Radio Mobile

RadioMobile y otras herramientas

Iván Bernal, Ph.D. [email protected]

Quito – Ecuador

Copyright @2008, I. Bernal

Agenda •

Introducción a RadioMobile

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Se usa material de otros autores, indicados en la Bibliografía.

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Se usan ejemplos con datos de Ecuador

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Bibliografía •

http://pe1mew.nl/radiomobile/?Welcome...

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http://www g3tvu co uk/Quick Start htm http://www.g3tvu.co.uk/Quick_Start.htm

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http://www.cplus.org/rmw

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http://www.telefonica.net/web2/ismael/REMER/RMDL/RMDL0_Indice.htm

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http://pizon org/rmw/ http://pizon.org/rmw/

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Características • For plotting RF patterns • For predicting the performance of radio systems • Usingg freely y available terrain elevation data it can p produce ggrey y scale, x-ray and rainbow colored virtual maps. • It can also produce 3-D and stereoscopic views as well as flyby animations. • Background images can be merged with scanned maps, satellite photos and Mapquest maps to produce accurate prediction plots.

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Descargar • Versión 9.1.8 (June 5, 2008) (se deben bajar varios módulos por separado) Último chequeo por actualización el 7 de junio de 2008 Para información de las versiones: ¾ http://www.cplus.org/rmw/msgen.html

• Descargas (se deben bajar varios módulos por separado): http://www.cplus.org/rmw/english1.html Mirror site: ¾ http://www.ve2dbe.com/english1.html

• Versión 7.6.3 (con instalador único) http://www.pizon.org/files/index.html

• Tutorial http://pizon org/rmw/ (Puede confundirles la sección: Downloading and Installing http://pizon.org/rmw/ Radio Mobile, mejor usen la guía de las siguientes páginas) Dic. 2008

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Instalación • Step 1 For old versions of Windows or Linux-Wine: ¾Download the Visual Basic Runtime (Service pack 6) File vbrun60sp6.exe from Microsoft. 9 http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=7B9BA261-7A9C43E7-9117-F673077FFB3C&displaylang=en

Extract and install it on your PC before executing the next steps (you may have to reboot).

• Step 2 Create a program directory to place the contents of the following files. Example: ¾C:\Radio_Mobile

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Instalación • Step 3 Installation of rmwcore.zip is required for all languages!

• Step 4 Installation of rmwupdate.zip p p is required q for all languages! g g

• Step 5 English language by Roger Coudé Spanish language by Juan Andrés González

• Si se expande cada zip en un directorio diferente dentro de C:\Radio_Mobile,

esta configuración fi ió es incorrecta. i Expandir i todo dentro de

un solo directorio.

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Instalación • Solo para ver contenido de cada archivo descargado.

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Instalación • Solo para ver contenido de cada archivo descargado descargado.

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Instalación • Step p6 Create a data directory structure. ¾"C:\Geodata" ¾"C:\Geodata\srtm1" ¾"C:\Geodata\srtm3" ¾"C:\Geodata\GTOPO30" ¾"C:\Geodata\Terraserver" ¾"C:\Geodata\Landsat" ¾"C:\Geodata\OpenStreetMap” ¾........

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Instalación • Step 7 Insure that no other instances of Rmwdlx32.dll exists on your system. If you want to put the program at more than one location, you should put Rmwdlx32.dll (and other dlls) in c:\Windows\system32. To get UTM coordinates in MGRS format instead of amateur radio QRA extract File utm.zip utm zip in the program directory directory. To get a World Map with SRTM continent definition, extract File wmap.zip in the program p g directory. y By reading and editing the file Map_Link.txt with Notepad, the program can access various map layers for personal use only.

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Información de elevación • Ejecutar rmweng.exe (ó rmwspa.exe) para iniciar la aplicación • Fortunately most of this data is available free of charge and with a little effort is easily installed. • Radio Mobile accepts elevations in a number of formats including: SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Misión) DTED (Digital Terrain Elevation Data) GTOPO30 (Global (Gl b l Topographic T hi Data) D t )

• Revisar luego g de las explicaciones: p http://www.cplus.org/rmw/dataen.html

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Información de elevación (automáticamente) • The easiest way to obtain elevation data for Radio Mobile is to let the software download the data as needed. • Byy default Radio Mobile will download elevation data if it is not found in your y local path. You should change this setting. To do so click on the Options menu and select "Internet.” You will want to click on each element of the list and make sure that "Download from Internet if a file is not found on local path and keep a local copy" is selected on each page (SRTM, Toporama, Terraserver, LANDSAT)

•By setting this option, Radio Mobile will save any elevation data yyou download to a folder which will speed up rendering of plots in the future. • The local files path can be set to any folder on your computer or a network drive if you wish to share the downloaded data with other users on your local network.

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Información de elevación (manualmente) • GTOPO30 (Global Topographic Data) GTOPO30 is a global digital elevation model (DEM) resulting from a collaborative effort led by the staff at the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS Data Center in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. ¾Elevations in GTOPO30 are regularly spaced at 30-arc seconds (approximately 1 kilometer). ¾It has been available from the EROS Data Center beginning in 1993 1993.

GTOPO30 was developed to meet the needs of the geospatial data user community for regional and continental scale topographic data data.

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Información de elevación (manualmente) • GTOPO30 Radio Mobile will not download automatically GTOPO30 elevation data GTOPO30 is an elevation data model with a 30-arc second resolution (aproximadamente 1km). developed by the USGS (United States Geological Survey) ¾ http://edc.usgs.gov/products/elevation/gtopo30/gtopo30.html ¾ Click on the grid that corresponds to the area of the world in which you live and you will be taken to the appropriate download page. ¾ The file you download will be in tar.gz format, also know as a "tarball."

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Información de elevación (manualmente) • GTOPO30

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Información de elevación (manualmente) • DTED (Digital Terrain Elevation Data) Originally developed in the 1970s to support aircraft radar simulation and prediction. DTED is not used as often now that higher resolution SRTM data is available. ¾ Level L l 0 has h a postt spacing i off 30 arcseconds d iin latitude l tit d direction di ti (ca. ( 900 meters) t ) ¾ Level 1 has a post spacing of 3 arcseconds (ca. 90 meters) ¾ Level 2 has a post spacing of 1 arcseconds (ca. 30 meters) 9 Level 1 and 2 are "Not releasable outside DoD unless specifically p y authorized "

To download DTED data visit: ¾ http://geoengine.nga.mil/muse-cgi-bin/rast_roam.cgi ¾ Enter yyour latitude and longitude g into the appropriate pp p boxes and select DTED Level 0 from the "Available Product Levels:" dropdown box. ¾ Then click on the "Raster Roam" button and a map will be generated. 9 If the map p that appears pp to the left is not what yyou want yyou can adjust: j The image size Zoom factor Scroll the map Click on the image to change center

¾ Click on the button labeled "Raster Exporter“ at the very bottom of the page and the server will create a file for you to download that contains the data you selected. ¾ Please Pl remember b to t click li k the th "Delete" "D l t " button b tt att the th bottom b tt off th the page after ft you h have downloaded your data. Dic. 2008

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Información de elevación (manualmente) • WGS The World Geodetic System (WGS) is used to set the horizontal position of a unit. In the program, Latitude ranges from 90° South to 90° North, and Longitude ranges from 180° West to 180 180° east. east

• UTM Universal Transverse Mercator ((UTM)) divides earth into 60 zones of 6 degrees g of longitude. g The Northing is the distance from the equator (m) while the Easting is the distance from the central longitude of the zone (m), added with 500 000.

• MGRS The Military Grid Reference System (MGRS) is derived from the UTM system of coordinates.

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Información de elevación (manualmente) • DTED

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Información de elevación (manualmente) • DTED (Aeropuerto de Quito: Latitud -0.15 0 15 y longitud -78.48333) 78 48333)

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Configuración de los datos descargados • First click on the "Options" Options menu and then select "Elevation Elevation Data." • Click on the radio button b tton next ne t to "Extract "E tract elevation ele ation data directly directl from database” +

•You have the option p to p point Radio Mobile to the location of the data you extracted f from the th zipfiles i fil and d tarballs t b ll previously.

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Configuración de los datos descargados • R Radio di M Mobile bil allows ll you tto use up tto fi five layers l off elevation l ti data d t ranked from highest to lowest quality. This is also where you can configure Radio Mobile to use shared elevation data over a network.

• Select the type of elevation data you want to use for each layer then click on the "Browse" button. Browse to the location of the data and when yyou are finished click on "OK.“ For example, you may want to use GTOPO30 as your top layer and DTED as your second layer.

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Creación de mapas • El primer paso es extraer los datos de elevación para generar un mapa de trabajo. Ventana de configuración para extraer los datos: “File -> Map properties”

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Creación de mapas • Centre (Latitude/Longitude): Coordenadas del punto que queremos sea el centro del mapa de trabajo. ¾ Existe una base de datos ((fichero cities.dat)) con las coordenadas de varias ciudades del mundo (incluida Quito y otras ciudades del ecuador). ¾ También existe la posibilidad de identificar el punto mediante un click en un mapa, aunque no se recomienda por su escasa precisión. precisión

• Size (km) Width/Height: Tamaño de la porción del mapa de trabajo que se representará en pantalla, tomando como punto central el definido anteriormente.

•

Size (pixel) Width/Height: Tamaño del mapa en pantalla.

• Elevation data source: Ubicación de los ficheros que almacenan los datos de elevación del modelo digital del terreno. Dic. 2008

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Creación de mapas

Una vez cumplimentados los datos de captura, ppulsar el botón “Extract” para generar una imagen con el mapa de trabajo.

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Creación de mapas • If you uncheck "ignore missing files" and have SRTM set as one of your data sources, Radio Mobile will tell you which SRTM data files are missing so you download the missing pieces. There are some holes in the SRTM coverage so there is a chance you will not be able to download the missing files. g missing g files" after you y have filled in as If this is the case check "ignore many missing pieces as possible.

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Opciones de menú ““Edit Edit” ”

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Opciones de menú ““Edit Edit” ” • Probar algunas de las otras opciones

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Opciones de menú ““Edit Edit” ”

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Creación de mapas • No hay diferencia en usar los archivos para el sector de Quito, la resolución no cambia sino cuanta información se descargó, en relación al área que se especifica.

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Creación de mapas • Curvas de nivel

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Creación de mapas • En Maplink.txt quitar la coma para usar: GoogleMap, YahooMap, VirtualEarth, MapQuest

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Creación de mapas

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Creación de mapas

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Creación de mapas

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Creación de mapas

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Creación de mapas • Resolución no adecuada (DTED). ( )

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Creación de mapas ((SRTM SRTM)) • SRTM data is byy far the most popular p p data set that Radio Mobile can use. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) obtained elevation data on a near-global scale to generate the most complete high-resolution digital topographic database of Earth. SRTM consisted of a specially modified radar system that flew onboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour during an 11-day mission in February of 2000. p jp g http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/ ftp://e0srp01u.ecs.nasa.gov/srtm/ http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org/

• SRTM data is available in 2 qualities: 3 arcsecond data 90 x 90 meters, Global 1 arcsecond data 30 x 30 meter, USA only only. Comments: ¾ The Th 3 arcsecond d data d t iis public bli to t the th world ld as well as the th USA 1 arcescond d data d t iis. ¾ The 1 arcsecond data outside of the USA is not public available. ¾ This is no problem for general RF propagation calculations. ¾ More detailed information is required when you want to do RF analysis in Urban areas. 9 This is required for example by cellular network operators.

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Creación de mapas ((SRTM SRTM)) • SRTM V2 Initially SRTM became available in release '1' ¾This first release had som flaws. ¾The current, enhanced release, release '2' has improved significantly: 9 NASA has released version 2 of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission digital topographic data (also known as the "finished" version). 9 Version 2 is the result of a substantial editing effort by the National Geospatial Intelligence Agency and exhibits well-defined water bodies and coastlines and the absence of spikes and wells (single pixel errors), although some areas of missing data (('voids') voids ) are still present. present Disadvantage of the obtained radar images is that snowed mountain tops disturbe the radar image. This causes mayor flaws in the SRTM data.

• Existe pero no soportado en RadioMobile SRTM V3 ¾htt // t ¾http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org/ i i / Dic. 2008

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Creación de mapas ((SRTM SRTM)) • Si no especificamos ninguna ruta, el programa descargará automáticamente los ficheros a través de nuestra conexión a Internet. Para SRTM q que p proporciona p mejor j resolución q que DTED y GTOPO30 (p (para estos no se permite la descarga automática) Se descarga en el directorio indicado en:

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Creación de mapas ((SRTM SRTM)) • Se baja la información bajo las siguientes condiciones (SRTM) 9 archivos (25 MBytes en total, comprimidos son 10 MB)

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Creación de mapas ((SRTM SRTM)) Con SRTM

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Creación de mapas ((SRTM SRTM))

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Creación de mapas ((SRTM SRTM)) • Generally we know from the GIS world 3-types 3 types of elevation data: Ground height Clutter height Composite height

¾ SRTM data is of the last type. ¾ This is a brief description of how SRTM is composed and what the value is of SRTM.

• Ground height/Digital Elevation Model (DEM) ¾ This image displays an example of ground height. generally flat terrain. This ground heigth is called DEM data.

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• Clutter height


On the ground, another layer is put: The Clutter. This Clutter represents houses, forests, bushes, industry, you name it. This Clutter has it's own height and characteristics for RF signals. ¾ In Radio Mobile clutters comes as 'land Cover' The following image shows Clutter on the DEM:

• Composite data SRTM data is obtained from scanning the earth surface with a radar. ¾ This radar does not have a very y high g resolution so we cannot see houses in the data,, but we can see objects larger than 300x300 meters. 9 The result of the scanning is represented in SRTM data. 9 As you can see SRTM data holds both ground height and clutter height.

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Creación de mapas ((GLOBE GLOBE)) • Global Land One-kilometer Base Elevation (GLOBE) http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/topo/report/ http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/topo/globeget.html (descargar datos) GLOBE is an internationally designed, developed, and independently peerreviewed global digital elevation model (DEM), at a latitude-longitude grid spacing of 30 arcarc-seconds (1 Km). The ongoing project makes use of several data sources to attain high data quality. ¾Important parts were taken from GTOPO30, but there are also additional contributions not part of GTOPO30.

GLOBE provides id data d t sets t off two t levels l l off quality: lit ¾G.O.O.D. (Globally Only Open-access Data, unrestricted use) ¾B A D (Best Available Data, ¾B.A.D. Data restricted use for some regions). regions) Dic. 2008

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Creación de mapas ((GLOBE GLOBE)) • GLOBE http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/topo/gltiles.html Resolución mas baja j q que SRTM

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Creación de mapas (BIL (BIL)) • BIL Is a format for Remote Sensing Image Data. Multi-band image data are represented by a combination of spatial position (pixel number and line number) and band. The data format for multi-band images is classified into the following three types: ¾BSQ format (band sequential) image data (pixel number and line number) of each band are separately arranged. ¾BIL fformatt (b (band d iinterleaved t l db by li line)) li line data d t are arranged d iin th the order d off band number and repeated with respect to line number. ¾BIP format (band interleaved by pixel) A set of multi-band multi band data with respect to each pixel arranged spatially by pixel number and line number. http://seamless.usgs.gov/

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Google Earth • http://earth.google.com/ p g g

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Google Earth

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Google Earth • Ubiquemos al Guagua Pichincha y Ruco Pichincha, tomando coordenadas del Google Earth.

Ilaló: 78 25 9.62 00 15 47.69

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Google Earth

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Ejemplo 1 • http://www.cplus.org/rmw/afirst.html • Lugar: St-Jean-sur-Richelieu St Jean sur Richelieu • Se p proporciona p o se p puede descargar g del URL indicado arriba: dted1.zip

• Decompress them in the following directories (Do not forget to use folder names): "C:\...\W073\N45.DT1" "C:\ C:\....\W074\N45.DT1 \W074\N45 DT1"

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Ejemplo 1

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Ejemplo 1

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Ejemplo 1

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Ejemplo 1 • Open "Unit properties" in the “File" menu and click on "Enter Latitude and Longitude". Enter “VE2DBE base” in “name”

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Ejemplo 1 •Click Cli k on “U “Unit it 2” 2”, enter t “M “Mobile” bil ” in i “name” “ ” and d the th coordinates. di t •Change the icon by pressing the button “+” (como ejercicio) •Coordenadas C d d ffuera d de lla iimagen extraida t id ((en elevación l ió usar 29m) 29 )

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Ejemplo 1 • Enter Network data Open "Networks properties" in the "Files" menu:

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Ejemplo 1

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Ejemplo 1 • System tab for base:

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Ejemplo 1 • System tab for mobile:

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Ejemplo 1 • Net membership tab for base:

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Ejemplo 1 • Net membership tab for mobile • On OK, OK the program is ready for Radio Coverage!

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Ejemplo 1 • VHF Radio coverage! In “Tools" menu, select "Radio coverage” y “single polar" and complete form as per the follo following: ing:

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Ejemplo 1 • Acepte dibujar

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Ejemplo 1

U Edit Use: Edit-> > Draw D rings i

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Ejemplo 1 • CTRL-L p para la ggrilla

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Ejemplo 1

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Ejemplo1 en EPN

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Ejemplo1 en EPN

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Ejemplo1 en EPN

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Ejemplo1 en EPN

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Ejemplo1 en EPN

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Ejemplo2 • Depending on how you plan on using Radio Mobile you may only need a single network with a single system or you may need several different networks with many different systems. • The figures you see in the various fields are based on equipment available from Young Design, Inc. based in Fall Church, VA. They specialize in license-exempt wireless equipment Young Design, Inc. ("YDI"), ( YDI ), a world leader in extended range solutions utilizing 802.11b wireless LAN technology. ttp://www.yd .co / http://www.ydi.com/ http://www.wirelessnetworksonline.com/storefronts/ydi.html

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Ejemplo 2

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Ejemplo2

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Ejemplo2

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Ejemplo2 • Antenna heights: CPE and Bridge are set at 20 feet (6.6m) Access Point is set to 49 feet (15m.)

• Cable C bl lloss iis calculate l l t using i Times Ti Microwave Mi LMR-400. LMR 400 • Antenna gains 12dBi omni for the Access Point 24dBi grid dish for the CPE 18dBi patch for the bridge ¾ Again, Again these are only examples for demonstration purposes purposes.

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Ejemplo2

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Ejemplo2

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Ejemplo2

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Ejemplo2

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Ejemplo2

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Ejemplo2

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Ejemplo3 - Plotting a PointPoint-to to--Point Link

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Ejemplo3 - Plotting a PointPoint-to to--Point Link • Option->Elevation Data Where 'Elevation data in Memory' is used, the Radio Link distances are calculated using Cartesian geometry ground to ground - so the errors increase with the path length, and antenna height has no effect.

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Ejemplo3 - Plotting a PointPoint-to to--Point Link • If you have a fast machine, you can use 'Extract elevation data directly from database', but do a 'Performance test' first before setting the Max No. of records to use. (The height data requires to be uncompressed to use this feature). feature) • With 'Extract Elevation Data directly from the Database', the calculations use spherical (Great Circle) geometry. In this case the reported distance is between the antennas antennas, so it will vary with antenna height. hi mode This d should h ld be b usedd in i Microwave i studies. di

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Ejemplo3 - Plotting a PointPoint-to to--Point Link • Next click on File and select Unit Properties. Properties Turn off the CPE and Access Point units by clearing the check from the box next to "Enabled." "Enabled " This is not necessary although it removes a little clutter from the screen. Y should You h ld now see ttwo iicons llabeled b l dB Bridge1 id 1 and dB Bridge2 id 2 overlayed l d on th the map. These are the endpoints of the point-to-point point to point link. link

• To see a profile of the radio link click on Tool and select the first option, radio link. Under the view menu you can select an option to swap the endpoints of the link to see how the terrain effects the link in both directions. If you would like to export the plot to RmPath click on edit, select export to and then select RmPath Dic. 2008

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Ejemplo3 - Plotting a PointPoint-to to--Point Link • Note that this does not take tree coverage or buildings into consideration. This is a view of the link over flat terrain.

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Ejemplo3 - Plotting a PointPoint-to to--Point Link • Agregar una estación en la zona de sombra

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3D

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3D

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Resumen • A radio station is referred to as a Unit, there can be numerous Units defined to operate within a given Network. • Each different type of Unit used in a network has to be defined with a separate Radio Operating System specification, this sets up the radio parameters for that type of station Transmit Power/receiver sensitivity/antenna gain/antenna height/cable losses.

• Thus each Unit will be allocated to an operating system specification within the network. Finally, all units are given a Role, which is either Command or Subordinate.

Dic. 2008

Iván Bernal, Ph.D.

102

Resumen • UNIT This is an actual radio station which can be placed on the map, its radio performance specification is given by its allocated Operating SYSTEM. SYSTEM

• SYSTEM A set of specific parameters defining the performance of a particular type of radio station. NETWORK

• NETWORK A specified group of stations which are required to intercommunicate.

Dic. 2008

Iván Bernal, Ph.D.

103

Radio Mobile

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