg2 f4 f4 ! 46 Rxe4?
Allows imedite foced wi The oy move ws 46 gxf4! th th the follo ollow wg g cotitio 46 46 Qg4+ 4 7 Kfl Qxf4 Qxf4 4 Re7 Qf6 Qf6 49 Re4 Re4 (Equiv (Equivale alet t is 49 R7 e 50 Ra+ Kxb4 Kxb4 5 1 e e ) 49 49 Qx 50 Re Re + Kb4 Kb4 5 1 Kg2 Qf4 Qf4 52 Rh Qg4+ Qg4+ 5 Rg Qxh Qxh44 54 Re Kxc4 55 Rh d ccodig to Avebkh ite hs obtied theoeticlly w positio 46 + 47 Kh2 Qe2!! 48 ReJ+
Thee is ohig else but ow Blcks ctive Kig will help the fPaw quee Note ht ht Whites White s Bishop Bi shop is oo f f w wy y to to help help 48 Kd2! 49 Kgl QxeJ! 50 fxeJ Kel 5 Bd5 + 52 Kh2 = Q ie resigns
Quite iteestig is the ply isg i J Smejk Smejkll L Ljubojevic jubojevic Moscow 1 977, 97 7, ae ae Blcks 5 2d 2 d move Hvig two Rooks Rooks fo the the Quee Black eve h a slight mteil dvtge White Whitess pssed pssed
50
fPw is suc powe oweve, i will ie dow bo of Blcks Rooks Rook s o o psive psiv e defese. defese. Tis will llow Wies Kg o il ilee io Blck Bl ckss posiio posiio d gi gi vico. Te iscive couse couse ws ws
3 QS Rd1 4 Q8 S SS 4
A sde oe ccue w e ove ode 55 Qb7! Rdd6 56 Ke4 Rb6 57 Qc7 Rdc6 58 Qd7 (Filip d Blck beig i zugzwg, us lose iediely. SS Rd7 6 S Rcc7 7 f6 hS 57 .. Rb7 58 Qe8 Kb6 59 Q5 60 Qg6 K7 6 Qgl Kb6 62
Ql Q l d We ll wi wi i wy wy siil o o i e e ge 8 h4 R 9 Q8 6 60 6 Rh7 61 Q8 S
No be bee e is 6 . . Kc6 62 K Rb7 6 Qg8 d Wes Wes w gi gi s e 6 Rhd7 63 g6 R7 Pey is e ed 6 Rc6 64 K5 Rxf6 65 Qc8!. 64 QS 6 6 6 6 hS hS Rc7 66 gS 4 67 6 7 Q Q
Peveig y possible . 4 d geig edy o ke dvge of e wekeg wekeg of e b sque. sque . 67 Rc6 68 Q4 R7 69 hS R8 70 h6 Rg8 71 R8 R8
Te ep coueply by 7 . R is pied wi 72 Qb5 Kc7 7 Qx5+ Qx5+ Kd7 Kd7 74 Ql Ql 7 h7 Bck sigs
Soeig i Blcks posiio will ve o give ely. ely.
5
CP3
The Active King Achieves a Dr f you c w y f he e e e e g o aw To acheve acheve ve oe eceay o creae couepay order o compeae fo ee a maeal dadvage or a pooal poem omeplace ee ee Sce e Kg he here re power he edge foow a acve Kg c oe ceae eough couechce o a a daw. ecele g epe he folowg V Cehkovky V Ba Bag go ov v Lvov Lvov 1 978 978 aer Back 55 55 h move.
We of coure a pece do d h ee o fo que ome me me Neveee he had acva acvaed ed h Kg Kg cked c ked Black o o owg he echge of a pa of Rook d ow eplo h Kg poo o foce a daw a folow ! ! cx 7 ! ! f c 9 c d d 3 3 Drw Back g ae o euaze he cPaw al gh u Whe Kg c e peveed om cog Black paw or
52
K Kht ht 60 . Kc6 Kc6 6 1 Kc4 Kc4 Kb6 Kb6 62 d3 Kb 63 Kc2 Ka4 Ka4 64 Kb2 wth elemetry daw. Thee s o qesto that hte s better the follow posto, L Potsc Potsch h T Peos Peos 1 974 Cdd Cddat ates es Matc Match, h, Ge Ge 12, 1 2, aer aer Blacks 1 st move move te te s p a passed b-Paw
Nevetheless, Black shold be able to hold the draw, becase hs Rook has the deal actve locato so that he c both watch e bPaw d meace e Ksde paws whle also the reat of lato by hs K shold keep hte's K hoest. Play coted: bS h4! 3 h4 6 4 b6 ! SS 4
Obvosly e oly oly w w the K K es to to help help the bPaws advce ss R! The Th e st acc accra racy cy The Ro Rook ok stood well we ll eoh; eoh; t was the the tha that e eed eded ed act actva vato to ths ths - . K4 K4 6 R8 Kh4 Kh4 7 7 Kc Kc Rc2 8 Kd6 Rd2 9 Kc7 Rc2 60 Kb8 R 61 b7 Rb2 62 Kc7 63 b8 Q b8 b8 64 Rb Rb88 f4 6 Kd6 Kd6 66 Ke 67 R K3 68 Ke4 K2, d t s hte who eeds to force the draw wth eer 69 Ke3 o 69 R8 6 R8! Rb 7 cS Rc 8 4 Rb 9 RS 4!!
53
Only Only so so the Kig Kig must must be kept kept active. active. s poted out by verbh this is the oy way to draw O couse this is nowhee as smple to see as w the coect way back on ove 55 ven so the passive 59 .. Ke6? seems iherently hopeless d in the the game game Black lost quick quicky y 60 Kc5 Rc2+ 6 Kb5 Kd6 62 Ka6! Ka6 ! Kc6 63 Ra Rc4 64 b7 Rb4 Rb4 65 R R + Kd7 66 Rc8 Bla Bl ack esig esigs. s. Note how the active Kig was victorious ove the passive one. 60 R4! 3!!
To enable Black to reach the stalemate draw at the end ite's h-Pawn must be allowed to live 61 c5 6 Rb4! Rb4! 63 b4 f4 64 b7 65 b8 Drw
Q
The fPawn on the 7 with the King to protect t is a theoretical draw draw The blockaded hPawns do not aect this this consi considerat deratiion on Some virtuoso King activity alows ite to hold the ollowig ineri inerior or Queen Queen d Pawn Pawn endge endge P. Kees - Tov Tov Zuric Zurich h Cdidat Cdidates es Toame Toament nt 9 5 3 ae ae Black Black's 's 3 st move
eect Back is up the passed e-Pa sice s two Queenside pawns pawns easily easily hold te's three pans there. there. Note how ite's Kng rst holds up any ivasion by Black's Queen d then itsel goes on attack to secure a perpetu check draw 3 d!
Cenaliation
54
3 4 33 Q Q A .. Q6? 4 Q gx ! 6 g4 g6 7 4 atv ng aay ms a sght us o Wh. 34 Q 3 3! Q3 Wh th thr rat atn n 6 Q2 . . g6 s s o no h baus o 6 Q2 7 Q8+ 36 f4 37 ! Drw Th s no asonab way to vnt tua hk .g. 7 . 8 Q£+ t
Fo a aa monsaton o how to ght bak a hoss a ng ng oson oson wa wah h th ay ay om om B Amos Amos Ms Ms w Yok n nat atona ona 976 97 6 a Wh's 49h mov.
Bak s a a own h ss th no omnsaon o that Moov hs hPawn s ve wak at th vy ast h w hav o aow Wh a mnous ass hPawn hPawn . Howv 49 ! v say a a a 0 B£? B£? 1 Bxh? Bx h? 4 4 Bak Bak obtans obtans xnt hs hs o o at as a aw aw . Tho Tho Wt Wt mus mus mobz hPawn mmay s aows Bak o xhg o hs hPawn ah th os ought. 4 hx4 hx4 1 1 Nx4 Nx4 7! 7! h c 3 h6 ! 4 h7 7 Nh6
55
Black s on the vege of sct coterplay so that Wte's "sghtfow" attempt to a pece by queenng hs h-Pawn wll be t. It was was pea peatv tvee to to keep out Black' Bla ck'ss King wth 5 5 Ke ! Bb l 5 6 a a ! Whte Whte th then en shou shou sa saegu egu s ePa ePa w 57 B5 move s g to a sae squre then pocee wth Nh6 N£ to w Blacks B shop. As alway always s ce s requre requre but e utate wn s thee! Aer the over-eager text Black obtans su cent efensve resoces to eke out a spsng raw ! N 7 N6 A very very unplet unplet chge chge of plans pla ns for for te. te . There s less le ss th no te for the tene 57 h8 ? Bxh8 58 Nxh8 because aer 58 .. Bxa2 59 .. Bxb Blacks a-Pawn s worth more th Whte's out-of-the-ge out-of-the-ge ght Beer 57 h8 ? s 57 a4? as aer the capte of both pawns Black's g wll be place less favorably on a4 a4 th on on b (or b4 n e abo above ve note Even so Black hs at at least equal chces 7 8 N7 N7 ! Obvously Black s not gog to exchge ueense pas wth 5 8 . . Bxb Bx b?? ??.. If we compe compe the the post poston on aer the text move move wth wth that ust a few moves eler t s cle that Black has mae gt ses tows th thee aw. aw. He has ae hs "use " useles less" s" Paw Pawn n for for Whte's vauable a-Pawn Whte's b-Pawn s now wek Black's g has excellent actve locaton hoverg over t subsequent alyss alyss mos an I were not able to y for Whte. Whte's next moves e qute logca he protects hs -Pawn wth e Bshop then moves hs Kg over to gur e bPaw 6 3 ! Black's lght sque bshop heas back to sst hs Bg7 copng wth e h-Pawn 61 3 6 8! 63 N8 8 Black's efensve pl s to leave hs Kng Be8 where they e tempo back fort forth h wth wth hs Bh8. Bh 8. He oesn oesn't't ha have ve to worry worry about the opposte-color Bshop enge aer 64 N£ Bx£ 65 Bx£ s Black's Kg wll always be able to get back to the gse gs e to prevent prevent peneaon by Whte' Whte'ss Kg Kg Black Black c also
56
hld th ty f sitcl Bish ndgs which sult a a Ng6 by hit a th xchg . Bxg6 g6 Blacs Kng nd maining Bish abl t blcad hits g-awn nd h-awn 6 S 6 N!
Tid ut a th lng nn-st (th was n adj unt at v v 4 0) hit hit blds blds lwing l wing immdi immdiat at daw. daw. Evn s th is n m win. A m nting n f th tw tw sit-cl Bish ndgs discussd abv hits nly h is t qun his ha ha sta stating ting with 6 6 Bg6 B g6 This allws Blac t g a hits -awn hwv d achiv daw fllws 6 . Bg7 66 N£ Bc6 67 h Bh 6 Nxh Bx4+ 69 Kb2 Kb2 Bd3 d Blac Blac with with 70 . 3 2 wil win bac his ic d hav cmlt qualit 6 o c6 66 3 Dw
A 66 . . Bb+ 67 Kc2 Bc6 ni sid has anything btt thn thn t at at h h sitin wi 6 Kd3 Kd 3 Bb Bb tc.
57
C T E R 4
King Ac A c tivi o r the De Deene
ince the Kin is powel d mobile in the endame, sendin it on a defensive defensive assinment is a loical loical th to do ch se s e of the Ki Ki in i to hold an inf i nfeio eio positi posi tion on fo fo a daw daw is of couse, ouine and does not eqie y y belaboin of the point. point. A typic exple is the followin I Csom Csom A. Gos Goszp zpete ete, , Bdape Bdapest st 1 98 98 ae ae Whies 34th move.
White does have the ee and moe activ activee position; the only poen poen tialy vneable point in Blacs position howeve is the d-Pawn. Theefoe Blac shes his Kin ove to safed it 34 K7 35 Ne Kf6 36 N h6 37 KeJ Re7 38 Rd6 Rc7 39 R/ld4 K 4 Kd3 Ke8 41 Kc3 Rh7 Drw
The daw daw ae aeemen ementt is quite ustied sti ed With Blacs Blac s dPawn dPawn safe safe,, ite has no meaninl atacin pospects
58
Of geate teaching impce is the utilizan f the active Kng f defensive pupses in de t hep bing aut umate vict. F instance, cnside the situan f I. Csm - L . Bcza Bczay y Budapest Budapest 97 97 ae ae Blacks 3 0th mve. u ue, e, ite i s ahead ahead a pased pased aPawn But hw t d smething smething with it? Back's Back' s Rks have a ttal gip n the ale d Wtes Rks must emain n the secnd secnd k t gud gud the aPa aPawn wn Wite cmes cmes up with insct insctive ive winni winning ng meu meuve ve: : he sends sends his King King t b l with the a-Pawn sucienty ptected, Wtes pieces can then becme cdinated f f atta attack ckng ng pup pupse sess he game cntinu cntinued ed
31 K! f6 3 4 K 33 K! R 34 K! R 3 N S 36 N 37 Kc! 4 3 N S 3 K! R 4 Rc
Black thea heate ten ned 40 Rbxb Rbxb33 ! (4 b3?? RaJ Ra J mate. mate. Back Back shuld nw t t etan the stat status us qu with 40 Ra Ra The cming cming pening f the ge wks ut in Wte's fav. 4 6! 41 R! R 4 x6 R6 43 RS R 44 N3 K7 4 4 R 46 Kc! With its nctin n b cmpleted, the King selects a use cea
lcatin 46 K7 47 K! R 4 S! Kc7 4 R R SO RJ Kc6 SI Kc 6
Wites exa passed a-Pawn is a pwe d with a f Wtes pieces haiusly haiusly pace Back has has n satisf satisfact act def defense ense.. By
5
g for complctios Blck hstes the ed good dvice s oexistet, however 2 f4 3 xf4 4 4 b4! cxb4 SS Nxb4 Rxb4 6 R4 R 7 RS Rb6 R6 Kxd6 9 cS c6 c6 60 cxb6 xb6 61 R2 K7 62 3 ck rei
Blck hd seed 62 Re but resied without resumg pl. Aer 63 d4 folowed b etc, hite's w s elemet hte hs scrced pw to rrve t V. Tukmk mkov - B Gul Gulko ko,, 977 USSR hpioship er hte's 24th move
The immedte ret of course, s 25 R+, d er somethg lke 24 . g6?, hite h excellet chces for geig both of s Rooks cve o the 7th rk er 25 Nc4 Bxc4 26 lxc4 However Blck extiguishes hite's hopes b hvig the g pcipte i the defese of both the dP d the secod rk 2 4 • ! 2 Nc4 xc4 26 R/7xc4
Aer 26 R/lxc4 e Blck tretes to p the forwd Rook with 27 d followed b 2 Nc6 2 6 e! e! 27 2 7 R/1c2 ! 2 2 2 S 29 RS Rb 30 dS
hte ies to brig brig bout bout some complictios Otherwise Otherwise Bl Bl ck exchges pr of Rooks with 30 R d pushes the P to victor 30 •• exS! ex S! 31 xS NxS 32 RxdS R 33 Rc4 4! 4! 34 3 4 Rh h6 3 R4 R6! 36 R7 Rb3 37 Rh7 3 3 R/xh6 R7!
60
th bo Rook o e dvce of e P ed. 3 R7! e cee 39 2?? ed to w fo hte: 40 Rh8+ c7 41 d7+ Kd7 42 Rh7+ foowed by 43 7. 7 i te ee 4 R but eed eed wout wout co coug ug vew of the foow oow g g v v t to: o: 4 . . . 2 42 4 2 Rc3+ d6 d6 43 h6+ e7 44 Re3+ 45 R g7 46 3f6 d6!. Bck hd hd co code det ty y med med fo fo e poo beow A A otov - S Rehevk Rehevky y Zc Zch h Cddte Cddte To Toet et 953 95 3 er er Bck 5 1 t move e expecto t popect fo g te' P gve the upe upeo o chce Yet coupe of de move by hte g how jut e oppote to be e
! Bet Ifeo e both (1 52 . Nxg3? 53 N+ e7 54 Nxg5 d the beo of the Bck ght w reqe e cce of e hPw hPw d (2 52 . . Nc3? 53 d3 Nb Nb 54 c2 c2 Nxa Nxa33 + 55 55 b2 56 K g3 57 N+ e7 58 Nxg5 (Brote d hte w. 53 x x Nx N Ag og ce te' g c p p the Kght. Requed w 54 Nxg3 55 N! Nf+ 56 d3 e5 57 e5+ e5 58 Nd
f 59 Nc3 0 Nxa Nxa ! ! Ke2 Nd2 Nd2 2 Nxc (St (Stlbe lberg rg wth a draw SS NS N d3! N3 7 S!
It s pot ot to allow Blacks Kght to ee tsel as aer 57 Kc3? b5 5 c5 Kd5 59 c Kd 0 Kb2 Nc Nxc bxc 2 b5 Kc7 the th e g d Paw Paw edg edgee s da da Ae the text move 57 .. Kc5 s met by 5 Nd7 Kb 59 Nxb Kb3 0 Nxa Nxa Ther Theref efor ore e eshevs eshevsky ky decdes to sacrce sacrce hs h s ght fo two pas but hte's actve Kg easly ces the day 7 NS cS cS N S Nd 1 c! S fS cS 3 d c3 S 7 cS! 7 dS! Bck i
62
C TE R S
The King as a Generally Useful Piece The sile mst impat feel hat I wt t imp t the eade is t have he dese as if y secd atue t make sme use f e Ki i he ede. ede. F istce dt just what ca I d with my Rk ( Bishp, pa[s] etc. ut equay what c I d wih my K t make it me use i the pay t cme? P f e time eea useess is what is ivlved. M . Vuk Vukcc - A. Kpv Kpv Bu Buj 97 97 ae ae White Whites 4 1 st mve mve Wht Whtee h the me active psiti d Blacks Ki the secd ak may ut t e awkwa awkwadl dly y placed. placed. Yet te te hw hw eily Kv achieves a pefectly sd psi
The paw mach will a sme space f Back he Kside ad the K wil mve up ehd its pas t a cmfae d use lcai 41
63
4 h! 43 h3 h! 44 N3 f4! 4 Q
Ae 5 Nd5 Blck g l eqty wt 5 .. g. 4 Qx 4 Nx 3! 3! 4 7 x x3 3 4
Blck g h ove to the cet ed Wte ght wy d gve Blck tot eqty. 49 x3 1 x3 N3 7 3 N 4 N Nf Nf4 xf4 xf4 7 N D
If the bove edg the t g cvt w moty ge the ext exple exple the eed moe pecc pecc Te poo poo beow be ow oe o e e e Blck Blck 6th 6th move move B Spky Spky A pov Cddte Mtch Ge 6.
Blck cely bee bece he c to w te dvced dPw dPw te' te' dwg chce deped o gettg couteply d exchgg pw o tht he c ech theoe cly dw poto though pw dow To cheve th h Kg mut do t p p Coect the theef efoe oe : 47 !
Helpg to hold bck both Bck ePw d Kg the ge Whte plyed 7 b d lot follow . e Rd O Rb3 Kxd6 Kxd6 bx5 bx5 bx bx55 50 d5 5 e3 e3 Rc5 Rc 5 5 2 R3 Ke5 53 Rb3 Rd5 5 Rc3 Rd3 w wo g d Pw edge Botv Botv k) k) . Ke5 Ke5 Rdl Rdl b 50 Rb Rb Rc3+ Rc3+ 5 Rd3 52 d7 d 53 Rxb Rd6 5 Ke3 Rd3+ 55 e2 R te
64
ess ess Aer Aer 5 6 Rb Rb66 Ra Ra Whe i s defe defenseless nsel ess ans ans e o 57 . Kf. Kf. 7 R ! Rx Rx R3 R R
Ae 9 . Rd Rd 50 b b Rf Rf e mus play play e av avee 5 1 Ke3 o daw daw Los Los s 5 K3 K 3 ba ba 5 Rb6+ Kd5 d Blaks a av vee K wll le o a wn SO S xS 1 RS R3 R 3 RxS Rx w a eoeal daw, as ven by Bo. Of ourse ourse Bla Bl ak k s sill sill ber, bu he ol old d w or or lay. Noe e bi bi dieren dierenee beween is oson d a n e e ere e sill is a-Pawn Some reve pr ou wi a le saei urpose, be sn he play as om H. olf olf - A Alek Alekh h e e lsbad lsbad 1 93, 93 , aer aer We Wess 3 s move. move.
e s down a pawn pawn d as a loked Bsop. Bsop . Neveeless e seems o ave se u eeve blokade, us o o queson Blaks oenial wn. As Alekie Alekie demonsaes, e e key o is o bek e blokade, d for is Blaks Kn is o play e majo majo ol ole e 31
hS! 3
A 3 5 Alekhe ves he follow w 3 . 5 33 5 B5 3 6 K6 35 3 5 e5 , wi e pass passed ed h-Paw h-Paw deisive. 3
x 33 xhS !!
65
Ag Ag fo he bockad bockadeb ebek ekg g e sque sque Ae 33 Kxh5 Kxh5 3 K he he Whe Kg's ace ace d blockad blockadg g ocao ay ay wel yeld a daw. 34 h 6
If 3 K e Kg wl be chased back wh 3 8 d e ae 35 Kg Back aga plays 35 .. Ke. 34 6! 3 R 36 R6 B i i
e e 3 7 Rxh wl w l chase away he Rook wheeupo wheeupo 3 . wl do he se o Whes Kg leag Black wh a decse aea d posoal supeoy Ad ow fo a leghe exple of akg good use of he Kg ho houg ugho hou u edge edge We ew V Bago Bago Y. Rae Rae Bku Bku SSR) 1977, ae e's 2h oe
Though uch aea sl eas e lack of dec dge o he espece Kgs es ha he poso c be cosdeed edge es. Geealy speakg speakg Black Black has a heahy ada adaa age ge he has he supeo pa foao geae space d pospece aa aackg ckg chces aog he f-e - e.. Sl whou good Kg ulza o o uch c be ache acheed ed Theefoe Theefoe 4 7 !
W he followg saegc p d: he Kg wll go o h o whee wl poec poec boh e Bshop B shop d h-Paw h-Paw Ths Ths wl be
66
followed by placing the Rh8 on d maneuvering the ght to e5 Bla Bl ack wl then have excelent excele nt ata atack ckg g foa foati tion on.I.In n the comg play hte defends as wel as possbe for stce now nferor s 5 Kfl ?! 6 6 Ke1 Rh wth a huge edge for Black h3! h! Rg Re!
Someth Somethng ng of a cha chang ngee n pls. pls . Black Bla ck es e s to chase chase the Whte g away om ts h3 7 Rcg e8 8 Nf 7 9 h Ng4 30 xg4 hxg4 31 Ne3 g!!
Wh ths d the followng Kng move Black neues Whte's atack aganst the gPawn. 3 g3 h! 33 Rb b 34 4! Re7 3 bx 3 Rb7 R 37 Rx7
Aer 37 Nf5 Ruvaev demonsates he folowng w 37 Rx 38 Rxd7 R 39 Rh3 40 Kg1 Rb8 41 Rg3 Rb1 4 Kg Rhh1! 37 4 38 h 39 1 xh4 40 R Rf
eor just before time conol whch Whte coud have exploted wth he acve acve 4 1 Rh Rh Kg5 4 Rh7! Rh 7! wh good good draw drawig ig chces chces Coect Coect w 40 . . Rb8 Rb8 as subs subseq eque uent ntly ly payed payed n the ge. 41 R7 R 4 R Rb8! 43 Rh
Equaly unsat unsatsf sfacto acto s s 43 Rxd6 Rb 1 44 h (44 N e3! e3 ! ) 44 44 Kg5 Kg5 ! w wh h the tre treat at 45 . . Rh7. Rh7. 43 g 44 Rx Rb1 4 g g3 ! 46 Rg Rxf Rxf ! 47 Kxfl Bh3 45 N g3 4 • Rb 4 g1 3 47 R g3! 48 fxgJ Rxh 49 h R 0 g1 Re! 1 RxJ Hopel Ho peles esss too too s 5 1 Nf Nf etc. 1 eJ R g3 3 f4! Whie eig
67
CHTER 6
Tech ec hn ica ica Kin King g Mo Mo vem vem ent
S
1
Opp sit n
The most mpot sgle cocept of K d P edges s at of "opposo." Take a look at he posto below otg that he Kgs are opposte each other.
For the teccal meag of "opposto" to apply however he Kgs Kgs must must be sepa sepated ted by odd ber ber of squa squaes: es : 1 3 o 5 A sepao by 2, 4 o 6 squares has o pacular meag f " opposo" s coced coced Above we have exple exple of etical opposto oppos to Ths s the mo commo type The ohe ohe types e horzotal d the farly re diagonal I chess es that ide i aid to hae "oppoition hich i NO o move. ths posto f
68
it is tes move Black ha the oppoto Coespodgy if ts acks move Whte ha the oppoto I cebod stua
it is tes move Black ha the oppoto Coespodgy if ts acks move Whte ha the oppoto I cebod stua tos it s aways aways fa favorabe vorabe to have the oppos opposio io.. ere his fa factor is the decisve oe i decidg the resut of he ge A) Black o move (i.e te has the opposo) 1 . Kd8 Kd 8 d7 Kc7 3 Ke7 Ke7 Whie Whie wis ) Whte o move (ie ack has the oppostio): 1 d7 Kd8 Kd6 eme t is very impoat to kow kow that Kig ad Paw Paw vs. g edges type of posto show above The away come dow to the type utimate resut he s depedet o who is o move The ext two exampes usate the basic methods of achevg e desired desired resut resut whe oe has has the opposito. opposito. The positio positi o beow is a 1 95 9522 edge edge sudy sudy by by J Moravec te to pay ad w
K h4!
Te best best Aer Aer 1 Kd7 Kd7 2 Kg3 Ke6 3 K Kxh5 Kf6 5 g Kg7 6 Kg5 ite h he he oppositio ad is se to acheve our our basic positio wth ack o move Kg ! !
Ufo Ufou uat ate ey y the the rou routi tiee 2 K K s met by 2 . h3 ! ! wh wh a draw draw a) 3 gx3 Kd7 and the ack Kg gets to wth a book draw
9
b) 3 4 Kd7 4 K3 K6 5 K 6 4 K6 7 5 K7 5 Kh7 6+ K7 1 0 K5 K Th Th oy oy co co ct ct r rat at)) 1 Kf6 Kf6 K d Back Back has th oppo opposi sio o d d dr draw 1 2 7+ K 1 3 K6 stamat stamat This Th is t vao vao carly shows that that to hop to w w d Pa vs Ki ds th sor sd's K must lad i b i ot ot o its i ts paw paw hJ
A 2 Kd7 3 folowd by 4 3 d 5 Kh4 ivs a posto sml to that of th ot ar Backs rst mov 3 3
sta stad d 3 4? lows s s dra draw w dmo dmos sa atd td r r 2 K? K ? h3 3 4 3 K7 Kh K K hJ Kf Kf Kh
Not 6 K4? K6 d Black havi th oppositio draws K 7 K
t h th oppositio d wis 7 Kh K K7 9 K Kh7 1 Kf Kf Kh Kh 1 1 Kh7 1 K 13 K Kh 1 Kh7 1
Kp d th cocpt of opposito aows it to draw om s posio
1
70
Rotine ply i s hopeess Kc2? K4 2 K2 K2 (2 e5 ? Kxe5 ! 3 K3 K5! 2 Ke4 3 Kc3 5! 4 K2 K4 n Blck hving the opposition wins. .. x c!! Estblishing istt verticl opposition is the ony wy to rw osing is 2 Kc2? Kc4! 3 K2 K4! 4 Ke2 Ke4! etc . !
Rotin Rot inee i s 2 . . e4?! 3 K2 wit with h rw Ae Aer 2 . Kc4 3 Kc2 Kc2 i t i s ite who h the opposition c rw 3 ... K4 4 K2 Ke4 5 Ke2 3 !!
Reting istant verticl opposion hols he rw. g moves ose. 3 . 4 4 ! 4 Dw
Al other
The best tht Blck c get is the type o position sho in our st exple, where hte will hve the opposition thereore rw. he concept o opposition is o recrring importance prctical reltiv tivel ely y simpe illustr illustrt tio ion n is i s om L. Espig nkiov nkiov,, py. A rel V 976, Blck's 53r move
Thogh ite is p psse Pwn it s not possible to exploit ths ctor iectly e.g 54 Kg6 Kg8 55 K 56 K6?? stlemte
71
To win, the pwn must be sed soey for purposes of hevng the opposton 54 !!
The fy 54 Kg7 s pred by the "ex fy" 55 56 Kf6 et
Q
55 K!
Wte hs the opposton nd therefore wns sne B t prevent peneton by the Whte Kng. 55 Ke7 56 Kg6 Ke8 57 Kf Kf6 Back eig
Aer 57 . Kd7 5 8 K et Wte Wte wns the the dPwn dPwn and and the gme. A whoe seres of opposton opponties ou n the py ars arsg g o o the the posto poston n beow beow L Ro Rou uhe he - S We, We, New Yor Yor 1977, er B's 55th move
B hd sried pee to get ths poston, n the oet expeton tht, er wnnng t b he w hve the better Kng and Pwn endgame beuse hs Kng hs peneted nto Wtes poston. post on. Note tht the Queensde Queensde pwns pwns re essenty xed; ths the qeston of opposton w detene whether B w be be to wn wn or whether Wte n hod ho d Py went went 56 Kc
O.K but perhps smper s the ine dsovered by Fred Sorensen: 56 Ng3 K K (Equvent s 56 . K 57 Nf5! g3 58 Kd2! g2 59 Nh4 K 6 Nxg2 Nxg2 Kxg2 Kxg2 6 6 Ke2 Ke2 Wte Wte s the horizon horizont t
72
oppo oppoo o for h hee dra draw ) 57 5 ! g3 58 Kd ! ! g 59 Nf4 Nf4 g g Q 60 Nh3+ Kg 6 Ng Ng Kg Kg l 6 Kel wh Whe aga aga hav hav g g he he horzo horzo oppoo d d e draw draw.. Whe' 58h 5 8h ad 5 9h move gaed e empo reqed o acheve he oppoo. 5 3 57 5 N3 l keepg he draw hd ye mkg e job more dfcul. More accuae wa wa 58 5 8 Kb3 Kb3 ! d oly oly ae aerr 58 . . Kc l 59 Ng3. The Black Kg oe que her om he Kgde d h gve e uce me o acheve o oppoio hu 59 .. Kd 60 Nh5 Ke 6 Kc K 6 Kd g3 6 Ng3 g3 64 Ke3! I f ow 64 Kg Kg 6 5 Ke Ke ec. c. d d a aer 64 64 . . Kg4 6 5 Ke Ke ! Wh he e ha dagoa oppoo d c fo h io horzoal or vecal oppoo e.g. 65 . Kf4 66 K! Ke4 67 Ke 5 59 c ereg aave draw o e up he d horzoal oppoo om e ale: 59 Kb3 59 Ka ao work) 59 K 60 N N g3 6 Ng3 Ng3 Kg Kg33 6 Ka3 Ka3 ! ! or ore ee e) ) Two Two pobl pobl e e e: .) 6 ... . K 63 Kb Kb Ke Ke 64 Ka ! W Wh he e mu u ay off off h hee ce where he doe have eough meuverg room) 64 . . . Kd Kd 65 Kb Kb ! Kd Kd 66 Kb Kb Kd3 Kd3 67 Kb3 Kb3 ec ec ) 6 . K 63 Kb3! No 63 Kb? becaue of63 . K! d o 63 Ka Ka? beca becau uee of 63 . Ke ! ) 63 K 64 Kb ec 59 N Fly h hee log move. move . oec wa he he mehod mehod gve he oe oe o e 5 6 6h h move move 60 5 ! g3 6 K! K ! • 3 1 Nx3 x3 c Whe o a he wl o be able o preve Black om gag hee oppo h oppoo o eg e g 6 Kd3 K 63 Kd Kd K K ! 64 Kdl Ke3; Ke 3; 64 Kd3 Kel Ke l ) No beer beer 6 Kb3 K 63 6 3 Kb K ! ad Bla Bl ack w w h ha o havg he d oppoo. However fau faul ly y would be 63 . . Ke3? becaue of 64 K3! d 63 .. Ke? becaue of 64 K! boh cae Whe draw Whe alo ha o me for 63 Ka3 becaue
73
63 . Ke3! (dstat opposto) ws: 64 Kb2 Kd3; 64 Kb3 Kd3; 64 K2 Ke2 6 63 b e3 64 a e
Gag the dstat hozotal opposto s the nly way to w Ae the cosstet 64 Kd2? te daws wth 65 Kb2 e g. 65 . Ke3 66 Ka3 , ad t s ow Whte who h the opposto 65 a3 a3 d d ! 66 b3
66 Kb2 Kd2, d Blac ws. 66 . c ie resigns If Blac so chooses chooses he c w w al al thee thee of Whte Whte s paws excel excel et exple of the powe of the acte Kg whe t obtas the opposto! SC 2 Trilaton The te "Kg tgulato" efes to the Kg mg a "agu l" r od ts locato oder to ae ag at ts stg pot, but a posto a moe behd behd ts oppoet The pupose of gulato s to ge the moe to the oppoet d s of sg cce oy zugzang postos post os Tgulato Tgulato s oly megl megl whe the "tagulatg" Kg has moe maeueg oom th ts coutep The followg exples wll cl ths absact sod g det de to o The geatest eff effect of successl gulato occus Kg d Paw edgmes. scte case s show the followg ollowg compo compost sto o (Fe 1 94 1 )
7
Thugh hite is a pawn up Ba's prteted passed -Pawn appes t ensure e draw s it seems t prevent ativity by hite's Kg. Kg . Nevertheess Neverthee ss by sme aura aurate te King mneuvers inudin in uding g tw ga gatins hite get s pans t the sixth ran. ran. Then Then hite's g wi wi in in its pawns pawns fr fr a mati matig g at ata a hite pays d wins fws 1 4 g4 4 3 3 g4 4 4 Kh f f4!
The imediate furher adve f hite's pans is nw assured. Nte Nt e that m here hite's hite' s King s ath the the -Pawn. g6 6 g4 g7 7 ! h6
ite's pawns nw appe sty stye ed d f Ba B a hweve had t mve again again i this psiti psitin n te's te' s pawns ud ud adve There There fre Whites King ianguates t ahieve this psitin with Ba t mve 8 4! g 9 ! Kh6 1 0 f f4 g7 g7 1 1 g 1 g6 g6 f f6!
Agan B a seems t have stpped he pawns pawns But ne mre inguain fres fres B B a a t give up n n f f his ey f f sque. squ e. 13 3! g7 14 4! f6 1 f4! g7
Aer Aer 5 Ke Ke i ite te wins wins as fws 1 h Kf Kf 1 7 h7 Kg7 Kg7 1 8 Kf5 Kf5 3 1 9 Ke Ke 2 2 0 h8 = Q Q Kxh8 Kxh8 2 1 K fwed wed by 22 g7 et. 16 g! 17 6 g8 g8 1 8 f f6 c c 1 9 h7 h7 h8 h8 0 cl = Q 1 g7 7 7 g8 g 8 = Q 6 6 3 3 Qg6 Ma
The ative King wn The useess f King inguatin may nt appear as bvius fr ther endges but en is equay appiab ppiabe e Cnsider st the psiti psitin n n the the next next page page Szi - M Btv Btvi ii i USSR US SR 1 929 Ba Ba n mve. mve. hite's psiin is mst preius yet at the mment he is hging n by by a hread I f hite was n mve here hwever Ba B a ud u d me deisive prgress. prgress. Theref Therefr ree Bvini stas t ianguate
7
Kd2! 2 Bh2 Allowing Allowi ng the n line The ate ateaative was 2 K Kd3 ! 3 h2 Ke4 ow 4 Kg3 Ke3 5 g Ke2 leads to the ge contination, wheea wheeass 4 g3 g 3 leads to a otin otinee loss ae ae 4 f4 5 h2 Kf5 Kf5 ! 6 g 1 g3+ 7 K h 2 Kel! 3 Bgl Ke2! The anglation is sccesslly copleted and Wite on ove st give gond If now 4 Kf4, lacks King penetates the Kingside 4 Kf 5 h2 Kg 4 Bd4 f4+! And now the f-Pawn can advce snce ie's ishop IS no onge gding the h2 se 5 2 6 Kgl + Even siple is 6 g3 Bx h2+ he esgns Ae 8 K2 Kx 9 lack wins with 9 Kg3
Meaningl oppotnities fo iglation ofen exist at hi e ate ateia iall leves also also W Hennebege Hennebege - A iowitsch, iowitsch, Winteh 1 93 1 ae ae Wte Wtess 48th 4 8th ove, shows shows a class classcc case case of the the good g ood Knit vs he bad shop shop eve evetheless, theless, the position s so block aded ade d that that it it is diclt dic lt to see whee whee lack la ck c pene peneaate To ke ke pogess lack will have to esot to two tinglations
76
The rst tem on Black's agenda s to acheve the dagr poson wh Whte to to move ote that Black has two access access sques om whch hs Kng c get to d5 Whte has only one square om wch to reach e3 e 3 . Ther Theref efor oree Black h easy ce of angulaton angulaton 48 •• Kd6! 49 Ke2 Kc6! 50 Ke3 Kd5 51 Ke2 Nd6 52 Ke3 Nb5 53 Bd2 Na3 54 Bl
Forced, as 54 Bel? allows a hopeless Kg d Pawn endge ae ae 54 . Nc2 Nc2 55 Ke2 Nxel Nxe l 5 6 Kxe Kxe Ke4 57 Ke2 Aer Aer the the text however Whtes Bshop wll soon be stemated 54 ... Nbl Nb l ! ! 55 Bb2 a3 56 Bat Kd6! Kd6! 57 Ke2 Ke2 Kc6! Kc6! 58 5 8 Kd Kd
er 58 Ke3 Kd5 Black's Kg gets to e4 ad then sll farther . If Wte res to angulate mself wth 58 K, Black's Kght s eed and he wns wth 58 . d2 (59 Ke2 Ne4; 59 Kg b3!) Wnnng the Knght s the best ry 58 • Kd5 59 Kc2 Ke4 60 Kbl K 6 Bb2
As Whte s playng wthout the Bshop, Black would wn ely on the ngsde ngs de.. Therefore Therefore the text text s the ony ony chce but Bla Bl ack sll wns by a tempo 6 1 ... .. . axb2 62 62 a4 Kg3 Kg3 63 63 a5 Kh2! 64 a6 g3 65 a7 g2 66 a8 Q gl Q+ 67 Kxb2 Qg2+! 68 Qxg2+ gl Q+ 69 Ka3 K 70 Kb4 Kf4 Kf4 71 c4 Ke3 72 d5 exd5+ exd 5+ 73 73 Kd5 Kd 5 f4 f4 74 c4 75 c5 76 76 c6 = Q Whie resigns
77
the Rk ad Pa edg
el el I. v
V Cheh
the Rk ad Pa Pa edge edge el el I. vv vv - V Chehv, Chehv, Vladvtk SSR 17 aer Black' 40 mve te h t advtage advtage the acve Rk d e uperr uperr p p fat. at . Yet Black jut ale t preve prevett y medate medat e dge. Seeg at at Black preetly h the pum pece cgurat te frm the fllg pl t gve Black the mve Trgula ll d e j
41 R6 RS 42 K
Premature the medate 42 ?, a Black get gd cuter play aer 42 . Rd 43 Rc Rd3 44 R Ke 45 R e4 4 e4 Rg3. 42 RdS 43 Ke3 Rd3+ 44 Ke2 RdS 4S R6
M M accm accmplhed plhed - Bla Bl ack frced frced t deac deactv tvat atee h Rk 4S Rd7 46 RS R7 47 e3 R6 48 4
Pave defee al hpele 4 . R 4 f4! Kg4 50 Re g3 g3 5 1 Rg+ Rg + Kh4 52 Rg, Rg, d d e pae paed d f-Pa f-Pa ll ely, ce Black' Kg rema cut ff e h-le. 49 g4+ hxg4 SO xg4+ K6 51 Ke4
Keepg Keepg the g act actve ve 51 xc3 52 xc3 R1 53 R6+ K 54 KxeS Rh1 SS Rc7+ Ke8 56 K6 Rxh4 57 c4 Back esgns
78
CHPTER 7
Vari ar iou ou Important rtan t A ctiviti tiviti S
1.
Preventing Threats
There e all ds of potetal teats d there e a lge umber of Kg movemets possble to deal wth them Perhaps e smplest oe s the det defesve move to p y ovet theat stve exmple s oered by the play sng om Gottshal S Tash Tash Nuremberg 1888 aer Whtes 79th move
Even though Bla has oly to pas for the pee he has a sgt advtage beause Whtes Kght s og but a defe sve pee d Ba reate oeted passed paws on e Quee Queesd sdee wth wth a5 d b4. b4. Bla Bl as atv atvel ely y plaed plaed Quee Quee s oth advtage, d to eep wg prospets he doest wt to allow exhge At the momet, therefore, Whte has a dete dete teat 80 Q , d f 80 . Qxb Qxb l , 8 1 Q wth wth a pep pepet etua uall h he
79
dra dra Theref Therefore the edat edatee 79 . . a5 a 5 ? s fa faulty ulty because the endg endge e aer aer 80 Q ! Qxa? Qxa? 8 Nx b4 b4 82 Nc2 s at bet onl dran for Blac Black k Tasch asch pes Whte's threat th the defensve 79 . Kg7! 80 Qa3
Not tg o be sohered o deah aer 80 . a5 etc, Whte es hs luck th Queen actvty t ll out that Black's Kng can evade the checks; Whte's approach hoever, s no orse than thng else 80 . Qx Q xll 81 Qe7 Qe7 Ql+ Ql+!! 82 Ke3 Qel Qel + 83 K K Qxc3+ Qxc3+ 84 Kg2 Kg2 Qd2+ 85 Kh3 Qa5! 86 Q6+ K 87 Qh8+ Ke7 88 Q6+ Ke8! 89 Qh8+ Kd7 90 Q Qd8! 91 Qc5
Nothng sat sats ses es The Black Black Kng escapes escapes to sa safety fety aer aer 9 Qd6 Qd6 Ke8 92 Qc6 Qd7 9 Qa8 Ke7 94 Qh8 Qe8 95 Qf6 Kd7; aer 91 Qx£ Qe7 92 Qxh5 b4 the ee connected passed pans ll uph 91 Q8 92 Q4 Ke8! 93 Qc5 Q7 94 Qa3 4 95 Q 3 96 Qxh5 2 97 Qh8+ Kd7 98 Q l Q 99 Qx+ Kc6! lOO Qxe6+ K5 hie resigns
Preventon of teat(s b Kng aggressveness s deonsated n the the pla ars arsn ng g n A. Alekh Alekhe e R Fne, Ke Keer er 1 97, 9 7, aer aer Bla Bl ack's 1st ove
Black had hoped to get out of unpleasnt bnd by the use of taccs drected aganst Whte's Kng, d he no theatens both 2
80
. Nb3+ N b3+ ad 32 . Rxd5 Alekh Alekh ee hoeve hoever r s he he hed hed o he huer h 32 Kc3!
No 32 . Rxd5? loses a e�· e�·e aer aer 33 Kc4 Kc4 e gh gh ree ree 32 Nd7 Nd7 loses ma maer era all o o 33 3 3 Be7 Be 7 . Theref Therefore ore Blaks resose resose s forced d lekhe quckly s s ovehemg sace adv age io a 32 . b6 33 axb6 axb6 34 Bxc5! bxc5 35 b6! Nd6 36 Bd7!
Wh he la of 37 Bc6 38 b7 d 39 Ra8 No g o ess hs Black comms sucde 36 Rxd7?! Rxd7 ?! 37 R8+ R8+ Back Back resign resignss
The here s he dec-oe "seaky"ay of reveg a he hea a as sho e lay arsg rsg M Bovk Bovk - D. Brose Brose 1 95 1 World Cham Chamos os M ach ch Ge 5 aer Whes Whes 30 3 0h h move
A s glce may seem ha Whe has lle o or abou sce Blacks ford doubled d-Pa seems desed o be los. Moreover Blacks aem o rea a a adve by 30 . . Nxa los We a aro rox xma mae e equ equal al y y aer aer 3 1 Nxd5 Nxd5 3 2 Bxd5 Bxd5 33 Ne7 K£ 34 Nxd5 because Whe eaes 35 Ral 3 5 Nb6 3 5 Nc7 3 5 Rfl d her heref efor oree s s back back he a a eole eolessl ssly y Hoever Hoever Brosei has a devlshl devlshly y seaky seaky ay of reveg he hrea o hs dPa:
30 8 3 Re? Without e hepl zwischen-check on e7, it s out that Black's da daw is inoa inoate te 3 1 Nxd5? Nxd5 Nxd5 32 Bxd5 Bxd5 33 Rxd5 Rxd5 g6 34 Ne7 Ne3d te must choose between losing s Rook or his Kng Even so the text is so usasf usasfac acto tory. ry. Whte Wht e shoud save save his aaw aaw wth wth 3 a4! a4 ! , retai retaini ning ng fr fr prospects for for eventua eventua draw draw 3 Na3 32 Nd6 Bc6 33 Ra1 Nc 34 Ra6 d4 The ugy ugy doubled doubled pa pa has ha s deveoped deveoped into into a power If now no w 3 5 Bxc6 Black ns with 35 Nxb4 36 Ra8 a8 37 Bxa8 dxc3. 35 Ncb5 Bg 36 Kg Ng4 37 N There There is no defense defense Black also also has a winnig winnig aac aack k aer 37 Ne4 Nce3 38 38 h3 g5 g5 39 Nxg5 Nxg5 (39 Nxd4 Nxd4 R ! ! 40 Nx Nx Nx Nx mate ! ) 39 R 40 Rx2 4 Nh3 N. 37 d3 38 Rd6 Hopeess too is 38 Nc3 g6 39 Nd6 Nce3 40 Kh3 R 38 R 39 Rd7 Nce3+ Whie resigns resigns
the previous exples e threats were of the immediate tactica type ype Equally Equally impot impot is to prevent prevent the longer longer rge sategic sategic ones insuctive ce ises in the following position E. Gufeld Gavasheishvili USSR 977 aer Blacks 40 move
Though materia is even Whte has a winning advtage because he is going to push s pssed b-an to victory victory.. Blacks only
82
cance s o loosen up We's Kng poson y howng s Kingsde Kingsd e pawns fowad owad d en ope o pe ha e can aceve pepeual pepeual ceck We can w f e sees oug oug and and pevens pevens Blacks Blacks plan. plan . oweve: 41 b5? Boh Bo h ove ovee eag age e and and ca caeless Wng was was 4 Kg Kg w e e Kng soppg e pawns ong enough o allow e decsve mac of he -Pa 4 1 f4! 42 b6 e3! 43 fxe3 ! 44 Qd5+ e esulg esulg Queem nd Pa Pa endge s unwn unwnaale l e Moe cces wee off offeed eed y 44 Qg5 Q g5 Qx6 45 gx gx w e e lack lack of symmey e nees of e songe sde. 44 Kh7! 45 Qx Qxb6 46 Qf4 Qbl 47 e4 Qel 48 h4 Kg7 49 e5 Qc3 50 Qf6+ 7 51 Qe7+ Kg8 52 e6 Qe5+ Draw Black as a elavely easy pepeual ceck
SC 2 Mking Time Jus as s ue n e mddlegame so also n e endge e King s usel usel as a me-killg me-killg mecsm mec sm.. sually sually e e pospecs fo fomuang a concee plan e ee n e endge an n e mddlegame nd us he oppounes fo mkng me e coe spondgly spondgly fewe Neveeless Neveeless ey do occu d even wold campons do no esae o mak me wen sus e puposes Enlgenng Enlgenng n s espec s e couse of play fom fom e poson poso n on he nex page A. Alekne J R. Capalanc 92 Wold Campons Camponsp p Mac ame 4 4 ae Black's Black's 5 s move A s pon e mac Alekne needed one moe wn o ecome wold cpon Clely s poson a pa up s sgncanly sgncanly favoae voae Ye he paccal qeson always s ow o o ensure e wn Alekine now played
83
52 Rd5!? Alkhn characrs hs approach o h pay ovr h n n movs as follows "h ms us of vry oppouny y rp on of movs o gan m wh h clock, so as o avod a slp jus fo fo h capu capur r of h h l. l . o ha ha a a movs 52 5 2 5 h uss h h Rook for for hs; a movs 60 6 066 h Kng Kng prforms prforms hs fu funcon nc on.. 52 . . Rf6 53 Rd4 Ra6 54 Ra4 Kf6 55 K! Ke5 56 Ke3 h5 57 Kd3 Kd5 58 Kc3 Kc5 59 Ra2! Kb5 60 Kb3!? Kc5 61 Kc3 Kb5 62 Kd4! Th dnv wnng plan h Kng hads for h Kngsd o mnac mnac h h Black pawns pawns n h nsung nsung play Alkhn dos do s no no nd nd h asolul asoluly y fass fass wns, u u kps h gam n hand, anyw anyway ay.. f now 62 .. K4 h pays 6 Ra ! , 6 .. K alows h's Kng o g o h Qunsd wh 64 Kc5 62 .. Rd6+ 63 Ke5 Re6+ 64 Kf4 Ka6 65 Kg5! ReS+ 66 Kh6 R 67 f4 Wh coud coud hav pu Back no no ugwang y y rangulang rangulang wh hs Kng follows 67 Kg7 R 68 Kg8 Rf6 69 K R 70 Kg7 Rf5 7 f4 . 67 ... RS 68 Ra3 Rc7 69 Kg7 Rd 70 gxf5 7 Kh6 f4 72 gxf4 Rd5 73 Kg7 R 74 Ra4 Kb5 75 Re4! Ka6 76 Kh6! Rxa5 77 ReS! Ra 78 Kxh5 Rgl 79 Rg5 Rhl 80 R Kb6 8 Rx Kc6 82 Re7! Bac resgns resgns
84
sng the Kng for mng te so that the opponent s put nto
sng the Kng for mng te so that the opponent s put nto zugzwg zugz wg s qute mportan mportantt endgame endgame sat sategy egy he sophscated movement caled "angulaon was exed n deta n Chapter 6 Peodcally " smple" smp le" Kng moves moves see see equally equally well we ll.. For nstce, ets ets loo loo at S ata ata R Keene Keene,, Sopj Sopj e Olyp Olypad ad 972 97 2 aer te's 42nd move
houg Blac s a pawn up t s dcult to see how he c me progress snce hs Bshop has lte scope, d 42 R s ped ed by 43 Nd2 ! Yet note tat at hte s acually n zugzwag: the ony Kng move allows . c4; a Kngt move alows R y Roo move allows . . R er eref efor oree Bac smply plays plays 42 • Kg! 43 cl ! 44 c4 Kg6!! Zugzwang once more f now 4 Ke3 Ra7 46 Rc2 c4 or 4 R c4 46 Rxc4 Rf4 Rf4 4 7 Kd3 Rx+ Rx + heref herefor oree hte must allow Blacs Roo to peneate to te 7t ran 45 Ne 46 Nd3 a2 4 c Allows a tac tacca call end Equy Equy hopeess s 4 7 Nxc Bxc 48 Rc Rc Rg2 49 K Rb2. 4 •• c4! 48 Nb4 e2+ 49 K e3+ 50 Kg2 cxb3 Whie resigs Another nstructve zugzwag poston s set up om E Bogolyubov Bogolyubov - A Ae Aeh hne ne astngs astngs 922 92 2 aer hte's hte's 40h move, move, as show on the followng page
5
Blck hs slight mteri dvtge but to win he must loosen up the te pwn fo fotion tion e does ths by putng the the White pieces ug by 0 Qe! 5 e pieces ct move 41 3 or 41 ) Ng4 41 Ng4 Nxg4 4 1 3 Ng4 1 . K8 K8!! h 5 Kh7! 3 3 e e Forced but now e Whte pwn sucture disntegrtes. 3 Nxe Nxe Qxe 5 6 cx6 6 f6 xf6 7 R Qe! Forcing esily won g d wn endge 8 Rxe e 9 K ex = Q+ 50 Kx K7 51 K K 5 Ke3 Ke6 53 Ke 5+ Whe resns
SC 3. Gag Te pbc hs sid t for success n endge ply the need is for ccurcy d te sg us mjor ttenon must be given to moves tht gin or sve time other words gnng te or tempos s it is oen expressed is mor obective of endgme py s mkes mkes sense ose posions posio ns where where the steg stegic ic gol gol is ce d sple sple e g ueen ueeng g pss pssed ed pwn or obti obtinn nng g con- ol of key key sue
6
t is theefoe logical to expt hat he King h a vita ole to pay
t is theefoe logical to expt hat he King h a vita ole to pay n the ght for for te (tempos) (tempos) y such stces ae so ce to be sef se f-evdent What shal discuss eefoe eefoe e the moe sophs tcated methods of usng kng acvity to gain time
Both nteestng and impot is the tpe of maneuver employed in the play sg om is posion a 12 endgame study by J. oravec White seems to be die saits deed sce his Kg ct catch Blacks h-awn while Whites c-awn looks easy to stop. Neveeless Wtes ng can gan a tempo and the daw follows 1 Kb5! h5
Aer Aer Kc7 2 Kc4 Wtes King is cose enough to the the hawn hawn 2 Kc6!! Kc8
Otherwise Whites Kg gets to b7 d assists n queeng the ca 2 . 3 b 3 2 + . 3 Kd5!! Draw
n eect Wites Kng has goten to d in net two moves d thee fore is agan close enough to the hawn 3 . h4 4 Ke4 h3 K 6 Kg2 he successful execuon of a silar meuver in a pactical ge occus in the pay isig om the position on the next page A Bisguier J. jan 7 U.S Chpionshp ae Wtes 47th move A simple count shows that Blacks King ct get to the Queenside n time time to stop stop the the a-awn. a-awn. Sacrcng e e-awn e-awn with with
87
ely e3+ also oers no prospects Y there is a way for Black's Kng to accomplish its obectie:
47 Kf6 48 aS Ke5 I f now 49 a6? Kd4! Kd4 ! 5 0 a 7 e3 e3 The There refo fore re te's repl reply y is i s for force ced d d ts loss of tme is ust enough for Black's Kig to complete his oey successlly 49 Ke3 Kd6 50 b4 Kc6 51 b5+ Kc5 52 a6 Kb6 interesting dynamicaly dynamicaly stab stabee position posit ion has resulted resulted te's interesting tree passed pas oer no wing chces because s Kig c't paticipate as it must stay back to preent the eawns adce. On the oth hd Black also ct because his Bishop has insucient oensie oensie punch In the pla pl ay to come com e Blac Bl ack k ies i es aious approaches but ite paries them all 53 K B 54 Ke3 Bg2 55 K Bh3 56 Ke2 Ka7 57 K Kb6 58 Ke2 Bg2 59 K B 60 Ke3 Ka7 61 c5 h6 62 Kd4 h5 63 Ke3 B 1 64 e4 Ba4 B a4 65 b6+ b6 + Kxa6 Kxa 6 66 Kf K f4 Kb7 Kb7 67 Kg5 Kg5 Be8 Be8 68 68 Kh4 Kc6 69 Kg5 Kb7 70 Kh4 Kb8? 71 Kg5 B 72 Kh4 Kc8 73 Kg5 Kd7 74 Kh4 Kc6 75 Kg5 Draw
A somewhat sil concept but with a dierent execution occus i e play sig om ths position V Smyslo V Korchnoi 1952 USSR hpionship aer White's 48th moe
88
Blcks dvced coected pssed ps ell sppoed y the Rook Rook ppe ppe vc v cl le. e. A close ook ook hoeve hoeve shos shos tht tht Blck's Blck's Rook c't help ts ps dvce d stop hte's P. o ex exmple 48 . . e2 4 Re8 Re8 50 6 6 R 5 R 52 Kx d hte hte d ds. s . ht Blck old lke lk e to do theefoe theefoe s to to keep hs Rook Roo k he heee t s d stop stop the P P th the Kg Yet te te ovously ovously the Kg Kg is too f y fo ths Blck Blck hoeve hoeve does hve tempogg Kg oute 48 • K By tkg y the e8 se fom hte's Rook Blck thetes the edtely-g 4 e2 o eestlsh ccess to e8 hte s foced o sed Blcks Kg exctly hee t ts to go. 49 + Kd 50 8 2 51 Kc Wi signs Blck's Kg stops the P hle Bcks Rook esues the pomoto of hs pssed ps 52 Re6 K 53 6 K 54 h4 55 Kg3 Rf etc A dffeet kd of sophsticted Kg movemet occs the ply sg J. j Chs Chst tse se 8 8 U S Chmpo Chmposhp shp e Blck's 2th 2 th move hte hs sgct dv dv g gee sed o hvg the moe ctve peces the pssed -P d Blcks ek dP At the the momet momet Blck Blck the thet te ess 28 . . Nd3. Nd3 . A Kg Kg move s hte's est emedy ut hch Kg move
89
2 Kc3! Kc3! more accurate th 28 Kc2 a t pevent ack Rook om gettng to e2 w check n vaton uch a 28 Kc2 N 29 Re8 Re8 30 4 Re2+ 2 • • ?! Funde Fundenta ntay y weaken weakenng ng the the Knght Knght tu tu o n e 5 o uee uee 28 Bc7! becaue te pay 29 Kc2 d ha n eec gned a move move nce he ne gven above would now be te t e o o lack becaue he hop n pi ack be deenve eup wa 28 0 Kg7 olowed by 29 6 29 B K 3 ! Bc7 31 Kc2! K6 32 h K 33 5! Red 3 6 N 35 Re6 Rd7 36 Kb2! K b2! One moe ophcated Kng meuve te make ue at ack neve get Nd4 ih chc 36 •• R 37 Nxc7 Rc7 3 Bxd6 Rcc 39 Re7+ Re7+ K6 Re6+ K 1 Re7 K6 2 7 Nd 3 Rb7 Bck resis
SC 4 Prepg Action You wt to do omehng but he Kng ethe n he way o o no help ove t o at you c hen be ready or acton
0
st I onsider e ase where e King position mkes a desir
st I onsider e ase where e King position mkes a desir abe be p p ip ipos ossi sib be e as as n K Reg Reg - Benko Benko 1 978 U S Chp Chpi i onp aer tes 25 move
sory ook may ead to the onusion that White has some advtage due to e song pressure against the e-awn d the pasive pasi ve paemt of Baks Baks ff-Ro Rook ok.. et note how quiky quiky Bak demons demonsat ates es he ompete o mpete soundnes soundnesss o f s posiion: posiio n: 25 bx5! 26 Rx5 K!
Bak woud ike to avate his f-Rook via but hat move is not no t feib feibe e beause beause the the eawn is pined pined But Bu t aer aer the th e text text it wi be bo feasibe d good 27 K R! 2 Rx?!
y sghten out Baks pawn formation? Coet is 28 Ra3 wh equiy 2 ex 29 Ke2 30 Re 5 31 Kd2 Rd7+ 32 Kc2 Bb7 33 Re5 h6 3 3 Re7! 35 Rxe7 Kxe7
Bak h a sight advtage beause of hs outside pased pan urate urate defense defense by Wte however aeved aeve d a dr draw aw on ove 1 ovg e King so at it is paed at maximum advtage for he exeuion of a onrete p is shown in he pay ising om he posion posi on on e next next page J ieses iese s ekhi ekhine ne heim heim 1914 er tes 35 move. Though materia is even Baks onneted psed pas oer great promse of suess.
But how to mae mae progres progress? s? 3 5 b5 leaves Black's Rook pro pro tected tected d Wte Wte c un untangle hsel hselff with 36 N A surpris surprising ing King move however, puts end to al of te's hopes 35 • 7!! ie resigns! Bac B ack k smpy smpy thre threat atens ens to push pu sh the th e bPan to victory victory With Black's Kng on h7 the tactica N (either next move or subse uenty is parried by (aer eg 36 N 36 Rxg5 37 Nxg5+ Kg6!, with Whtes Knight appe d ost A sophsticated example of a Kng move to prepare action is ilus ated in the play arising om is position V Ceshovsy-V Savon Baku (USSR 1977 aer Black's 41st move
92
B laks position is jst plain horile horile His Hi s Kg Kg is in in some d
B laks position is jst plain horile horile His Hi s Kg Kg is in in some dger, dger, the the h7Kn h7 Knght ght a si sitly tly def defense ense piee, piee , Pa P an ek - d ite itess d-Pan d-Pa n an ovios ovios qeening qeening theat theat n the the ge g e White White played played e e medi mediaate 42 Ng3? Ng3 ? , d aer 42 42 . e2 e2 43 Nxe2 Qel 44 2 2 Qxe2 Blak had onsideraly lightened his defensive load d aer some inaaes y ite maged to sqeeze ot a 60 move da da he follo ol long ng sophistiated King King move move old ol d have le le Blak in a ompletely helpless sitation 42 2!! ith a on position for ite White removes hs Kng om the rst rk ths oviating any heks hek s d pns p ns.. te te no no is read ready y to proeed i i 4 3 Ng3 d the Knight stds very ell here for oth oensve d defense ppose pposes s Blak's Blak's est est is 42 . . Ne2 , ay, ay, ae aerr hih White White ativate ativatess his Qeen Qeen ith ith 43 Qe6 leaving leaving Blak Blak defenseless. defenseless. For inste, 43 Qel 44 Ng3 Qgl 45 K3 Nf4 46 Bxf4 gxf4 47 Nf5 nd White mates rst rst Aer he game Savon ventred the opnio opnion n that that sine ae aerr 42 Kh2 his his prospets old have have een een so le he might ell have resigned mmediately
SC Weavng Mating Nets As have said my times previosly one of the hateristi featres of endgames is that the Kings n feel rather safe. Padoxially, ths mes that one King an partipate most effe tively in ying to help ing don its nlky onterp Sometimes he Kng needs jst a it of effor to aomplish its oj oj e tive A good exple exple of o f this ors ors in the the play sing om om E E M Jaks Jakson on - F . J. J . Msh Mshal alll ondo ondon n 99 ae aer Whi White te's 's 2 th th move move diagram on e next page n previos play Blak had saried o pans to to he Wtes Wtes Kng to he edge of the oad oad . o omplete the jo he stil needs additional help, d this is here his on King omes m :
93
28 • Kg7! 29 Bf4? Mees a strikin striking g reaio reaion. n. A beer y was 2 9 K5 K 5 ough lack should should sil sil win win aer 29 f 30 Kg Kg fxg3 fxg3 3 1 g3 Re6 32 h Rg6 33 g5 Rxc2 (Marshall). 2 9 Kg6! ! 30 BgS The frighl reats of 30 .. e7 nd 30 Rxf need paing bu now comes a eal Msha bombshell 30 Rf4+! Rf4+!!! Whie esign esignss is choice choice is betwee between n 3 1 gf gf mae mae d 3 1 xf xf e7 e7 32 32 g5 xg5 mae More work by a King succeeds in g te ables in e play aising om he position below, I. ondarevsky A Usev sev eningrad 1936 lack on move
94
Bck i o pw p d
e dge
Ye oe how
Bck i o pw p d o pp ppe e dger. dge r. Ye oe how ckly eg chge 1 Aer obio obio repoe ie h orced wi Coec i Rc Rc3 ! R 3 !! Nx !! ck i Ne come 5 R me A coiderby oger cce g ek endig me rel om e oow oowg g poiio poiio L. Schei Scheider der - J Nogue Nogue J Jl l (Rig (R ig 978 978 er er Wie 3 5 moe
Depie meri euliy Blck h iic dge de o e ped bPw d e perioriy o hi Kgh oer We B ihop ihop Y e deciie cor cor will o o be Bck' p p ce Kig: 3 R7! 3 f 37 Rc! The Rook ju w beer beer o o ce ceize ize he Kg wi wi 3 7 K we me. 37 ! 3 R ! 39 c Rc7! Rc! 1 BS R ! The o he deciie mch 3 ! ! x Rx7 RS N3 Whi i
5 5
He is def defensel enseless ess aga agans nstt the the comin coming g 47 Ra Ra , eg e g 47 h4 Ral 48 Kh2 Rxel 49 e6 Ng4 50 Kh3 Rhl mate. e dect attempt at mate does not lways lead to that concsion Sch a teat, however is very oen sccess n achevng a specic speci c objective objective some some pace pace else In the the follow following ing two examples examples,, the ability to see matng opportnities is of decsive inence in the gmes gme s reslt In the rst exmple Blac Bl ac spies spies sch n opport opportnity nity and this alows him to consolidate his materal advantage sccess lly; in the second case hite's nablity to notice a smil oppo nity allows his opponent to escape with a draw he rst position s J Timm Timmn n . jbojev jbojevic, ic, ms mste terd rdam am (IBM) (I BM) 1978 aer hites 40th move
Thogh a pawn down, hite had conted on the imminent capte of Blac's dPawm to gve him sfcient conterchances for a draw et Blac has foreseen that he cn stop all of hites hopes with the srpsg 40 . Ke!!
The obvos 41 Rxd7 leaves hte's King helpless after 4 . Ke6 The th threat i s 42 B l nd nd eg 4 2 Rdl Rdl leads to to 42 Bxb4 43 Bc4 Kf6 nd there is nothing to be done abot the teat of 44 g5 g 5 mate mate Theref Therefor oree hites King King mst now go t tog ogh h some contoons to save itsel
6
eS ReJ+ 2 Re+ 3 Back h cdted pt ad, aer wg the bPaw w w be up ud paw paw The ther ther pa pa rute. Bc 5 R3 Bb a5 Rc 7 ReJ+ Be5 8 Bb7 Ra a 5 5 h3 h5 51 Re2 + 52 2 53 R2 RaJ Whe ei
uuu deplet f frce depcted n th p G. S Sk k A e, Bad Lauterberg 1977 aer Back 33rd mve
Thugh te up tw paw bth f thee are lated ad dubed ereb ereb ctl ctl decrea decrea the value value hte hweve al ha evera ategc plue: a ver g advced ped bPa actve Rk d Back Kng ucmfable ua t the mdde f f e bd The wa wa t t wn t take advatage advatage f the at factr 3 2 th th thee dev devta ta g g thr threa ea 35 3 5 K d 36 3 6 Rb5 Rb 5 mate. mate. tead the ge te ruhed thg wh 34 Rc7?, d Black maged t draw a 34 . Rhb8 35 Rxb7 Rxb7 36 Rb4 Ke6 37 Kg2 Kd5 Kd 5 3 8 ? ? ! (T (The he nwe nweake ake g g 38 3 8 K l l reta retane ned d wn wng g chace 38 .. Kc5 39 Rb3 f6 40 h5 4 1 Kg3 Kg3 Kc4 42 42 Rc3+ Kd5 43 Rd3+ Kc5 44 Ra3 Ra3 Rb6 Rb6 45 45 Ra7 Kd5 46 Rxg7 Ke5 47 Re7+ K 48 Re2 Rb3+ 49 49 Rb4 Draw Black' Kg ed ut ut t be afe and acie! acie !
97
3 . Evg Evg else s worse worse For nst nstn nce ce Re8 oses to 5 Rb5! Rb5 ! f f 6 Rc Rc Re 7 Rc7! R c7! Rxc7 Rxc7 8 8 bxc bxc77 Rc Rc 9 Rb Rb ! 3 S RbS! ! 36 R R S 37 h h 6 3 R R6 g6 3 9 , , wth won poson for te te h succeeded n exchgg one of hs we doubed fPwns for Blcs hely fPwn by reg s ter dvtge d poson bnd c ook od to fry ey wn
98
CTER
Corre Correcct/In c o rre rrect Kn Kng g Mo Mo ves ves Yo're in check or for oher reasons st ake a King ove. Bt where to move? Of corse e est way to proceed is to exe he ateatives cey d then choose he coect one one Yet if tie is sho or e posiion is too copicated for for a denive aysiswhat to do then? The est approach is to rey on soe vaid genera principes ie if in dot pay accordng to the d ost of the tie tie thngs thngs wi ot e e ive pic picy y ipot ones wi e isated eow
Don 't be gree greed dy - pecia peciay y when wh en in time time prsure! prsure!
N Gaprindhvii U Anders Andersson son Dond Dond 978 97 8 Bac B ack's k's 33rd ove shows a position in ateria d nc ace
Whte has an exa pawn on the Qeenside Back on he Kgside The noa wa way to oiize Whtes Qeenside is 3 3 Nc3 forcing orcing 3 .. xc Noting that Back is in serios tie oe Whte ies a icker approach: 34 xbS+? dS??
99
Usuly e Swedish G is ong the most conseave of payes ut hee caug caught ht by complete supise supise he lose losess is cool coo l Did he h e ealy ealy at hite had e e the Kght Kght hgng hgng he only only coect coect ecape ecape sategi sategicaly caly d othew othewise ise was 34 . Kb5 ! . hen ae 35 Nc3+ Kc6 36 Kc4 Ne6! 37 g3 Nc7 the position emas equal 3 b6 Ne6
3 5 Kc6 Kc6 36 b5 b5+ + Kc7 37 b6+ Kc6 38 a7 Kb7 39 39 a6+ a6+ Shoud Shoud it ey be a supise that thee wel mobilized pssed pans quicky bg down a one Kng 36 7 Nc7 37 b Bck resi resign gnss
he ely end woud have been 37 Na8 38 b6 Kc6 39 a6 foowed by 40 b7
Pevent al unnecsa countelay.
ihachis chishn hn Js ac acka ka a a 1 978 978 ae acks acks iha 27 move te h a nice mateial advtage wel as the posional puses of a passed dawn d well coodated pieces
he ony potential dge is to ites Kg pticuly as a esut of e f f advanced f-awn f-awn Coect theefo theefoe e is: is : 28 !
ut not 28 K Rg7 folowed by doublg Rooks on the g-le wi ecelent ecelent coute coutech chnces nces fo fo lack e e the tet tet move mov e tes Rook c pticipate defendg gl d the wi becomes
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farly routne routne Note that that n ts ts ase the genera generall pnpl pnplee of o f en zng the Kng s replaed by the need to prevent ounterplay 2 8 • Rg4 29 Rd b5 3 d6 Rd8 3 Bb6 Rd7 32 Bc7 b4 33 Nd5 c3 34 bxc3 bxc3 35 Nxc3 Rc4 36 Rd3! R4 37 Nd5 Rc4 38 Rx Ke6 39 Nb6 Rcl+ 4 Kg2 Rg7+ 4 Rg3 Back resgns 3 Watever the choice, avoid positions which must be mathemati caly lost
One of the requrements fo suess n pratal play s to hold nfeor nfeor poston pos tonss for for a dr draw. aw. Inferor Inferor postons postons always always requre hoosg between a number of evls. I s mpeatve to be able ontualy to to selet the mnor ones Pt of he tme ths an be done by a proess of elnat elnaton on Avod ose moves whh must out badly; of the other(s whatever ll be wll be d there s no use n worryg about t Lets see how ths tpe of tkg an be appled to the poston below E Meds - J Begova, Begova, Sombor 94, 9 4, aer Whtes 34th 34 th move:
Whte s up a passed bPawn, yet the wn s n no way assued beause there are few pawns le and Blak's Bshop par s wel plaed plaed to ope ope wth the b-Pan b-Pa n But st thgs thgs rst Blaks Blaks Kng s n hek hek d must must go to to one of two possble sques Where 34 K
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Not hee! Though supecially logic (headg towds the cente to be closer to the b-awn etc.) it is bod to be ong sce it alows by force a sme-clor Bishop endge which must be cern dea dea for Black For better or worse 34 . . Kh8 ! had to be pla pl ayed As a followup followup Black puts e d-Bishop d- Bishop on b6 d d then then ies to ee hs King wi .. g6 d .. Kg7 As discussed erler Blacks drawing chces rem considerable 35 Ne6+ Ke7 36 Nxd8! le d consistent te s for that endge whee he s sure of the wn nfe nfeior ior is 36 Nxg7? Nx g7? ! since Blac Bl acks ks Bishops Bishop s nd nd ng may well capte the b-a f so so Whites Kingside Kingside pawn adv tage would be insufcient for the wi 36 Kxd8 37 f Kc7 38 K 6 39 Ke3 B 0 Be Bb3 Kd Kb6 2 Bd3 Bac reign The ge was adjoed here d Black resigned without continu g The b-awn bnds bnds Blacks Blac ks Kng to e Queenside Queenside nd Wtes Kng gets to the Kgside via e5 to e pas there 4.
Ke out ou t th th e ene enemy Ki King ng
Sce e Kg is endge power power it is logical logical enough to prevent the enemy Kg om peneatng nto ones own territoy
This farly obvious pont should give us sucient guidce sele select ctn ng g Blacks co coec ectt move n s position position A Niowitsch Niowitsch - M . Tchigor lsbad 1907 aer Wtes 53rd move Whte is for
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choice ecause he has the more active King d is ale to put pressure on Backs isolated dPawn Black now must choose etween 53 . Kc6 and 53 .. Ke6 A 53 Ke6? Ke6? = Wron Wrong! g! his is the game continuation and must e patenty wrong since Whites King peneates on the next move Blacks dPawn d Pawn ecome ecomess immediately ndeensile 54 Kc5 55 h3! fxg4 56 hxg4 d4 5 xd4 Kd6 58 Back resigns B) 53 Kc6! = Righ! Black Blac k c c now hold hol d the game. At the momen momentt this is not not ovious, ut is the only viale pactical approach since 53 . Ke6 must e hopeless 54 h3! Black has ewer prolems ae 54 h4 Kd6 55 h5 Ke6 56 Kc5 5 5 7 g5 hxg5 hxg5 5 8 h6 h6 K 5 9 xg5 xg5 4 4 60 Kd4 Kg6, with with a draw raw . 54 Kd6 55 h4 Kc6! 56 h5 The reak 56 g5 is insucient 56 .. xg5 57 g5 hxg5 58 h5 g4 59 Ke3 Ke3 (Or (Or 59 59 h6 h6 g3 60 Ke3 Ke3 d4 d4 6 K d3 et etc.) c. ) 59 . Kc5 60 h6 h6 d4 6 K d3 62 6 2 h7 g3, d oth oth side sidess will queen queen 56 Kd6 5 g5 fxg5 58 fxg5 Ke6! ! t is possile chigorin didnt notice that Black has ths surprising deense deense Even so, what he played was demonsaly worse, not only om a theoretical stndpoint, ut also om a practcal one 59 g6 Kf6 60 Kxd5 Kg 61 Ke6 Kg8 Keeping the opposition makes good general sense ut Black could aso draw raw here here wih wih 6 K K n al al possile cases, cases, White White has my ways to staemate Blacks King, ut thats all he can achieve 62 Kf6 K Drawn 5
en in dub be acive!
Oen enough the choice etween having n active or passive King comes do to psycholo psychologica gica actors actors.. Even though there seems to
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e nothing wrong with ctie cti e Kg moe moe "woudn "wou dntt it e e ette etterr to ply ply it sf sfe e.. " As gener gener principle, the swer is " No No -e Kg c e very powerl in the endge therefore ctite d use it excellent illustion occus in the py sing om A. Aekhine - E Con Con Stockh Stockhol olm m 1 9 1 2 er er White Whites s 4 7th 7th moe
Blck hs slight mteril dvntge pssed en d ery ctie ctie Rook Whites Whites ony hope hop e for for svtion re his connected connected psed pns. pns. How shoud B ck rect rect to them 47 . . Kc6? he "sfe," pssive wy is the losing wy ecuse now Whites King cn cn e ctiv ctivted ted d the the tem tem of King ight, d cs will e too much for Blck to hdle. As Aekhine pointed out, Blc Blck k could could he he won won wit with h the the ct ctie 47 47 . Kc4 Kc4 ee.g .g.. 48 c6 R3 R3 49 Ne4 R7 nd Whites pwn(s) hve een stopped 48 Kd3 49 g3!! White does ow the the ue of o f the ctie King By preenting preenting the check on Blcks f4, Whte hs ensured c4 for hs Kng. 49 h5 5 Kc4 h4 51 b5+ Kd7 52 gxh4 453 d5 Rxh4 54 c6+ Kc7 55 Kc5! xh3 56 b6+ Kb8 57 Nb5 Back resigns ote how the chnge in the role of the Kings totly chnged the result of the gme
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$8.95 The King in the Endgame can open up a whole new dimesion to your chess game. This book eaches through practical lessons and examples how to use the King in the endgameThere are many endgame positions in hich the King must assist his remaining forces in order to win, or avoid defeat. Mikhal Tal a great champion of ghting chess, suggested an active King is equivilent to a minor piece (bishop or knight). In a closly cotested endgame who can affort not to use such a piece? International Grandmaster Edmar Medis is widely recongized as an outstanding author of endgame texts This book reinforces his reputation as a premier chess teacher.
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