UD 26. Orígenes y desarrollo del feudalismo. La economía señorial. Debate historiográfico.
ORÍGENES Y DESARROLLO DEL FEUDALISMO. LA ECONOMÍA SEÑORIAL. DEBATE HISTORIOGRÁFICO. INTRODUCCIÓN. 1. DEBATE HISTORIOGRÁFICO. TEORÍA HISTORICISTA. Un fenómeno germánico, olítico, !urídico y esiritual.
TEORÍA DE PIRENNE. La rutura medie"al en el siglo #$.
TEORÍA DE LOS ANNALES. La sociedad feudal de %loch& el siglo $.
TEORÍA DE GANSHOF. La interretación olítico'!urídica& los siglos $'$##( la limitación a )uroa Occidental.
TEORÍA DEL MARXISMO. *ar+& el modo de roducción feudal . amir -min& el modo de roducción tributario/ . *elotti. -nderson. 0arain. Duby& el señorío. )l siglo $#. %onnassie& feudalismo y señorío. 1ontana.
ÚLTIMOS ESTUDIOS. 2. ANTECEDENTES PRE-FEUDALES. EL BAJO IMPERIO ROMANO. La encomendación y el atrocinio.
LOS GERMANOS. )l efolge/ 3"inculación ersonal4.
HISPANIA PROTO-FEUDAL ISIGODA. !. LA EOLUCIÓN DE LAS INSTITUCIONES FEUDALES. !.1. EL DESARROLLO FEUDAL EN LA DINASTÍA CAROLINGIA. Los rimeros carolingios. 5arlomagno. asalla!e y beneficio. La herencia del beneficio en el siglo #$.
!.2. DESARROLLO DEL FEUDALISMO "CLÁSICO# EN EUROPA. FRANCIA. INGLATERRA. ALEMANIA. ITALIA. ESPAÑA. $. LA ECONOMÍA FEUDAL. 5ondiciones generales de la "ida económica. -cti"idades económicas en el medio rural. Los dominios señoriales. 5iudades, oblación y comercio.
%. LA SOCIEDAD FEUDAL. La b7s8ueda de cohesión y seguridad sociales. )l ordenamiento y la ráctica !urídicos. 0oblación y gruos sociales en el medio rural. 5iudades, oblación urbana y gruos sociales urbanos.
LA PIRÁMIDE SOCIAL. )l monarca. Los nobles y hombres libres. La #glesia. Los roietarios y hombres libres. Los gruos camesinos& escla"os y colonos.
INTRODUCCIÓN.
HISPANIA PROTO-FEUDAL ISIGODA. !. LA EOLUCIÓN DE LAS INSTITUCIONES FEUDALES. !.1. EL DESARROLLO FEUDAL EN LA DINASTÍA CAROLINGIA. Los rimeros carolingios. 5arlomagno. asalla!e y beneficio. La herencia del beneficio en el siglo #$.
!.2. DESARROLLO DEL FEUDALISMO "CLÁSICO# EN EUROPA. FRANCIA. INGLATERRA. ALEMANIA. ITALIA. ESPAÑA. $. LA ECONOMÍA FEUDAL. 5ondiciones generales de la "ida económica. -cti"idades económicas en el medio rural. Los dominios señoriales. 5iudades, oblación y comercio.
%. LA SOCIEDAD FEUDAL. La b7s8ueda de cohesión y seguridad sociales. )l ordenamiento y la ráctica !urídicos. 0oblación y gruos sociales en el medio rural. 5iudades, oblación urbana y gruos sociales urbanos.
LA PIRÁMIDE SOCIAL. )l monarca. Los nobles y hombres libres. La #glesia. Los roietarios y hombres libres. Los gruos camesinos& escla"os y colonos.
INTRODUCCIÓN.
E& '()* UD '()+,*/( '0 '+,*0(/ '& E+/3* O44,'&)*0 5*4* 0/( (60/( XXIII7 (+( *&)'4','&)'( 8 '0 ,'9*)' 5()//6:4/ (/9' (+ &*)+*0';*7 8 *,':( 0* '4/&/ '4/&/<* <* '+,* '+,*00 =+' 0' '(): '(): *(/4* *(/4*,*7 ,*7 ('&,/ ('&,/ '0 '+,*0 '+,*0( (// (+ *(3'4 *(3'4)/ )/ 3/0<) 3/0<)4/. 4/. S+())+/( '0 )>&/ ,' '4/&/<* ('?/*0 3/ '0 ,' '4/&/<* '+,*07 3/=+' '0 3'/ (' 0)* * 0* '4/&/<* ,' 0/( ('?/3/4*( 4// 0* E,*, M/,'&* '& 0* E+/3* ,'0 E()'. 1. DEBATE HISTORIOGRÁFICO. H*8 4/&('&(/ '& =+' '0 '+,*0(/ &*4 3/ ,/( 4*+(*( 0* +*0;*4& ,' 0* (/4',*, '+/3'* /44,'&)*0 /44,'&)*0 8 0* 4(( ,'0 3/,' 3/0<)4/. T/,*( T/,*( 0*( )'/<*( 4/&0+8'& '& =+' '0 '+,/ '( 0* 3';* 40*' '& 0* @'*=+<* ,' 0/( ,''45/( (/9' 0* )'*. E& +& ('&),/ *30/ ,'0 )>&/ (' '&)'&,' '0 '+,*0(/ 4// '0 >6'& 3/0<)4/-(/4*0 ,' 0/( 3*<('( ,'0 O44,'&)' '+/3'/ '& 0/( (60/( X *0 XIII. P'/ '(3*4*0'&)' '0 '+,*0(/ 8* (' 3',4* ,' (/4',*,'( +8 ,()*&)'(7 '& ,()&)*( >3/4*( ,' B;*&4/7 I&,*7 T+=+<*7 T+=+<*7 R+(* 8 J*3&7 8 4/&/064*'&)' (' *4'3)* =+' +& 3/)/'+,*0(/ 8* '() '& '0 '&/ (6/,/ '& '0 (60/ II 8 '& 0/( '&/( '/&6/ 8 4*/0&6/ '& 0/( (60/( III 8 IX. P** *06+&/( *+)/'( '0 '+,*0(/ '( 0* &'6*4& ,'0 E()*,/ 4// '&)' 3904/ 87 '& 4*9 4*9/7 /7 '( +&* /* /* 3/0<) 3/0<)4* 4* '()+4 '()+4)+ )+*, *,** ',* ',*&)' &)' '0*4 '0*4/& /&'( '( ,' ,''4 ,''45/ 5/ 3*,/. P'/ 3** /)/( *+)/'( '( +&* /* '(3'4*0 ,'0 E()*,/7 *4*,* 3/ +&* , ,( (& & ,'0 ,'0 3/,' 3/,' ,'0 ,'0 '8 '8 '&) '&)'' +&* +&* 40*( 40*('' *( *()/ )/4 4:) :)4 4** =+' =+' '()* '()*90 90'4 '4 ',' ','(( ,' ,'3'&,'&4*7 ,'3'&,'&4*7 ',*&)' '0 *(*00*@'7 '& 0/( )')//( =+' 6/9'&*9*. E()*( E()*( '0*4/&'( ,' ,'3'&,'&4* )+'/& (+ /6'& '& '0 +&,/ )*,//*&/ 8 '& 0* (/4',*, 6':&4*. TEORÍA HISTORICISTA. Un fenómeno germánico, olítico, !urídico y esiritual.
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
0* :( *4*9*,* '3'(& ,'0 '(3<)+ ,'0 3+'90/7 ,'0 Volkgeist . L* '4/&/<* )'&' +8 3/4* 3/)*&4* '& 4/3**4& 4/& 0* 3/0<)4*7 '0 ,''45/7 '0 '(3<)+ 8 0* '06&. TEORÍA DE PIRENNE. La rutura medie"al en el siglo #$.
H'& P'&&'7 '& Mahoma y Carlomagno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ÍA DE LOS ANNALES. La sociedad feudal de %loch& el siglo $.
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ÍA DE GANSHOF. La interretación olítico'!urídica& los siglos $'$##( la limitación a )uroa Occidental.
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ÍA DEL MARXISMO. L* (& *()* ,' M* 8 E&6'0( * ',*,/( ,'0 (60/ XIX7 8 ,' (+( ('6+,/'(7 30*&)'* '0 '+,*0(/ 4// +& /,/ ,' 3/,+44& 8 */&)* 0/( 3/90'*( )'&/064/(7 0* '0*4& )'*-5/9' 8 0* '0*4& (+3''()+4)+* 3/0<)4/-@+<,4* ' ,'/064/-'06/(*. E( 0* 4/'&)' =+' :( &)'3')*4/&'( ,'0 '+,*0(/ 5* *3/)*,/7 ,'&)/ ,'0 ,'9*)' ,' 0* '/0+4& ,' 0/( /,/( ,' 3/,+44&. *ar+& el modo de roducción feudal .
*0 M* '& La ideología alemana 1$ 30*&)'* '0 /,/ ,' 3/,+44& '+,*0 4// '0 )'4' '()*,/ ,' 0/( /,/( ,' 3/,+44&7 '&)' '0 '(40*()* ,' 0* (/4',*, /*&* 8 '0 4*3)*0()* ,' 0* E,*, M/,'&*. L0** /,/ ,' 3/,+44& '+,*0 / '+,*0(/ *0 (()'* ,' 3/,+44& ','*0 4/&())+,/ 3/ 0* )*&(''&4* ,' 4*3)*0 4/&('6+,* ',*&)' '0 ,/&/ ,' 0/( *()4*)*( (/9' 0/( *(*00/(. E0 '+,*0(/ 3*)' ,' +&* &*'()+4)+* +&,*'&)*0'&)' +*07 4/& '0 )*9*@/ *6<4/0* 8 0* )'* 4// '0 9'& 4*3)*07 =+' ,')'&*<* * (+ '; * 0*
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
E0 '4/&/()* '634/ S* A& *3/)* +&* (& &/ '+/4>&)4* (/9' '0 '+,*0(/. E& El desarrollo desigual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
- E0 3',/&/ ,'0 *0/ ,' +(/ (/9' '0 *0/ ,' 4*9/. L* 3/,+44& (' ,'()&* *0 4/&(+/7 &/ *0 &)'4*9/. - E0 3',/&/ ,' 0* (+3''()+4)+* (/9' 0* '()+4)+*. L* ,'/0/6<* '0 4()*&(/ '& O44,'&)' ,/&* (/9' 0* 9*(' '4/&4*. - L* *3*'&4* ,' '()*90,*, 5()4*. E0 &/0(/ '( 4/&(+()*&4*0 *0 3',/&/ ,'0 *0/ ,' +(/7 3'/ &/ '( )/)*07 3+'( (6+'/& '*0;:&,/(' 3/6'(/(7 =+' 3'3**/& '0 3*(/ * +& &+'/ '()*,/7 '0 4*3)*0()*. E& /)* /9*7 Clases y naciones 17 A& /,4* (+ 3/(4&7 8 '& '; ,' 4/&(,'* '0 '+,*0(/ +&* /* '/0+4/&*,* ,'0 /,/ ,' 3/,+44& )9+)*/7 0/ 3'('&)* 4// +&* /* 3)* ,'*,* ,' 0*( /*( 4/+&)**( ,' 0*( )9+( 9:9**(7 '()/ '( ,'0 /,/ )9+)*/. S+ '(3'44,*, ('<* '0 "4*:4)' ,>90 8 ,'(4'&)*0;*,/ ,'0 3/,' 3/0<)4/#7 *?*,'&,/ * 0*( 4**4)'<()4*( *&)'/'( ,/( :( - L* /6*&;*4& ,' 0* 3/,+44& '& '0 *4/ ,'0 ,/&/7 304*&,/ 0* '&)* ,'0 )*9*@/. - E0 '@'44/ 3/ 3*)' ,'0 ('?/ ,' 3'/6*)*( 3/0<)4*( 8 @+(,44/&*0'( =+' 304*& 0* ,'(4'&)*0;*4& 3/0<)4*. *elotti.
U9')/ M'0/))7 '& Marx y el Tercer Mundo 1$7 3'('&)* /)/ '(=+'* *()* ,' 0* '/0+4& ,' 0/( /,/( ,' 3/,+44&. C/&4,' '& +&* '/0+4& ,'(,' '0 /,/ ,' 3/,+44& ,' 0* 4/+&,*, 3)* 8 '304* '0 '+,*0(/ '+/3'/ 4// '0 '(+0)*,/ ,' 0* (<&)'(( '&)' '0 /,/ ,' 3/,+44& '(40*()* 8 0*( /*( 9:9**( ,' 3/,+44&7 (+4',,* '& 0* >3/4* ,' 0*( &*(/&'( 9:9**(. -nderson.
P'8 A&,'(/&7 '& Transiciones de la Antigüedad al feudalismo 17 )*9>& '304* '0 '+,*0(/ '+/3'/ 4// '(+0)*,/ ,' 0* (<&)'(( '&)' '0 /,/ ,' 3/,+44& '(40*()* 8 ,' 4+0)+* +9*&* ,'0 I3'/ /*&/ 8 0*( /*( 9:9**( ,' 3/,+44&7 '& '0 /'&)/ ,' 0*( &*(/&'( 9:9**(. P'/ '()*90'4' =+' '()* (<&)'(( +' ,'(6+*07 '(+0)*&,/ +&* )30' )3/0/6<* +&* '6& 4'&)*0 ,' (<&)'(( '=+09*,*7 +&* ,' ,/&/ /*&/ 8 /)* ,' ,/&/ 9:9*/. "L* '6& 4'&)*0 ,'0 '+,*0(/ '+/3'/ +' *=+'00* '& 0* =+' )+/ 0+6* +&* "(<&)'(( '=+09*,*# ,' '0''&)/( /*&/( 8 6':&4/(7 '('&4*0'&)' '0 &/)' ,' F*&4* 8 (+( ;/&*( 0<)/'(7 '()/ '(7 '0 4/*;& ,'0 3'/ 4*/0&6/. A0 (+ ,' '()* ;/&*7 '& P/'&;*7 I)*0* 8 E(3*?* 0* ,(/0+4& 8 '4/9&*4& ,' 0/( /,/( ,' 3/,+44& ,' 0/( /,/( ,' 3/,+44& 9:9*/ 8 *&)6+/7 )+/ 0+6* 9*@/ '0 0'6*,/
,/&*&)' ,' 0* A&)6',*,. A0 &/)' 8 *0 '()'7 '& A0'*&*7 E(4*&,&** ' I&60*)'*7 ,/&,' '0 ,/&/ /*&/ &+&4* 5*9<* 00'6*,/ / (0/ 5*9<* '45*,/ 3'=+'?*( *<4'(7 (' 3/,+@/7 3/ '0 4/&)*/7 +&* 0'&)* )*&(4& 5*4* '0 '+,*0(/ 9*@/ '0 3',/&/ &,<6'&* ,' 0* 5''&4* 9:9**.# P'8 A&,'(/&. Transiciones de la Antigüedad al feudalismo. 1 1%.
P'/ '& 0* E+/3* /'&)*07 *0 '()' ,'0 E09*7 '0 '+,*0(/ &/ (' 30*&) ',*&)' +&* (<&)'((7 (&/ =+' ,' ,'4)*'&)' ,' 0* ,(/0+4& ,' 0*( 4/+&,*,'( 3)*( '(0**(7 ',*&)' '0 3*4)/ ,' 0*( (+4'(*( &*(/&'( &*,*( ,'(,' 0/( 5+&/( ,'0 (60/ * 0/( /&6/0'( ,'0 (60/ XIII7 0* ,''&4*4& (/4*0 8 0* '()*)4*4& 3/0<)4*7 4/& +&* 40*(' )'*)'&'&)' 0)* =+' ,/& 0* (/4',*, ',*&)' 0* 3/3',*, / 4/&)/0 ,' 0* )'*7 6*4*( * 0* ')'&(& ,' 0* (',+9' ,'(,' '0 (60/ XII7 8 '0 /&/3/0/ ,' 0*( +';* 0)*. 0arain.
C5*0'( P**& 5* '(+,/ +8 9'& '0 '()*,/ *4)+*0 ,' 0* 4+'()& (/9' 0* )*&(4& ,' 0* A&)6',*, *0 '+,*0(/7 4// +& ,/90' 3/4'(/7 ,' ,(/0+4& ,' 0* '(40*)+, *&)6+*7 8* ','&)' '& 0* (/4',*, )*,//*&*7 8 ,' (+9/,&*4& ,' +&/( 4*3'(&/( 09'(7 3/3')*/( ,' (+( )'*(7 * +&/( ('?/'( ,')'&*,/(. E()' 3/4'(/ ,+ 4+*)/ (60/(7 ,'(,' &4/( ,'0 (60/ XI * 3&43/( ,'0 (60/ XI. C5*0'( P**&. Evolución del sistema feudal euroeo7 '& AA.. El feudalismo . A8+(/. M*,,. 12
$1. T*9>& E4 H/9(9*. !el feudalismo al caitalismo7 '& R. H0)/&. La transición del feudalismo al caitalismo . C<)4*. B*4'0/&*. 1 22-22.
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
3/4/ * 3/4/ 5*()* 0* 9*('7 '( ,'47 5*()* '0 &'0 ,' 0/( 4*3'(&/( 4+0)*,/'( =+'7 * (+ ';7 &/ 6/;*9*& :( =+' ,' +&* 3/('(& :( / '&/( 3'4** ,'0 (+'0/.# C5*0'( P**&. Evolución del sistema feudal euroeo7 '& AA.. El feudalismo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volución del sistema feudal euroeo7 '& AA.. El feudalismo . A8+(/. M*,,. 12
!!-!$. Duby& el señorío. )l siglo $#.
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
3/,' ,' +& 5/9' =+' 3+',' /906* * )/,/( 0/( 5*9)*&)'( =+' &/ ('*& (*4',/)'( 8 6+''/( ,' +& )')//7 =+' 3+',' @+;6*0'(7 *'9*)*0'( 0/ =+' 6*&*&7 0/ =+' *5/*&7 3/=+' '(): &'(),/ ,' +& 3/,' 3904/7 =+' &/ '*&* ,' 0* 3/('(& ,' +& 9'&7 (&/ ,'0 "an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onnassie& feudalismo y señorío.
P'' B/&&*((' ,'(49' '0 (()'* '+,*0 +&'&,/ 0/( 4/&4'3)/( ,' '+,*0(/ 8 ('?/6'& =+' (' +&,* '& 0* 4/&(4*4&7 '4+'&)''&)' 9+)*07 ,' 0/( 9'&'4/( ,'0 (/9'3/,+4)/ ,'0 )*9*@/ 4*3'(&/7 8 =+' *('6+* 3/ +& (()'* :(
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J/('3 F/&)*&*7 +& *()* *,4*07 '3()'0/6/ ' 5()/*,/ 4/&)'3/:&'/ '(3*?/07 (& (' +& '(3'4*0()* ','*07 4)4* * 0/( 5()/*,/'( 9+6+'('( =+' 5*& 4/&(,'*,/ 4// 4*:4)'
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istoria' An(lisis del asado y royecto social . C<)4*. B*4'0/&*. 12 2%-2%.
ÚLTIMOS ESTUDIOS. Ú0)*'&)' 0/( &+'/(/( '()+,/( (/9' '0 )'*7 4/& +&* ')/,/0/6<* '40>4)4*7 *=+'/0/6<* ','*07 5*00*;6/ ,' ,/4+'&)/(7 >)/,/( '()*,<()4/( ' &/:)4*7 5*& 4/&(/0,*,/ 0*( )'(( ,' +&* ')*3* 3'* ,' 3/)/'+,*0(/ '& 0* A0)* E,*, M',*7 ,' =+' (' / @+<,4*'&)' 8* '& 0* >3/4* 4*/0&6* 8 ,' =+' +' +& 3/4'(/ ,'(6+*0 '& 0/( ,'(/( 3*<('( 8 >3/4*(7 4/& (+ 4'&) '& 0* E+/3* O44,'&)*0 ,' 0/( (60/( XI-XII. 1. ANTECEDENTES PRE-FEUDALES. E0 /6'& ,' 0*( '0*4/&'( *(*00:)4*( 0/ '&4/&)*/( '& ,/( /,'0/( 0* (/4',*, )*,//*&* 8 0* 6':&4*7 8 )*9>& 3/,'/( '*&* +& /,'0/ 3/)/'+,*0 '& 0* E(3*?* (6/,*. EL BAJO IMPERIO ROMANO. E& 0* 3'* )*, ,'0 (60/ 4'4 0* &('6+,*, '& '0 B*@/ I3'/ R/*&/ ,' O44,'&)'7 4/& 0*( &*(/&'( 9:9**(7 0*( +(+3*4/&'( 3'*0'( 8 0*( 6+'*( 40'(7 8 '0 *+'&)/ ,' 0* 3'(& (4*0 (/9' 0/( 4/0/&/(. L/( 3/5/9'( :(
3/,'/(/( ,' 0* 40*(' ('&*)/*0 *4*3**/& 0* 3/3',*, ,' 0* )'* 8 0* *,&()*4& 3/&4*07 ',*&)' 0*( &())+4/&'( ,' 0* '&4/'&,*4& 8 ,'0 3*)/4&/. La encomendación y el atrocinio.
L* '&4/'&,*4& '* 0* '0*4& '&)' '0 4*3'(&/ 8 '0 3/,'/(/. E0 3/,'/(/ '49<* 0* 3/3',*, ,' 0* )'* * 4*9/ ,' 3/)'44& (4*0 8 *&)'&' *0 4*3'(&/ '& 0* )'*7 =+',*&,/ 06*,/ * '00*. E0 3*)/4&/ '* 0* '0*4& '&)' '0 3/,'/(/ 8 +&* 40'&)'0* **,* comitatus7 =+' 0' ,*9* ('4/ 0)* * 4*9/ ,' )'*(. E0 3/,'/(/ 3/,<* *(< 3/)'6' 0* "00*# ,'0 I3'/ 8 ,' 0/( &*(/'(7 *(< 4// ')* 0/( 3+'()/(. E()* '0*4& ,' 3*)/4&/ +' ')'&,'&,/ '& 0* (/4',*, +&* 40*(' ,' 5/9'( 09'( '& ()+*4& ,' ,'3'&,'&4*. LOS GERMANOS. )l efolge/ 3"inculación ersonal4.
P/ (+ 3*)'7 0/( 3+'90/( &*(/'( 6':&4/( 5*9<*& ,'(*/00*,/ +&*( /*( (/4*0'( (0*'(7 4/& '0 " gefolge#7 +& 6+3/ ,' 6+''/( &4+0*,/( 3'(/&*0'&)' * +& @'' 0)* 8 '&)' '00/( 4/& 0*;/( ,' *)'&,*,. A0 /*(' '& 0/( (60/( 8 I 0/( 3'/( '&/( 9:9*/( (' +&,'/& 0*( &())+4/&'( ,'0 comitatus 8 ,'0 gefolge7 4/& 5/9'( **,/( *0 ('4/ ,'0 '87 =+' '49<*& '0 &/9' ,' vassus *(*00+( / antustriones ('6& 0* +0* ,' M*4+0/. HISPANIA PROTO-FEUDAL ISIGODA. L* 00'6*,* *(* * 0* P'&<&(+0* ,' 0/( (6/,/( (' 3/,+@/ '& %7 )*( 0* ,'/)* ,' /+00> *&)' 0/( *&4/( ,' C0/,/'/7 8 &/ *0)' 0* '()+4)+* )*,//*&* ,' 0* 00* +*0 4// +&,*, '4/&4*. L* 00* '()*9* /6*&;*,* '& )'( 3*)'( - P'=+'?/( 4/)/( / " sortes# '30/)*,/( 3/ (+( 3/3')*/( '& +&* '0*4& ,' 3*)/4&/. - P'=+'?/( 4/)/( '30/)*,/( 3/ )'&'&4'/( (& 3/3',*, 8 '& '&4/'&,* 4/& '0 ('?/. - L* '('* '30/)*,* 3/ '(40*/(7 +&,/( * 0* )'* ,' 3/ ,*7 *+&=+' 3/,<*& 3/('' 9'&'(. E0 ('?/ )'&<* +& '@>4)/ 3*,/ /*,/ 3/ (+( 3*)/4&*,/(7 3+'( '0 3*)/4&/ &40+<* 0* 3'()*4& ,'0 ('4/ **,/7 8 *,':( 3/ 6+''/( 3/'(/&*0'( saiones7 *06+&/( ,' 0/( 4+*0'( "ucelarios (' +&<*& 3/ +& @+*'&)/ ,' ,'0,*, * 4*9/ ,' +& 9'&'4/. E0 gefolge 5*9<* '/0+4/&*,/ ',*&)' '0 4/&)*)/ ,'0 3*)/4&/ 8 0* ' 4()*&* fides7 3'/ (' *&)'&<* 0* '()+4)+* 0)* ,' 0*
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duces *+'&) (+ 3/,' )')/*0 8 (+ *+)/,*, 5*()* (' )+*0'&)' &,'3'&,'&)' ,'0 '87 0/ =+' '304* 0* ,'90,*, ,'0 '&/ *&)' 0* &*(& (0:4* ,'0 11. E0 5+&,'&)/ ,'0 '&/ (6/,/ 5* (,/ &)'3')*,/ 4// 0* 4(( ,' +& (()'* 3/)/'+,*0 4*'&)' ,' +&* 4(3,' *4'3)*,* 3/ '0 '()/ ,'0 (()'*. !. LA EOLUCIÓN DE LAS INSTITUCIONES FEUDALES. EL PRECEDENTE MEROINGIO. E0 3/4'(/ ,' @'*=+;*4& 8 (+(& (' 3/,+@/ 6+*0'&)' '& 0* (/4',*, *&4* ,+*&)' 0* ,&*()<* '/&6* 8 0+'6/ '& 0* 4*/0&6*. L*( &())+4/&'( ,'0 *(*00*@' 8 '0 9'&'4/ '*& 4/&/4,*( 3'/ *0 3&43/ '*& &,'3'&,'&)'(7 3+'( 0/( '8'( '/&6/( &/ (/0<*& 4/&4',' 9'&'4/( * 0/( *(*00/(7 4/& 0/ =+' 0/( '8'( *&)+'/& +& +')' 3/,' )')/*0 =+' '304* (+ 6*& 3/,' '4/&4/ 8 0)* *0 ('4/ ,' 0* '3*&(& '& 0* >3/4* ,' C*0/*6&/. C/& (',' '& F*&4*7 '&)/&4'( '&)' '0 L/* 8 '0 R&7 '& 0* =+' (' 5*9<*& 4/&4'&)*,/ 0* *8/<* ,' 0/( 6'*&/( *&4/(7 '0 '&/ '/&6/ (' ,'90) 3/ 0*( 6+'*( 40'( ,'(,' '0 &*0 ,'0 (60/ II. !.1. EL DESARROLLO FEUDAL EN LA DINASTÍA CAROLINGIA. Los rimeros carolingios.
L* ,'4*,'&4* *&4* (' '& 4/& 0* 00'6*,* *0 3/,' ,' 0/( *8/,//( ,' 3*0*4/7 )/,*<* *0 ('4/ ,' 0/( '/&6/(7 P3&/ II 8 (+ 5@/ C*0/( M*)'0 1$17 =+'7 4// (+( (+4'(/'(7 8* '8'(7 C*0/:& I 8 P3&/ III %1-7 (/')'/& 0*( '9'0/&'( 8 '&4'/& * 0/( 3&43*0'( '&'6/( ')'/'( 0/( +(+0*&'(7 0/( (*@/&'( 8 0/( 0/9*,/(.
L/( 3'/( 4*/0&6/( 4'*/& +& '@>4)/ ,' *(*00/( 4/& 9'&'4/( )*04/( ,' )'*( 3** 3*6* (+( '=+3/( 0)*'( 8 *&+)'&4&. S' / +&* 40*(' (/4*0 ,' 4*:4)' 0)* 8 4/& )'*(7 &4+0*,* *0 '8 3/ +&* '0*4& ,' ,'3'&,'&4*7 *5/* 3'()6/(*. 5arlomagno.
C*0/*6&/ -1$ 4/30') 0* 0*9/ ,' (+( 3','4'(/'(. S+9 *0 )/&/ '& 8 4/'&; ,' &',*)/ +&* 6//(* '3*&(& ')'/. F+'/& ,/&*,/( 0/( 0/9*,/( $7 *0**&'(7 9+6+&,/(7 (*@/&'( '& +&* 0*6* 6+'* 2-$7 (/&'(7 *=+)*&/( 8 9:*/(. M'&)*(7 '*& ,'/)*,/( 0/( '&'6/( ')'/'( 9')/&'(7 *(4/( 8 6*(4/&'(7 :*/(7 +(+0*&'( (' 4' 0* M*4* H(3:&4* 5*()* '0 E9/7 8 (' 3+(/ )9+)/ * /)/( 3+'90/( '4&/( 4/*)*(7 '(0/'&/(. E0 I3'/ +' 3/40**,/ '& '* 0* " restauratio# ,'0 I3'/ R/*&/7 '& +&/( 0<)'( :( (/()'&90'(.
M*3* ,'0 I3'/ ,' C*0/*6&/. asalla!e y beneficio.
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a herencia del beneficio en el siglo #$.
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ÁSICO# EN EUROPA. E0 ,'(*/00/ ,'0 '+,*0(/ "40:(4/# '+/3'/7 '& 0/( (60/( XI-XII7 (' 4'&)* '& +&* ;/&* 9*()*&)' 0)*,* ,'0 &/)' ,' F*&4* 8 B>064*7 ,' 0* =+' (' ')'&,' 4// /,'0/ 9*()*&)' ,'(4*,/ * /)/( :9)/( ,'0 4/&)&'&)'. FRANCIA. F*&4* +' '0 0+6* 4'&)*0 8 '0 /,'0/ ,'0 '+,*0(/7 ,'(,' (+ ,'(*/00/ 4/& 0/( /&*4*( 4*/0&6/(7 4/& '0 *(*00*@' 8 0* 4/&4'(& ,' 9'&'4/(. E0 9'&'4/ +&* ,/&*4& ,' )'*( * 0/( '0'( 3'/ (' 4/&4', * 4*9/ ,' ('4/( **,/(7 0+'6/ (' *(/4 *0 *(*00*@' 8 )'& 3/ (' 5'',)*/7 5*()* ,'(*3*'4' '& '0 (60/ XI 3** ,* 0+6* *0 feudo.
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ÑA.
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
M*3* ,' E+/3* '& '0 (60/ XI.
$. LA ECONOMÍA FEUDAL. 5ondiciones generales de la "ida económica.
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cti"idades económicas en el medio rural.
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
H*8 +&* )'&,'&4* * 0* '3*&(& ,' 0* 6*& 3/3',*,7 4*,* '; :( '& *&/( ,' 0* *()/4*4* '6/&*0. E& 4*9/7 0* 3/3',*, '*0 '&6+ 4+*&,/ 0/( '8'( 3','/& (+ 3/,' 3/4/ * 3/4/. T*9>& 0* I60'(* *4*3* 6*&,'( 3/3',*,'( +*0'( 0/ =+' 3//4 =+' C*0/( M*)'0 '*0;*(' 0* 3'* 6*& ('4+0*;*4& 3** 0)* '0 '&'&/.
L/ 3/)*&)' '* 0* 3/,+44& 8 &/ 0* 3/3',*, ,' 0* )'*7 3+'( 4*( &/ 5*9<* /&',* 3** 3*6* 0/( ('4/( 87 3** 0* /&*=+<*7 '0 &4/ &()+'&)/ ,' 3*6/( 3/)*&)'( '* 0* (* )'*. C*0/( M*)'0 8 C*0/*6&/ 3*6*/& (+( 6+'*( ,' '()' /,/. Los dominios señoriales.
L/( ,/&/( ('?/*0'( (' ,,<*& '& )'( 3*)'( - T'* indominicata 3/3',*, ,'0 ('?/ )*9*@*,*( 3/ '(40*/( 8 )*9>& 3/ 4/0/&/( '& 4')*( >3/4*(7 0/ =+' 3')<* 4/3'&(* '0 9*@/ '&,'&)/ ,' 0/( '(40*/( 8 */&)* 0*( 3+&)*( ,' )*9*@/ ,+*&)' 0* ('9* 8 0* 4/('45*. - M*&(/( ,' 0/( 4/0/&/( *'&,*)*/( 09'(. P*6*9*& '& '(3'4' 8 '& ('4/(. - P*,/( 8 9/(=+' ,' *3/'45*'&)/ 4/&. )l comercio y las acti"idades urbanas.
E0 4/'4/ +9*&/ '* +8 3'=+'?/7 ,*,* 0* '(4*(* ,'&(& ,' (+ 3/90*4& 3'/ '0 4/'4/ &)'&*4/&*0 *&)+/ 4')/ &'0 3'(' * )/,/7 '& '(3'4*0 '& '0 M',)':&'/ 4/& B;*&4/ 8 '0 M* ,'0 N/)'. L* 3/,+44& *)'(*&*0 (' +*0;*. L* /&',* ,'4*'7 3/ 0* *0)* ,' 3/,' '()*)*07 (+9(()'&,/ (0/ 0* ,' // 5*()* '0 (60/ II. %. LA SOCIEDAD FEUDAL. La b7s8ueda de cohesión y seguridad sociales.
E0 3/90'* '* 4/ 4'* +& 4/&@+&)/ (/4*0 4/5''&)'7 4/& 6**&)<*( ,' ('6+,*, 3** 0/( 5*9)*&)'(. - L* +(& (/4*0. S' +&,'/& 3/90*4/&'( 5')'/6>&'*(7 4/& +&* 3/+&,* *4+0)+*4& 4'4'&)' * *8/ &'/ ,' 6'*&/(. L*( *()/4*4*( /*&* 8 6'*&* (' +&,'/& 4/& *40,*, (*0/ '& Á4*7 I)*0* 8 B')*?*. E& '0 4*3/ +' +8 :407 ,'9,/ * 0* +*0;*4& ,' 0* (/4',*,Q :( ,<40 +' '& 0* 4+,*,. - F*0* 8 40'&)'0*. A0 ,'4*' 0* ('6+,*, 6**&);*,* 3/ '0 E()*,/ 0/( &,,+/( 0* 9+(4*/& '& 0* *0* '& 0* =+' '0 *)/&/ (': +&* 4/&)*3'()*4& +&* *0* 4',' +&* +@' * 4*9/ ,' /)*7 8 0* 40'&)'0* 4// 9*(' ,' 0/( <&4+0/( ,' 3/,'. )l ordenamiento y la ráctica !urídicos.
A0 3&43/ 5*8 +&* /(40*4& '&)' 0/( 3&43/( @+<,4/( ,' &*4/&*0,*, 6'*&/ 8 )')/*0,*, /*&/7 '0 ,''45/ ,' /6'& 4/0'4)/ 6'*&/ 8 '0 ,'
/6'& '*0 /*&/. S' 3/&'& 3/ '(4)/ 0*( 3&43*0'( +'&)'( ,'0 ,''45/ Código ,' E+4/7 )reviario ,' A0*4/ 8 '0 Li"er *udiciorum '& H(3*&*. E& 0* >3/4* '+,*0 *3*'4' 8* +& ,''45/ 4/& * 6'*&/( 8 /*&/(7 =+' (' 5*& +(/&*,/. L* &0+'&4* ,'0 ,''45/ /*&/7 ,'(,' 0/( 4'&)/( )*0*&/(7 3')' 5*4' 0*( 3'*( '4/30*4/&'( 0'6(0*)*(7 *0 3&43/ 3/9'( '& )>4&4* @+<,4*. H*()* '0 (60/ XIII &/ (' 5*:& 0/( 3'/( 6*&,'( 4,6/( ','*0'(. 0oblación, gruos sociales en el medio rural.
E0 ,'(4'&(/ ,' 3/90*4& '& 0* A0)* E,*, M',* +' 6'&'*0 3/ **( 4*+(*( 5*9'7 6+'*(7 '&'',*,'(7 3'()'7 &('6+,*, &,,+*0 8 4/0'4)*7 '& +& 4<4+0/ 4/(/ ,' 3/4* 3/90*4& 8 3/4* 3/,+44&. P/ ,'9*@/ ,' 0* *()/4*4* 8 0* I60'(* )'*)'&'&)'( '()*9*& 0/( 3/3')*/( 09'(7 0/( 4/0/&/( ('/( =+' 4+0)*9*& 0/( mansos ,' 0/( ,/&/( ('?/*0'( 8
=+' <*& '& 0* ('* &/*0'&)' 8 0* *&/ ,'
/9* '(40** 3** 0* " terra indominicata#. D'(,' ',*,/( ,'0 (60/ XI 0* 3/90*4& +'0' * *+'&)* '& ,/( (60/( (' ,/90*7 6*4*( * 0* '0*)* 3*;7 0* '@/* ,'0 40* 8 ,' 0*( )>4&4*( *6**(7 ')4. 5iudades, oblación urbana y gruos sociales urbanos.
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ÁMIDE SOCIAL. L* (/4',*, ('?/*0 '()*9* *)4+0*,* >'*'&)' '& +&* '()+4)+* @'*=+;*,*7 4// +&* 3:,'7 '& 0* 4+9' '0 /&*4*Q '& ',/ 0* &/90';*7 0* I60'(*7 0/( 3/3')*/( 09'(Q *9*@/ 0/( 4*3'(&/( 4/0/&/( 8 '(40*/(. F+&,*'&)*0'&)' '( 0* ,(& ,' 0* (/4',*, ','*0 '& )'( ,'&'( / '()*'&)/( 0/( 6+''/( =+' 0+45*&7 0/( (*4',/)'( =+' ';*& 8 0/( 4*3'(&/( =+' 3/,+4'&.
M*3* 4/&4'3)+*0 ,' 0* (/4',*, '+,*0. H()/*G+*,*&*.90/6(3/).4/ )l monarca.
E0 /&*4* '* '0 :/ ('?/ '+,*07 '& 0* 4(3,' ,' 0* 3:,' (/4*07 8 ,'3'&,<* ,' 0/( '4+(/( '4/&4/( ,' (+( 3/3/( ,/&/( 8 ,'0 ('4/ 0)* ,' 0/( *(*00/(. N/ )'&<* 4/&)/0 (/9' )/,* 0* 3/90*4& 3/=+' 0* @+(,44& '* &,'4)*. P'8 A&,'(/& 4'' =+' '()' /,'0/ 3+/7 ,' '8 (& *+)/,*,7 &/ '() '& '*0,*, :( =+' 4// +&* '&)'0'=+* 3/=+' 5+9'* (,/ )*& &'4*; =+' 0* &/90';* &/ 5+9'* 3/,,/ *&)'&' (+( 30'6/( '&)' * 0/( '&'6/( &)'/'( 8 ')'/'(. E0 *4*(/ ,'0 '&/ (6/,/ 3+,/ (' ,' '@'30/ ,(+*(/. Los nobles.
U& 6+3/ ,' &/90'(7 4/&())+,/ 3/ 0/( =+' '()*9*& ()+*,/( (0/ 3/ ,'9*@/ ,'0 '8 5*()* '0 0)/ 4*()'00*&/7 *4*3**9* 0* 3/3',*, *6** 8 0* =+';*7 '()*)4:&,/(' &)'&*'&)' 3/ (+( =+';*( 8 &'/ ,' *(*00/(. La #glesia.
L* I60'(* *+'&) (+ 3/,' 8 *+)/&/<*7 4/& '&/'( =+';*( )')/*0'( 8 3'4+&**(7 4/& 6*&,'( 6+3/( ,' *&(/( ,'3'&,'&)'( ,'4)*'&)' ,' 0*( 3*/=+*(7 /9(3*,/(7 *;/9(3*,/(7 /&*()'/( 8 *9*,<*(7 4/& (+( 3/3*( '0*4/&'( *(*00:)4*(. M+45/( 3:/4/( '*& '(40*/( ,' ('?/'( '+,*0'( =+' *(< (' *3/3*9*& ,' 0/( &6'(/( ,' 0/( *&(/(. M+45/( &/90'( 0*4/( *4++0*9*& 4*6/( '40'(:()4/(7 '& ,')'&)/ ,' 0* 4*0,*, ,' 0* ,* '06/(*. Los roietarios y hombres libres.
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os gruos camesinos& escla"os y colonos.
E& '0 (60/ IX '0 4*3'(&*,/ /44,'&)*0 '()*9* 8* +&,/ *(*'&)' * 0* )'*7 '& +&* ()+*4& @+<,4* &,'4(*. H*9<* */( 6+3/( (/4*0'( '& '0 4*3'(&*,/ - E(40*/(7 4/& 4/&,4& @+<,4* ,' "4/(*#7 =+' 3/,<*& (' '&,,/( 8 ('3**,/( ,' (+ *0* ( (' '&,<* 0* )'*. P'/ '&)' '00/( 5*9<* 4*()*( 0/( =+' 4+0)*9*& 0* )'*7 0/( =+' ('<*& '& 0* 4*(* ,'0 ('?/7 0/( " servi casati# =+' '49<*& 8 '30/)*9*& +& +&,/ '& (+ 3/3/ 3/'45/ 8 3*4)4*9*& 0* *)'(*&<*. E& F*&4* 5*9<* 3/4/( '(40*/(7 3'/ *9+&,*9*& '& A0'*&*7 I)*0* 8 C*)*0+?*. - C/0/&/(7 4/& +&* 09')*, @+<,4* 0)*,*7 ('6& '0 0+6* '& =+' <*&7 +&,/( 3/ ,* * 0* )'*7 4/& /906*4/&'( ,' 3+'()/( 8 4*6*( ,' )*9*@/ '& 0* terra indominicata7
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9/,* 8 5''&4*. P'/ )'&<*& /906*4& 0)* 8 3/ '00/ 3/,<*& *44',' * 0/( )9+&*0'( 8 0)* (+( )*9*@/(. C+0)*9*& 0/( *&(/( 8 *3/'45*9*& 0* 4*;* 8 0* '4/0'44&. BIBLIOGRAFÍA. I&)'&'). 5))3WW'(.3',*./6WWF'+,*0(/ ',*)'4*.40WW6'/6**W*35(',*.5) M*3*( ,' 0* E,*, M',*.
P'0<4+0*(. El se+or de la guerra 1%. D'44&
F*&0& J. S45*&'. I&)>3')'( C5*0)/& H'()/&7 R45*, B//&'7 R/('*8 F/(8)5. D/4+'&)*0'(. 5))3(WW.8/+)+9'.4/W*)45Z2,5(J$ E0 /6'& ,'0 '+,*0(/7 3/ A)'H()/*. &+)/(. S'' M'/* ,' E(3*?*. RTE. .)'.'(W*0*4*)*W,'/(W'/*-,''(3*&*W A los reinos "(r"aros. L9/(. AA.. El feudalismo. A8+(/. M*,,. 1. !% 33. AA.. &istoria de la Edad Media Cam"ridge . S/3'&*. B*4'0/&*. 1. ! /0(. A&,'(/&7 P*+0. Transiciones de la Antigüedad al ,eudalismo . S60/ XXI. M*,,. 1 1$. !12 33. B*9'/7 A90/Q 607 M*4'0/. La formación del feudalismo en la -enínsula *"%rica. C<)4*. B*4'0/&*. 1. $! 33.
B0/457 M*4. La sociedad feudal . AAL. M*,,. 1 1. %2 33. B/&&*(('7 P''Q ') *0. Estructuras feudales y feudalismo en el mundo mediterr(neo. C<)4*. B*4'0/&*. 1$ 1. 2!
33.
B/+)+45'7 R. .e+orío y feudalismo . . I. Los vínculos de deendencia . . II. El aogeo /siglos 0*10***2. S60/ XXI. M*,,. 1 1. 2 /0(. !$ 8
$1 33.
D+987 G'/6'(. La economía rural y la vida camesina en el 3ccidente medieval . P'&<&(+0*. B*4'0/&*. 11 12 *&4>(. %$ 33.
F/400/&7 H'&. El a+o mil . A0*&;*. M*,,. 1 1%2 *&4>(. 2$ 33. F/(('7 R/9') ,.. La Edad Media. C<)4*. B*4'0/&*. 1 1!. ! (. F/+=+&7 G+8. .e+orío y feudalismo en la Edad Media . EDAF. M*,,. 1. !1 33. G*&(5/7 F. L. El feudalismo. A'0. B*4'0/&*. 11 1%. 21 33. G+''*+7 A0*&. El feudalismo4 5n hori6onte teórico . C<)4*. B*4'0/&*. 1$ 1. 22 33. H''(7 J*4=+'(. &istoria de la Edad Media. L*9/. B*4'0/&*. 1. $1 33. H0)/&7 R/,&'8 ',. La transición del feudalismo al caitalismo . C<)4*. B*4'0/&*. 1 1. 2 33.
H0)/&7 R/,&'8. Conflicto de clases y crisis del feudalismo . C<)4*. B*4'0/&*. 1 1%. 21! 33. ''&7 M*+4'. La ca"allería. A'0. B*4'0/&*. 1 1$. !!1 33. +0*7 [)/0,. Teoría económica del sistema feudal . S60/ XXI. M>4/. 1 1$. 2! 33. L*,'/ V+'(*,*7 M6+'0 A. &istoria 5niversal Edad Media. 4'&( '(. B*4'0/&*. 1. 33. M//'7 R.I. La formación de una sociedad reresora4 -oder y disidencia en la Euroa 3ccidental7 89:1;<9: . C<)4*. B*4'0/&*. 1 1 &60>(. 1
33.
M+*87 A0'*&,'. =a6ón y sociedad en la Edad Media . T*++(. M*,,. 12 1 &60>(. $ 33. O*0'87 F*&4(. Los siglos decisivos4 La exeriencia medieval . A0*&;*. M*,,. 1 1$ &60>(. 2%! 33. P'/87 E. La Edad Media4 La exansión del 3riente y el nacimiento de la civili6ación 3ccidental . T// II ,' &istoria >eneral de las Civili6aciones ,. M*+4'
C/+;'). D'()&/. B*4'0/&*. 1. P'&&'7 H'&. Las ciudades de la Edad Media . A0*&;*. M*,,. 12 11 *&4>(. 1 33. P/087 J'*&-P''Q B/+*;'07 \4. El cam"io feudal /siglos 0 al 0**2 . N+'* C0ente de la Edad Media . EUDEBA. B+'&/( A'(. 1! 1! &60>(. 2 33. R/((*+,7 J*4=+'(. La rostitución en el Medievo. A'0. B*4'0/&*. 1 1$ *&4>(. 222 33. R+; ,' 0* P'?*7 J+*& I6&*4/. *ntroducción al estudio de la Edad Media . S60/ XXI. M*,,. 1$. !! 33. R+; D/>&'47 J/(> E&=+'. La mu?er #ue mira /Crónicas de la cultura cort%s2. S/. B*4'0/&*. 1. 2%1 33. S**&7 /0. %. >eografía histórica de Euroa occidental en la Edad Media . A*0. M*,,. 11 1. 2% 33. S/+)5'&7 R. [. La formación de la Edad Media . A0*&;*. M*,,. 1 1%! &60>(. 21 33. S3+/,7 P')'. !inero y moneda en la Euroa medieval . C<)4*. B*4'0/&*. 11 1 &60>(. $ 33. U00*&&7 [*0)'. -rinciios de go"ierno y olítica en la Edad Media . A0*&;*. M*,,. 1% 11 &60>(. !22 33.
PROGRAMACIÓN. ORÍGENES Y DESARROLLO DEL FEUDALISMO. LA ECONOMÍA SEÑORIAL. DEBATE HISTORIOGRÁFICO. UBICACIÓN Y SECUENCIACIÓN. ESO7 2] 440/. E@' 2. S/4',*,'( 5()4*( 8 4*9/ '& '0 )'3/. B0/=+' $. S/4',*,'( 5()4*(. N40'/ !. L*( (/4',*,'( ','*0'(. - L*( (/4',*,'( '+,*0'( '+/3'*( 8 '0 ,'(*/00/ +9*&/ '0 R/:&4/ 8 '0 G)4/. RELACIÓN CON TEMAS TRANSERSALES. R'0*4& 4/& '0 )'* ,' 0* E,+4*4& 3** 0* P*;7 E,+4*4& A9'&)*0 8 E,+4*4& M/*0 8 C<4*. TEMPORALI^ACIÓN. C+*)/ ('(/&'( ,' +&* 5/*. 1_ D/4+'&)*0 ,' /)*4&. D:0/6/ 3** '*0+*4& 3'*. E3/(4& ,'0 3/'(/. 2_ E3/(4& ,'0 3/'(/. C+'()/&'(. !_ E3/(4& ,'0 3/'(/7 ,' '+';/ 8 '3*(/Q '(=+'*(7 *3*(7 6:4/( 8 4/'&)*/( ,' )')/(. $_ E3/(4& ,'0 3/'(/7 ,' '+';/ 8 '3*(/Q C/'&)*/( ,' )')/(Q ,'9*)' 8 (<&)'((. OBJETIOS. D'& 0/( )>&/( '0*4/&*,/( 4/& '0 '+,*0(/. S&)');* '0 ,'9*)' 5()//6:4/ (/9' '0 '+,*0(/. C/&/4' 0* '/0+4& ,'0 '+,*0(/ 3'4','&)'(7 0* >3/4* 4*/0&6*7 '0 '+,*0(/ 40:(4/ '& E+/3* O44,'&)*0. A&*0;* 0*( &())+4/&'( '+,*0'(. R'0*4/&* 0* '4/&/<* 8 (/4',*, ('?/*0 4/& 0*( &())+4/&'( '+,*0'(. CONTENIDOS. A CONCEPTUALES. E0 '+,*0(/ '0 ,'9*)' 5()//6:4/. L* '/0+4& ,'0 '+,*0(/ 3'4','&)'(7 0* >3/4* 4*/0&6*7 '0 '+,*0(/ 40:(4/ '& E+/3* O44,'&)*0. E0 '+,*0(/ &())+4/&'(.
E4/&/<* 8 (/4',*, ('?/*0. B PROCEDIMENTALES. T*)*'&)/ ,' 0* &/*4& '*0;*4& ,' '(=+'*( ,'0 )'*Q *&:0(( ,' *3*(7 6:4/(7 )')/(. E304*4& +0)4*+(*0 ,' 0/( 5'45/( 5()4/( '& 4/'&)*/ ,' )')/(. I&,*6*4& ' &'()6*4& '4/6,* 8 *&:0(( ,' ,*)/( '& '&440/3',*(7 *&+*0'(7 /&/6*<*(7 *)<4+0/(... C ACTITUDINALES. R6/ 4<)4/ 8 4+/(,*, 4'&)<4*. T/0'*&4* 8 (/0,*,*,. *0/* 0*( 4+0)+*( ','*0'(. METODOLOGÍA. M')/,/0/6<* '3/()* 8 3*)43*)* *4)*. MOTIACIÓN. U& ,/4+'&)*0 (/9' '0 '+,*0(/7 3'3**&,/ 0*( *4),*,'( ,'0 6+3/. ACTIIDADES. A CON EL GRAN GRUPO. E3/(4& 3/ '0 3/'(/ ,'0 )'*. B EN EVUIPOS DE TRABAJO. R'*0;*4& ,' +&* 0<&'* ,' )'3/ (/9' '0 3/4'(/. R'*0;*4& ,' +& '(=+'* ,' 0* '/0+4& ,' 0*( &())+4/&'(7 4/& 3'('&)*4& 6:4* ,' 0*( '0*4/&'( '&)' 0*( &())+4/&'(. C/'&)*/( ,' )')/( (/9' )'/<*( ,'0 '+,*0(/7 0* '/0+4& ,' 0*( &())+4/&'(... D'9*)' ,' 6+3/ 8 (<&)'(( (/9' '0 '+,*0(/ 4+:0'( +'/& 0*( 4*+(*(7 0* ,*)*4&7 0* 0/4*0;*4&7 0*( 3&43*0'( &())+4/&'(. C INDIIDUALES. R'*0;*4& ,' *3+&)'( '(=+':)4/( (/9' 0* UD. P*)43*4& '& 0*( *4),*,'( 6+3*0'(. B(=+',* &,,+*0 ,' ,*)/( '& 0* 990/6*<*7 '& ,'9''( +'* ,' 40*('. C/&)'()* 4+'()/&'( 8 ,'& )>&/( '+,/7 ('?/
L9/( ,' )')/7 *&+*0'(7 *3*(. D/4+'&)*0'(7 La vida al cam a l$@oca del gtic 7 1%`7!$``. El feudalisme7 1!`. !``. S''( ,' C+0)+* P/3+0*. S' ''' * C*)*0+?* '& 0* B*@* E,*, M',*7 3'/ 4/& +&* '''&4* * 0/( &4/( ,'0 '+,*0(/ '& '0 (60/ X 8 * 0* '4/&/<* ('?/*0. F/)/4/3*( ,' )')/( 3** 4/'&)*/(. C+*,'&/( ,' *3+&)'(7 '(=+'*(... EALUACIÓN. E*0+*4& 4/&)&+*. S' 5*: '(3'4*0 5&4*3> '& =+' (' 4/3'&,* 0* '0*4& '&)' 0/( '&'&/( 3/0<)4/(7 @+<,4/(7 '4/&4/( 8 (/4*0'(Q '& 0* '0*4& '&)' 0/( 3/4'(/( '(3*?/0 8 '+/3'/. E*'& &40+,/ '& '0 ,' /)*( UD7 4/& 9''( 4+'()/&'( 8 +& 4/'&)*/ ,' )')/. RECUPERACIÓN. E&)'()* 4/& 0/( *0+&/( 4/& &*,'4+*,/ 3/6'(/. R'*0;*4& ,' *4),*,'( ,' '+';/ '(=+'*(7 4/'&)*/ ,' )')/(... E*'& ,' '4+3'*4& @+&)/ * 0*( /)*( UD. AP\NDICE. T')/ 3** 4/'&)*/ ,' )')/. G*9*/7 F*9/. E&)'()* * J*4=+'( L' G/. Bon @ vero che Carlo Magno fu adre dellDEuroaD . "L* R'3+9904*# 2-I-21$. R'3/,. )*,. ,' C()&* S*,/8. "E0
C0*<&# B+'&/( A'( -I-21$. L' G/ ,'('&)' *06+&/( )/( (/9' C*0/*6&/. 5))3WW.'3+9904*.)W4+0)+*W21$W1W2W&'(W0'a6/a&/&a'/a45'a4*0/a*6&/ a+a3*,'a,'00a'+/3*-$!W'Z('*45 bb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
cP'(/&*0'&)'7 4/&(,'/ +&,*'&)*0 +&* 4+'()& =+' '& 6'&'*0 0/( 5()/*,/'( '0'6*& * +& ('6+&,/ 30*&/. A&)'( ,' (' '3'*,/7 '& /4*(& ,'0 C/&40/ ,' N4'*7 ,''&, 8 3:4)4*'&)' 3+(/ *0 4()*&(/ '0 +(/ ,' 0*( :6'&'(7 4/&)*3/&>&,/(' * 0/( 4/&/40*()*( =+' '& '(' 3'3/4*7 * E+/3*7 +& ',/ ,' '3'(& ,' 6*&,<(/ *0/. L* 5()/* ,'0 *)' '+/3'/ 0' ,'9' +45/. –En el plano de la cultura, se habla de renacimiento carolingio. ¿Es correcto?
cT/,* 0* E,*, M',* '+/3'* '(): *4/3*(*,* 3/ +&* ('' ,' '&*4'&)/(7 =+' &*4'& ('3' '& '0 '4+',/ ,'0 3'/ /*&/. E&)' >()/(7 *3*'4' )*9>& '0 '&*4'&)/ 4*/0&6/7 =+' '4+ * )/,*( 0*( +';*( 4+0)+*0'( 3'('&)'( '& '0 S*4/
I3'/ R/*&/. C*0/*6&/ '+& * (+ *0',',/ * +45/( 6*&,'( &)'0'4)+*0'( ,' 0* >3/4* ,' 0*( 3/4','&4*( :( ,'(*( 0*&,'('(7 *&4/(7 6'*&/(7 '(3*?/0'(7 ')4. E& '(' :9)/ (' / 4/& +&* 3'(3'4)* '+/3'*7 *+& (& )'&' & 0* 4/&4'&4* & 0* /0+&)*, ,' 5*4'0/. J+()*'&)'7 0* /0+&)*, ,' ,* 3+0(/ * 0* 4+0)+* 0/ 4/&')' '& +&* ,' 0*( 6+*( 4'&)*0'( ,' 0* >3/4* ','*0. D' )/,*( *&'*(7 *0',',/ ,' '(' ,*)/ 5()4/ &,(4+)90' ,'(3+>( &*4'/& +45*( 0'8'&,*(. –¿Por ejemplo?
c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–eneralmente, se destaca el empe!o de Carlomagno en difundir la ense!an"a de las artes liberales del trivio #gramática, retórica $ dial%ctica& $ del cuadrivio #aritm%tica, geometr'a, astronom'a $ m(sica&. ¿Eso tambi%n es una le$enda?
c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–¿)u acción fue importante para la consolidación de la cristiandad?
cE()*/( &+'*'&)' '& '0 )''&/ ,'0 )/7 3/=+' 0* +';* 8 0* &0+'&4* ,'0 4()*&(/ 8* '()*9*& *('6+*,*( *&)'( ,' (+ '&*,/. S '0 4()*&(/ 4/&)&+ '()'&,/ ,'(3+>( ,' >07 &/ ,'3'&,' 4')*'&)' ,' (+ *44&. V+;: (' 3+',* &)'3')* 0* 4)/* 4/&)* 0/( 0/&6/9*,/( 4// +&* 4/&)9+4& * 0* ,''&(* ,' 0*
