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MDS 9310 900 MHZ SPREAD SPECTRUM DATA TRANSCEIVER
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Installation, Operation & Field Maintenance
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D MAY 1997
MDS 9310 900 MHZ SPREAD SPECTRUM DATA TRANSCEIVER
M D S 9 3 0 0 S E R I E S T R A N S C E I V E R
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Installation, Operation & Field Maintenance
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D MAY 1997
MDS 9310 QUICK START GUIDE Below are the five steps to installing the MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum Transceiver. The numbers in brackets indicate the pages in this manual where detailed explanations can be found. Associated Hand-Held Terminal (HHT) commands are displ ayed between square brackets.[xxx].
1.
Instal Installl and connec connectt the antenn antenna a system system to to the the radio. radio. (Page 2-3)
2.
Conn Connect ect and and appl apply y DC pow power er to to the the radi radio. o. (Page 2-9) • Obse Observ rve e pola polari rity ty..
3.
Review Review and config configure ure radio radio setset-up up paramet parameters ers.. (Chapter 4) All radios are shipped from the factory set to Channel 1A and System Address 1. To ensure proper operation, make sure that all radios in a system have the same: • Chan Channe nell Set Set Desi Design gnat ator or [CHAN] • Syst System em Addr Addres ess s [ADDR] • Buff Buffer er Sett Settin ing g [ BUFF] Review and set each radio’s: • Oper Operat atin ing g Mod Mode e [MODE]—One “Master”; all others “Remote” • Desire Desired d Data Data Rate, Rate, byte byte lengt length h and parit parity y [ BAUD] • CTS Mo Mode: Stand-a d-alone [PCTS_Ø] MAS Extension [ PCTS_P] (at repeater) Closing the diagnostics channel automatically saves any programming changes.
4.
Verify Verify radi radio o commun communica icatio tions ns by obse observi rving ng LED LED displa display. y. (Page 2-13) • Master Master — TR TR flash flashing ing 4 time times/s s/seco econd nd • Remote Remotes s — CD ON (Mas (Master ter must must be be operati operating) ng)
5.
Connec Connectt the data data equipm equipment ent to to the the radio radio inte interfa rface. ce. (Pages 2-10 through 2-13) Stan tandard Int Interface Connection ions—No Flow low Control DB-25
DB-25
TXD
2
2
TXD
RXD
3
3
RXD
GND
7
7
GND
E U T RTS T D R
4
4
CTS
5
5
DTR
20
DSR
6
0 1 3 E 9 C S D D M
DB-9
DB-25
TXD
3
2
RXD
2
3
GND
5
7
0 1 3 E 9 RXD C S D D GND M
TXD
RXD
GND
RXD 3 E
8
5
7
DTR
4
8
DSR
6
RTS CTS
If required by RTU
Mult Multiiple ple Addr Addres ess s Inter nterfface ace DB9/ DB9/DB DB25 25 (See (See Figu Figure re 1-2) 1-2)
3
3
CTS
6
2
2
4
DSR
2
RXD
7
CTS
3
TXD
7
If required by RTU
0 1 3 E TXD 2 C S DRTS D M
2
5
RTS
DB-25
DB-25
3
GND
4
DB-25
DB-9 TXD
E U T RTS T D R
E U T DTR T D R
Multi ultip ple Addr Addre ess Int Interf erface ace DB25 DB25/D /DB2 B25 5 (See (See Figu Figure re 1-2) 1-2)
Where Remote Hardware Flow Control is Required
TXD RXD
4
5
CTS
7
7
GND
0 1 3 E 9 C S D D M
Point-Multipoint System Extension DB25/DB25 (See Figure 1-3)
0 1 9 C S D GND D M
RTS
*
CTS
*
Requires CTS_XXX command. (See Ch. 4) If required by RTU
DB9/DB25 Configuration DB-25
DB-25
TXD
2
2
TXD
RXD
3
3
RXD 3 9 E
GND
7
7
D GND D
E U T RTS T D R
4
4
RTS
CTS
5
5
CTS
DTR
20
DSR
6
0 1
C S M
*
*
Requires CTS_XXX command. (See Ch. 4)
If required by RTU
DB25/DB25 Configuration
P/O 05-2186A01, Rev. D 5/’97
MDS P/N 05-2186A01, Rev. D MAY 1997
MDS 9310 SPREAD SPECTRUM DATA TRANSCEIVER
INSTALLATION, OPERATION AND FIELD MAINTENANCE
Copyright © 1997 Microwave Data Systems All Rights Reserved
MICROWAVE DATA SYSTEMS 175 Science Parkway, Rochester, New York 14620 U.S.A. General Business (716) 242-9600, Sales & Customer Support (716) 242-9600, FAX (716) 242-9620
The following are trademarks…
Thruline™—Bird, Inc. HELIAX™—Andrew Corporation.
If further assistance is required, please contact: MICROWAVE DATA SYSTEMS A California Microwave Incorporated Division
175 Science Parkway Rochester New York 14620 U.S.A. Telephone No. (716) 242-9600 Fax No. (716) 242-9620 Copyright © 1997 by Microwave Data Systems All rights reserved.
TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1—GENERAL INTRODUCTION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1-1 FEATURES--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1-2 SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1-2 Point-Multipoint (Multiple Address) System -------------------------------------------------------1-2 Point-Multipoint System Extensions—The “Piggyback” Mode ---------------------------------1-3 GENERAL SYSTEM DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ------------------------------------------------------------1-3 SPECIFICATIONS -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1-5 FCC INFORMATION--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1-7 NEMA PACKAGED SYSTEMS-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1-8 GLOSSARY OF COMMON TERMS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------1-8
CHAPTER 2—INSTALLATION GENERAL INSTALLATION GUIDELINES ----------------------------------------------------------------------2-1 ANTENNA AND FEEDLINE SYSTEM ---------------------------------------------------------------------------2-3 Determining Maximum Antenna System Gain -----------------------------------------------------2-3 Types and Sources --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2-3 Mounting -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2-4 Feedline Selection---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2-5 Feedline Installation ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2-6 SURFACE MOUNTING THE TRANSCEIVER ------------------------------------------------------------------2-6 INSTALLATION IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS --------------------------------------------------------------2-8 ANTENNA CONNECTOR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2-8 POWER REQUIREMENTS-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2-9 POWER AND INTERFACE CONNECTIONS— SUMMARY----------------------------------------------- 2-10 POWER AND INTERFACE CONNECTIONS—PIN DESCRIPTIONS ------------------------------------ 2-11 FRONT PANEL INDICATORS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2-13 RADIO CONFIGURATION LABELS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2-13 FACTORY DEFAULTS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2-14
CHAPTER 3—FIELD TESTS AND ALIGNMENTS INTRODUCTION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3-1 TEST EQUIPMENT REQUIRED ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3-1 REMOTE DATA TERMINAL EMULATOR ----------------------------------------------------------------------3-2 OPERATION OF REMOTE DATA TERMINAL EMULATOR------------------------------------------------3-3 INTRODUCTION TO FIELD TESTS & ALIGNMENTS -------------------------------------------------------3-4 POWER SUPPLY, POWER OUTPUT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------3-5 TRANSMIT FREQUENCY & DEVIATION, AND RECEIVER SQUELCH---------------------------------3-6
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CHAPTER 4—PROGRAMMING AND DIAGNOSTICS INTRODUCTION------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4-1 REVIEWING AND PROGRAMMING RADIO ------------------------------------------------------------------ 4-2 PROGRAMMING RADIO OPERATING CONFIGURATION ------------------------------------------------ 4-2 NETWORK DIAGNOSTIC TESTS USING THE MDS HAND-HELD TERMINAL ---------------------- 4-7 EXTENDED LINK TESTING DIAGNOSTICS (XLINK) ------------------------------------------------------ 4-8 EXTENDED LINK TESTING DIAGNOSTICS (XLINK) -----------------------------------------------------4-10 DIAGNOSTIC AND CONTROL COMMAND SET ------------------------------------------------------------4-11 CONNECTING THE HAND-HELD TERMINAL TO THE RADIO -----------------------------------------4-13 OPENING THE RADIO DIAGNOSTIC CHANNEL -----------------------------------------------------------4-13 HAND-HELD TERMINAL KEYBOARD HIGHLIGHTS -----------------------------------------------------4-14 ERROR MESSAGES -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4-14 PROGRAM EXAMPLE----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4-14 PROGRAMMING OWNERS INFORMATION -----------------------------------------------------------------4-15 USING A STANDARD ASCII TERMINAL --------------------------------------------------------------------- 4-16 HAND-HELD TERMINAL DEFAULT SETTINGS ------------------------------------------------------------4-16 HAND-HELD TERMINAL COILED CORD WIRING--------------------------------------------------------- 4-17 HAND-HELD TERMINAL RJ-11/DB-25 ADAPTER WIRING ----------------------------------------------4-17
CHAPTER 5—THEORY OF OPERATION RECEIVE FRONT END ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5-1 HIGH IF---- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5-1 LOW IF ---- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5-1 RECEIVE AUDIO ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5-1 SQUELCH- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5-2 POWER SUPPLY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5-2 TRANSMIT POWER AMPLIFIER --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5-3 ANTENNA SWITCH-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5-3 KEYLINE AND CONTROL CIRCUITS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5-3 AUDIO/DATA SWITCHING---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5-3 MICROPROCESSOR/EEPROM------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5-4 TRANSMIT AUDIO--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5-4 PLL/SYNTHESIZER -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5-4 RS-232 DATA INTERFACE----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5-5 LED INDICATORS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5-5 HOP CONTROLLER BOARD--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5-5
CHAPTER 6—TROUBLESHOOTING UNIT DOES NOT TRANSMIT OR RECEIVE ------------------------------------------------------------------- 6-1 UNIT RECEIVES BUT DOES NOT TRANSMIT---------------------------------------------------------------- 6-1 UNIT TRANSMITS, BUT DOES NOT RECEIVE --------------------------------------------------------------- 6-1 UNIT RECEIVES AND TRANSMITS, BUT SYSTEM PERFORMANCE IS POOR ---------------------- 6-2 RADIO TESTS WITHOUT THE HOP CONTROLLER--------------------------------------------------------- 6-2
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
APPENDIX A—4800 BPS FSK MODEM APPENDIX B— MDS 9310-HL DATA TRANSCEIVER FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1-1. The MDS 9310 900 MHz Spread Spectrum Data Transceiver -------------------------------------1-1 Figure 1-2. Typical Point-Multipoint System -----------------------------------------------------------------------1-2 Figure 1-3. Typical Point-Multipoint System Extension ----------------------------------------------------------1-3 Figure 2-1. Hardware Configuration Key in Serial Number Label -----------------------------------------------2-2 Figure 2-2. Mounting Dimensions—Front View -------------------------------------------------------------------2-7 Figure 2-3. Mounting Dimensions—Top View ---------------------------------------------------------------------2-7 Figure 2-4. Primary Power, Data and Antenna Connectors -------------------------------------------------------2-8 Figure 3-1. Remote Data Terminal Emulator Wiring --------------------------------------------------------------3-2 Figure 3-2. Exploded View of Transceiver and Plug-in Modules ------------------------------------------------3-3 Figure 3-3. 4800 BPS FSK Modem ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------3-7 Figure 3-4. 9310 Main Circuit Board Test Points and Adjustable Components --------------------------------3-9 Figure 4-1. Representation of Frequency Sub-Groups and Masking Profiles-----------------------------------4-5 Figure 4-2. Network Diagnostic Entry Points & Capabilities -----------------------------------------------------4-7 Figure 4-3. MDS Hand-Held Terminal Connected to an MDS 9310 Transceiver --------------------------- 4-13 Figure 5-1. MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum Transceiver Block Diagram ------------------------------------------5-7 Figure A-1. MDS 4800 BPS Modem Block Diagram-------------------------------------------------------------A-2 Figure A-2. MDS 4800 Baud Modem Assembly Diagram -------------------------------------------------------A-3
TABLES Table 2-1. Antenna Selection Guide----------------------------------------------------------------------------------2-3 Table 2-2. Directional Antennas for Remote Stations--------------------------------------------------------------2-4 Table 2-3. Omni-directional Antennas for Master Stations -------------------------------------------------------2-4 Table 2-4. Coaxial Cable Signal Loss vs. Length ------------------------------------------------------------------2-6 Table 2-5. Power & Interface Connector Functions -------------------------------------------------------------- 2-10 Table 2-6. External Indicators --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2-13 Table 2-7. Factory Defaults ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2-14 Table 3-1. Master Station Channel’s Home Frequencies ----------------------------------------------------------3-4 Table 4-1. MDS 9310 Compatible Software ------------------------------------------------------------------------4-1 Table 4-2. Programming And Command Set ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 4-11 Table 4-3. Hand-Held Terminal Operating Defaults ------------------------------------------------------------- 4-17 Table 4-4. DB-25 Interface Adapter Wiring----------------------------------------------------------------------- 4-17 Table 6-1. Channel Home Frequencies Without Hop Controller Installed --------------------------------------6-3
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
CHAPTER 1—GENERAL INTRODUCTION
The MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum Transceiver combines the latest digital radio and spread spectrum technology into a 1200–9600 bps RF link. It provides a transparent, half-duplex RS-232 connection between two or more points, suitable for most remote telemetry applications. The MDS 9310 is specifically designed for use in the 902–928 MHz unlicensed frequency band, and is very similar to the other members of the MDS 2310 digital radio family, employing the most advanced RF, digital, and software technologies available. There are, however, several differences between the MDS 2310 and MDS 9310 radios. The most notable difference in the MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum Transceiver is that it spreads its carrier signal over a wide range of frequencies, using a special kind of spreading technique known as Frequency Hopping. In all other ways, the radio functions like any other narrowband FM transceiver, except that it is constantly changing its carrier frequency, at a rate of four times each second. Because this hopping technique is conducted in accordance with FCC Part 15 Rules governing such operation, the user does not need any license in order to operate systems using the MDS 9310. Also unique to the MDS 9310 is a special data processing engine, installed within the transceiver housing. This processor takes incoming RS-232 data and assembles it into small data packets. A processor at the receiving end of each link decodes these packets back into ordinary RS-232 data. The information is carefully buffered so that data which goes into the radio in a seamless stream remains seamless at the receiving end. The nature of the frequency hopping remains transparent to the end user.
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DATA INTERFACE ANTENNA
DC POWER
Figure 1-1. The MDS 9310 900 MHz Spread Spectrum Data Transceiver
The MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum Transceiver’s design is highlighted by a compact and rugged die-cast aluminum case which houses the RF unit, and all modem and interface circuitry.
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
1-1
FEATURES
The MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum Transceiver features an internal microprocessor that provides user programmable operating parameters such as operating channel, hop pattern, radio’s system address, and data interface baud rate. The programming of the radio settings is done through the DB-25 Interface/Power connector, eliminating the need to remove the radio from the RTU or open its top cover. Programming is done via an MDS–supplied Hand-Held Terminal (HHT). As an alternative, an IBM PC or compatible computer can be used when equipped with MDS-supplied software. The radio’s microprocessor provides a verification of the operating parameters and values to the HandHeld Terminal or PC, eliminating the need to verify the changes with additional test equipment. The MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum radio transmitter is modulated by frequency shift keying (FSK), the frequency being controlled directly by the digital output of the internal modem. The MDS 9310 is capable of interfacing with data equipment at standard rates of 1200, 2400 4800 or 9600 bits per second (bps) with an asynchronous interface to the local terminal unit. All over the air transmission is sent at 4800 bps. The annunciator or LED indicator panel on the transceiver’s face shows the radio’s performance without removing the housing cover. SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS Point-Multipoint (Multiple Address) System
This is a common application of the MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum transceiver. It consists of a central control station (Master) and a number of associated Remote radio stations. This network provides communications between a central host computer that is charged with control and data collection from a remote terminal unit (RTU) or programmable logic controller (PLC) connected to each of the remote stations. The operation of the radio network is transparent to the computer equipment. Data over the radio network is handled at a rate of 4800 bps. Figure 1-2 shows a typical system. Remote Terminal
Remote Radio
Remote Terminal
Remote Radio
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T R T D
M R I N
C D R D
1 3 . 8 V D + C –
A N T E N NA
Remote Terminal
M D S 9 3 0 0 S E R I E S T R A N S C E IV E R
IN T E R FA C E
T R M R T D
I N
C D
1 3. 8 V + D C –
A N T E N NA
R D
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Remote Radio
I N T E R FA C E
T R M R C D
Remote Radio
Remote Terminal
T D
M D S 9 3 0 0 S E R IE S T R A N S C E I V E R
M D S 9 3 0 0 S E R IE S T R A N S C E I V E R
I N T E R FA C E
T R M R T D
I N
C D
1 3. 8 V D C + –
A N T E N NA
I N
1 3. 8 V D C + –
A N T E N NA
R D
Master Radio
I N T E R FA C E
Remote Terminal
M D S 9 3 0 0 S E R I E S T R A N S C E I V E R
I N T E R FA C E
Remote Radio
R D T R M R T D I N
C D R D
1 3 8 V D . + C –
A N T E N NA
T R T D
M R C D I N
1 3.8 + V D C –
A N T E N NA
R D
Host System
Figure 1-2. Typical Point-Multipoint System
1-2
GENERAL
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
Point-Multipoint System Extensions—The “Piggyback” Mode
The MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum transceiver is a natural solution for extending the range of a licensed point-multipoint system. Two MDS 9310 transceivers can provide a single data channel from a location that the Master Station of the point-multipoint system cannot communicate with directly. There may be an artificial obstruction, such as a building, or a natural obstruction such as a hill or mountain blocking the radio signals between the two sites. A pair of MDS 9310 transceivers is required—one placed at the location of the remote terminal and the second at a location that allows communications between the Master Station of the point-multipoint network and the blocked remote location. To maximize the range and minimize potential interference, each MDS 9310 radio should be equipped with a directional antenna. Figure 1-3 shows a typical system. In this arrangement, one MDS 9310 transceiver is a Master radio and the second MDS 9310 is a Remote. One of these MDS 9310 radios is connected through its data interface port to the data interface port of the point-multipoint remote transceiver. In an MDS equipped point-multipoint radio system, this would commonly be an MDS 2310 data transceiver. The data interface is wired through a standard “null-modem” cable. In order to complete the connection into the point-multipoint network, a keyline is provided to the MDS 2310 transceiver through the use of the PCTS_P or “Piggyback Mode”. The only MDS 9310 in the network that requires this setting is the radio directly connected into the point-multipoint network thorough a “null-modem” cable. (See Figure 1-3.) This setting will allow the CTS output from the MDS 9310 to key the RTS input to the associated MDS 2310 transceiver and wait 15 milliseconds (default) before outputting data. You may daisy-chain multiple “Tail End” links or use point-multipoint network of MDS 9310 transceivers on the tail end of the network. Note: The Link Test and Poll Test diagnostic functions are only available through a direct connection with an MDS 9310 radio transceiver. M D S 9 30 0 S E R IE S T RA N S C E IV E R
I N T E R FA C E
T R M R C D T D I N R D
A N T EN N A
M DS 93 0 0 SE R E I S T R A N SC E V I E R
I N T E R FA C E
T R M R C D TD
Remote Terminal
I N
A N T E N NA
R D
M D S 9 30 0 S E RI E S TR A N S C EI V ER
I NT E R F A C E
TR
M R C D T D I N R D
MDS 9310
MDS 9310
MDS 2310
A N T E N N A
Master Station MASTERSTATIONRADIO
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I N T E R FA C E
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TRANSMITTERA
ACTIVE
M R C D I N
1 3. 8 V D C + –
T R M R
A N T E N NA
T D
R D
I N
C D
1 3. 8 V D C + –
T D
R D
I N
C D
SIDEA POWER
A N T E N NA
R D ALARM
Null Modem Cable
TRANSMITTE RB
ACTIVE ALARM RFALARM LOALARM
ACALARM
TEST RECEIVERA
ACTIVE
“Tail End” Link
B
LOALARM
T R M R
A N T E N NA
A
REMOTECONTROL RFALARM
DCALARM
T R T D
TXSELECT
ALARM
I N T E R FA C E
A
B
ORDER WIRE
DCALARM TEST
RXSELECT
SIDEB POWER
RECEIVERB
ACTIVE ALARM
Point-Multipoint System
Figure 1-3. Typical Point-Multipoint System Extension GENERAL SYSTEM DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
The MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum radio transceiver has been specifically designed for use in point-multipoint radio system configurations. These systems are typically half-duplex and the MDS 9310 will only operate in the half-duplex mode. Applications for computer-tocomputer networks are generally full-duplex, and although possible, are generally not well suited to the use of MDS 9310 radios.
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
GENERAL
1-3
The MDS 9310 shares a frequency spectrum with other services and other FCC Part 15 devices in the U.S.A. As such, near 100% error free communications may not be realized in a given location and some level of interference should be expected. However, the radio’s flexible design and hopping techniques should allow adequate performance of an point-multipoint system as long as care is taken in choosing station location, configuration of parameters and software/protocol techniques. In general, the following guidelines apply. 1.
Interference from other services is least likely in rural settings. The next best would be suburban followed by urban environments.
2.
The radio’s channel may be changed to avoid or lessen the impact of many narrow band interference sources. The MDS 9310 system includes IBM PC based software which will help you determine the best operating channel. The “LINKTEST.EXE” program from the diagnostic disk will give you a good picture of the quality of the currently selected channel/hop pattern. These tests require a master and at a minimum one Remote station to be set up as an evaluation system.
3.
Multiple MDS 9310 systems can co-exist in close proximity to each other and by using different hop patterns, will only occasionally interfere with each other—even if the two systems are on the same base channel. Each network will require a unique System Address in areas where Remote stations of one system could “hear” the Master of another nearby system.
4.
The MDS 9310 incorporates Hardware Flow Control to prevent data overruns. As the radio cycles through its hop pattern, it must unkey for a short period each time it moves to a new frequency. This would normally cause a data overflow to occur when the RTU or PLC tried to send long bursts of data (greater than 2 kilobytes at 4800 bps or 120 bytes at 9600 bps). To prevent this problem, the radio drops the CTS line when it approaches a buffer overflow. This alerts the RTU or PLC to pause sending data. We still do not recommend sending very long streams of data—statistics on packet error rates prove that successful transmission is more likely with a series of small frames, each with its own checksum and retry sequence. However, the radio does support full CTS handshaking to help prevent buffer overruns.
1-4
5.
All messages must be error-checked and retransmission schemes implemented. Always expect some level of errors and plan the system accordingly. For example, if an expected poll response is not received within a desired time limit or on the first try, do not set the polled equipment off-line without attempting to retry a number of times. Allow for retries in all timing analysis.
6.
The MDS 9310 transceiver will operate with ASYNC 7 or 8 bit data at 1200, 2400, 4800 or 9600 baud. (Any combination of speed, data bits & parity is supported. See Table 4-2.)
GENERAL
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
SPECIFICATIONS: MDS 9310 SPREAD SPECTRUM TRANSCEIVER General
Frequency Hopping Range: Half Duplex Operation: Simplex Channels: Half-Duplex Channels: Hop Patterns: System Address: Loopback Code:
64 frequencies per channel over 902–928 MHz 13 or 15 MHz TX/RX spacing (spacing channel dependent) 1 (Channel 7) 7 (user selectable) 4 (user selectable) 1-255 (user selectable) ØØØØ-9,999 (user selectable)
Size:
2.0" x 5.625" x 9.25" (5.0 x 14.3 x 23.5 cm) NOTE: The size dimensions include the POWER/INTERFACE connector, but do not include mounting hardware, connector housings or power cable
Weight:
Maximum 3.5 pounds (1.6 kg)
Case:
Die-cast aluminum
Data Characteristics
Signaling Standard:
RS-232C interface
Connector:
DB-25
Interface Data Rate:
1200, 2400, 4800 or 9600 bps asynchronous (User selectable)
Data Turnaround Time:
Seamless data mode: 90–180 msec Quick Response Mode: 20–90 msec
Data Parameters:
7 or 8 data bits (Any combination of speed, data bits, & parity is supported. See Table 4-2.)
Maximum Data Transmit:
Continuous at 1200 and 2400 bps; about 2 kilobytes at 4800 bps; 120 bytes at 9600 bps
Transmitter
Frequency Range:
Master: 902–915 MHz Remote: 915–928 MHz
Modulation Type:
Binary CPFSK
RF Power Output:
1.0 Watt (+30 dBm) Maximum w/unity gain antenna Power adjustable to 0.25 Watts (+24 dBm)
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
GENERAL
1-5
Transmitter (Continued)
Duty Cycle:
Continuous, 100%
Output Impedance:
50 ohms
Frequency Stability:
± 0.00015% (1.5 PPM), –22° to 140°F –30° to +60° C
Bandwidth Compatibility:
12.5 kHz
Spurious & Harmonic Emissions:
–65 dBc
Time-Out Timer:
13 seconds
Transmitter Keying:
Data activated
Receiver
Frequency Range:
Master: 915–928 MHz Remote: 902–915 MHz
Type:
Double conversion superheterodyne
Frequency Stability:
± 0.00015% (1.5 PPM), –22° to 140° F –30° to +60° C
Bit Error Rate:
Less than BER 1x10 –6 at –105 dBm
Intermodulation:
75 dB minimum (EIA)
Desensitization:
65 dB minimum (EIA) on 25 kHz channels
Spurious:
85 dB minimum
Bandwidth:
12.5 kHz
Squelch Opening Time:
2 msec
Primary Power
Voltage:
13.8 Vdc nominal (10.5–16.0 Vdc Operating Range)
TX Supply Current:
1.0 A typical, 1.2 A maximum, varies with power output setting
RX Supply Current:
150 mA typical
Power Cable:
Integral part of POWER/INTERFACE connector, six foot (1.8 m) cable assembly included
Fuse:
4 Amperes, internal
Reverse Polarity Protection:
Diode across primary power input
1-6
GENERAL
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
Environmental
Humidity:
95% at 40°C; non-condensing
Temperature Range:
Full performance: –22° to + 140°F –30° to + 60°C
Diagnostic Interface
Signaling Standard:
RS-232C interface
Connector:
DB-25
I/O Devices:
MDS Hand-Held Terminal IBM compatible PC when using one of MDS’ compatible software packages. (See Chapter 4 for more information.)
Agency Approvals
FCC:
Part 15.247 FCC approved
INDUSTRY CANADA:
TRC–76 Compliance Certified
UL:
Approvals pending for Class 1, Div. 2; Groups A, B, C and D; hazardous locations
FM:
Approved for Class 1, Div. 2; Groups A, B, C and D; hazardous locations
FCC INFORMATION
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: 1.
This device may not cause harmful interference, and
2.
This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
This device is specifically designed to be used under Section 15.247 of the FCC Rules. Any unauthorized modification or changes to this device without the express approval of Microwave Data Systems may void the user's authority to operate this device. Furthermore, this device is intended to be used only when installed in accordance with the instructions outlined in this manual. Failure to comply with these instructions may also void the user's authority to operate this device. Refer to Chapter 2 of this manual for specific installation instructions.
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
GENERAL
1-7
NEMA PACKAGED SYSTEMS
The MDS 9310 is available in several small system configurations. The standard MDS 9355 includes an MDS radio transceiver, an AC or DC power supply and an over-voltage isolated interface and utility PC board, packaged in a NEMA-4 outdoor housing. Information for packaged models (MDS 9355/9360) is contained in a separate publication devoted to the NEMA packaged system products. The MDS part number for this publication is 05-2818A01. GLOSSARY OF COMMON TERMS
The following are a few of the common terms used in this manual that may be new to the readers of this manual. The descriptions are brief; however, detailed descriptions are covered in other parts of this manual. Hardware Flow Control ----An MDS 9310 feature used to prevent buffer overruns when handling 4800 or 9600 bps data from the RTU or PLC. When the buffer approaches overflow, the radio drops the CTS line, which instructs the RTU or PLC to pause. Hop/Hopping ----------------The MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum transceiver’s carrier frequency changes on a regular basis among one of seven groups of 64 frequencies. Since the pattern appears to jump around, it is said to “hop” from one frequency to another. This hopping is required for compliance with FCC Part 15 regulations. Loopback Code --------------User selectable four digit number between ØØØØ and 9,999 used as a radio unit identifier in conjunction with the “LINKTEST.EXE” program to perform diagnostic tests of the radios in the network. Mask Command -------------The Mask command allows the user to “lock out” up to 14 frequencies from the hop pattern, thereby eliminating or improving interference problems. Chapter 4 contains detailed instructions for using the Mask command. Master (Station) -------------The one radio transceiver in each MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum network that automatically provides synchronization information to all of the other stations. Multiple Address (MAS)--- See Point-Multipoint. Piggyback Mode ------------Operational mode of an MDS 9310 transceiver used to extend the range of an MAS radio system. Provides a keyline (RTS) for the interface to the extended system equipment. Point-Multipoint-------------A radio communications network or system designed with a central control station that is the entry point for a communication network for the exchange of data with a number of locations equipped with terminal equipment. System Address -------------User selectable number between 1 and 255 that is used to identify a group of MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum transceivers working together to form a communications network.
1-8
GENERAL
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
CHAPTER 2—INSTALLATION DANGER The MDS 9310-HL Spread Spectrum Radio Transceiver is approved for use in Class I, Groups A, B, C & D, Division 2, Hazardous Locations. The installer of these transceivers MUST be familiar with hazardous location installation guidelines before any installation or maintenance is begun. Do not begin installation of or make external connections to this device unless the area is known to be non-hazardous. Refer to Appendix B of this manual for further information on the approved conditions under which the MDS 9310-HL can be installed in hazardous locations.
NOTE This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules and Regulations. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: 1. this device may not cause harmful interference; and 2. this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. This device is specifically designed to be used under Section 15.247 of the FCC Rules and Regulations. Any unauthorized modification or changes to this device without the express approval of Microwave Data Systems may void the user’s authority to operate this device. Furthermore, this device is intended to be used only when installed in accordance with the instructions outlined in this manual. Failure to comply with these instructions may also void the user's authority to operate this device.
GENERAL INSTALLATION GUIDELINES
There are three critical objectives to be met during the installation of a good radio system. They are an adequate and stable primary power supply, the correct interface between the transceiver and the external data equipment, and an efficient antenna system. To aid MDS customers during installation, every MDS radio product is shipped from the factory with final test data sheets from our Manufacturing Test Department. The test data sheets contain very detailed information about how the radio is configured (hardware & software) and actual measurements of performance. Included in the data sheets are the transmit and receive frequency (as measured), receive sensitivity, transmitter power output and modulation characteristics, as well as pre-programmed loopback code. In most cases, the radio transceiver as shipped from the factory requires no alignment during installation. Continued on next page.
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
INSTALLATION
2-1
GENERAL INSTALLATION GUIDELINES Continued
The following are the steps for a typical installation of each radio unit. More detailed information is provided later in this chapter for each of these steps. 1.
Install the antenna and transmission line, and preset the antenna heading.
2.
Determine how the radio hardware is configured—Master or Remote. Only one Master per system. See Figure 2-1 for serial number code; alternative—use HHT and “MODE” command.
3.
Mount the transceiver on a stable surface.
4.
Measure and install the primary power for the transceiver.
5.
Verify that the unit serial number is the same as found on the test data sheet.
6.
Verify interface requirements and protocol. See Chapter 4 for details. • Make sure the baud rate of the transceiver is set to that of the terminal equipment—this should be 1200, 2400, 4800 or 9600 bps as required. • Determine that the external data equipment works with asynchronous data. This transceiver supports asynchronous 10 bite data format only. • Program the channel, hop pattern and system address in each radio.
7.
Connect the antenna, primary power and external interface equipment as required to the transceiver.
8.
Verify the transmit antenna gain, set the transceiver’s power output accordingly, and verify low antenna VSWR (or reflected power). See Antenna and Feedline System below, and Chapter 3 for details.
9.
Key the transmitter and optimize the transmit and receive signals by refining the antenna heading.
10. Verify the basic operation of the system by establishing data communications between the remote and the master stations. NOTE
The radio hops over 64 frequencies and it may take up to sixteen seconds for a remote radio to lock to the synchronization message from the master station. If a synchronized remote does not hear its master for several seconds, it stops hopping and waits to re-acquire lock. This should complete the basic steps in the installation of the transceiver. More detailed information will follow in this chapter. M = Master Radio Hardware R = Remote Radio Hardware
MODEL: 9310MN1HØN
SERIAL # 343590
Figure 2-1. Hardware Configuration Key in Serial Number Label
2-2
INSTALLATION
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
ANTENNA AND FEEDLINE SYSTEM Determining Maximum Antenna System Gain
The MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum is designed to be part of a data communications system. Since this device is intended for unlicensed operation under Section 15.247 of the FCC Rules, the effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) is limited to 6 dBw. The EIRP is dependent on the transmit output power, the antenna feedline loss, and the antenna gain. The MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum Transceiver is supplied from the factory adjusted to 1 Watt RF output on the test channel; this is the maximum transmitter output power allowed under the rules. The power level must be decreased from 1 Watt if the transmitting antenna has more than 6 dBi* (dB relative to an isotropic radiator) gain. The rule is that for each additional dBi of antenna gain, the power output must be reduced 1 dB. For most MAS applications the antennas used are typically 10 dBd gain (dB referenced to half-wave dipole) unidirectional (Yagi) at the remote site, and 10 dBd omni-directional arrays at the master site. However, each system may be different, and the system designer may choose to use smaller, less expensive antennas with less gain. Therefore, the installer must be familiar with the particular type of antenna used, and be prepared to adjust the power output accordingly. Table 2-1 shows typical antenna gains, the equivalent isotropic gain, and the maximum allowed MDS 9310 transmitter output level for each antenna. Table 2-1. Antenna Selection Guide Antenna Gain
Isotropic Gain
Power Output Setting
0
2.15
1.0
3
5.15
1.0
6
8.15
0.6
10
12.15
0.25
(dBd)*
(dBi)
(Watts)
* Note that the antenna gain (shown in the first c olumn) represents the numbers most antenna manufacturers list on their data sheets. To convert these to isotropic gain, add 2.15 to the rated gain in dBd of the antenna.
Also, the above power output levels are calculated with the assumption that the feedline loss is negligible. In most applications it is, due to the short length or correct choice of feedline. Types and Sources
The MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum Transceiver can be used with a number of types of antennas. The exact style used depends on the physical size and layout of a system. A directional Yagi or corner reflector antenna is generally recommended for use on all remote stations to minimize interference both to and from other users. Good antennas of this type are available from a number of manufacturers. Some typical examples are listed in Table 2-2.
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
INSTALLATION
2-3
Table 2-2. Directional Antennas for Remote Stations Manufacturer Model Number Antenna Specialists --------ASPG 962 DB Products -----------------DB 498-K MAXRAD --------------------- MYA 9306 Sinclair ------------------------SRL-406 HD Celwave-----------------------PD 1612 SCALA ------------------------TY-900
Other possibilities include unity-gain, omni-directional types that have no directivity but may be significantly less expensive than the Yagi type, and serve a system that covers a very small area. Regardless of the type used, make sure that the exact antenna gain is known before installation is complete, so that the transmitter power can be set properly, and compliance with Part 15 ensured. Table 2-3 lists examples of omni-directional antennas for master stations in an point-multipoint system. Table 2-3. Omni-directional Antennas for Master Stations Manufacturer Model Number Antenna Specialists --------ASPG-952 Celwave-----------------------PD-1110 SCALA/Kathrein ------------740-189 Sinclair ------------------------SRL-480
Mounting
The antenna manufacturer’s recommended mounting configuration for a particular antenna must be strictly adhered to. Using the proper mounting hardware and bracket will assure a secure mounting arrangement with no pattern distortion. Any metallic object close to the antenna will distort the radiation pattern and, in severe cases, detune the antenna enough to cause a high VSWR on the antenna feedline. The antenna should always be mounted at least 10 feet from the radio, RTU, sensors, and other components of the system being monitored. CAUTION
Strong fields near the antenna can seriously interfere with the operation of low level RTU circuits and change the reported values of the parameters being monitored. Also, objects in the near field of the antenna can increase VSWR and distort the antenna pattern, resulting in reduced system performance.
Precautions
2-4
a.
Mount the antenna in a clear space as far as possible from obstructions such as buildings, metal objects, foliage, etc.
b.
Make sure that the field is clear in the direction of the master station.
c.
Orient the antenna in the direction of the master station.
INSTALLATION
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
NOTE
A Yagi antenna can be oriented for either horizontal or vertical polarization. All systems using a gain type omni-directional antenna at the master station employ vertical polarization of the signal; requiring the remote antenna to also be oriented for vertical polarization, with its elements perpendicular to the earth's surface. If the antenna is mounted with its elements parallel to the ground (horizontal polarization), the received signal strength can be reduced by 20 dB or more. If the Master is using horizontal polarized antenna, the Remote station antennas must be oriented in the same way or the signal will be attenuated. Feedline Selection
Choice of correct feedline (the coaxial cable that connects the radio to the antenna) for the particular circumstances of each installation is very important; improper cables can seriously degrade system performance and low loss cables can be quite expensive. The system designer can find the following discussion helpful in choosing feedlines. For example, 100 feet of RG-58A/U cable (commonly used for low frequency operation) has an insertion loss of 20 dB at 950 MHz. A 1 watt transmitter operating into such a feedline would produce only 10 milliwatts at the antenna; a similar loss in receiver sensitivity would result and no amount of gain at the receiver can recover the signal lost in the feedline. On the other hand, a 100 foot length of 1 5/8" cable has a loss of 0.82 dB at the same frequency, but its cost is many times greater than RG-58A/U. In any point-multipoint system there will be a distribution of Remote stations, with some closer to the master station than others. For the close-in units, feedline loss may be more easily tolerated if signal strength is high, and 6 dB or more loss can be acceptable. For the furthest-out remote units, each dB of loss directly affects bit error rate and the amount of time the system misses polls due to fading. Here, it is good practice to keep feedline losses well under 3 dB, with a target loss of only 1 dB. NOTE
For each 3 dB of feedline loss, half the transmitter power is lost and twice the received signal strength is needed to produce the same bit error rate. RG-8A/U is a widely available and inexpensive feedline that is suitable for close-in remote units or those with short feedlines. For longer feedlines and lower losses, HELIAX™ or similar cable is a good choice. Table 2-4 shows the maximum length of various types of cable that can be used to give 1, 3, 6 or 9 dB feedline loss.
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
INSTALLATION
2-5
Table 2-4. Coaxial Cable Signal Loss vs. Length LENGTH IN FEET (AND METERS) TO PRODUCE INDICATED LOSS AT 900 MHz
CABLE TYPE
1 dB
3 dB
RG-8
11 (3.35)
33 (10.05)
1/2 inch Foam HELIAX
38 (11.58)
7/8 inch Foam HELIAX
83 (25.30)
1-5/8 inch Foam HELIAX 114 (34.75)
6 dB
9 dB
67 (33.22)
100 (30.48)
115 (35.05)
231 (121.01)
346 (105.46)
250 (76.20)
500 (152.40)
750 (228.60)
341 (103.94)
682 (207.87)
1022 (311.51)
Feedline Installation
It is absolutely essential that the feedline connectors be installed in accordance with the manufacturers' instructions for the particular type of connector used. Also, any special tooling required for mounting the connectors must be used, to assure maximum mechanical and electrical reliability. Be careful to check that the finished center pin dimensions are within specifications, so that no damage to mating connectors occurs when the two are joined. Connectors that are exposed to outdoor environments must be sealed to prevent moisture buildup in the connector. In extreme cases, rain water can get into a connector and literally fill the entire feedline with water, thus creating a very lossy cable that will have to be replaced. There are a few good methods for weatherproofing these outside connections; consult the cable or connector manufacturer for their recommended materials and procedures. The feedline itself must also be installed carefully in order to prevent short-term or long-term damage. Short-term damage can consist of kinking, twisting or excessive elongation of the cable, during installation. Harmful long-term effects could be due to improper connector sealing, a bend that is too tight, insufficient strain relief on the cable when mounted on the tower, or excessive flexing and vibration due to wind. SURFACE MOUNTING THE TRANSCEIVER
Using the supplied brackets, the MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum Transceiver can be mounted in any position inside heated or unheated buildings. For outdoor mounting, the unit must be protected within a customer-supplied weatherproof housing. The MDS 9310 die cast package withstands “casual” water, such as drips, occasional spills, or condensation, but it is not suitable for continuous exposure to rain or wind-driven moisture. The MDS 9310 can be installed at locations where an MDS 2310 transceiver has been installed. The hole pattern for the transceiver mounting plate is the same as the MDS 2310. See Figures 2-2 and 2-3 for details and dimensions. To install the unit:
2-6
a.
Choose a location providing easy access to the fasteners so that the entire unit can be readily removed for service or replacement, yet allows for viewing of the LED indicators on the front of the enclosure.
b.
Fasten the brackets to the mounting surface with a 1/4" (.635 cm) bolt, screw, or lag screw (fasteners are not provided) through each of the four holes in the mounting bracket.
c.
If mounting surface is uneven, use three fasteners instead of four to prevent warping of the mounting bracket. INSTALLATION
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
5.625" 14.29 CM
ANTENNA
2.25" 5.71 CM
2.0" 5.08 CM
INTERFACE TR CS CD
T D S Q RD
Figure 2-2. Mounting Dimensions—Front View 8.5" 21.59 CM 6.75" 17.14 CM
" M 5 C 7 . 8 2 9 . 6
MDS 9300 SERIES TRANSCEIVER
M " C 5 9 2 . 4 9 . 3 2
Figure 2-3. Mounting Dimensions—Top View
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
INSTALLATION
2-7
INSTALLATION IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS
The following sections describe how to make connections of external equipment to the transceiver in typical installations. These recommendations may not be appropriate for all locations as local electric wiring or fire codes may prescribe unique standards. The National Electrical Code is commonly the basis for local wiring guidelines and is recommended in the absence of local standards. For hazardous locations, an approved version of the MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum transceiver is available with appropriate documentation.
DANGER The MDS 9310-HL Spread Spectrum Radio Transceiver is approved for use in Class I, Groups A, B, C & D, Division 2, Hazardous Locations. The installer of these transceivers MUST be familiar with hazardous location installation guidelines before any installation or maintenance is begun. Do not begin installation of or make external connections to this device unless the area is known to be non-hazardous. Refer to Appendix B of this manual for further information on the approved conditions under which the MDS 9310-HL can be installed in hazardous locations.
ANTENNA CONNECTOR
The ANTENNA Connector on the front panel of the MDS 9310 Transceiver (Figure 2-4) is the RF connector. It is an industry standard female type “N” connector and mates with a standard type “N” male connector, such as Amphenol 3900 (MIL Type UG-21) for RG-8/U cable.
M D S 9 3 0 0 S E R I E S T R A N S C E I V E R
I N T E R FA C E
T R M R T D
I N
C D
A N T E N N A
R D
DATA INTERFACE ANTENNA
DC POWER
Figure 2-4. Primary Power, Data and Antenna Connectors
2-8
INSTALLATION
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
The cable terminator must have a Type “N” connector; the exact style of the cable terminator will depend on the type of cable used in the antenna system. If large diameter rigid or semirigid coaxial cable is used for the feedline (see Antenna and Feedline System section), use a short length of flexible cable, such as RG-8/U, between the transceiver and the feedline. This flexible interface eliminates tight bends in the feedline and reduces bending and mechanical stresses on the feedline and connectors. POWER REQUIREMENTS
DANGER The MDS 9310-HL Spread Spectrum Radio Transceiver is approved for use in Class I, Groups A, B, C & D, Division 2, Hazardous Locations. The installer of these transceivers MUST be familiar with hazardous location installation guidelines before any installation or maintenance is begun. Do not begin installation of or make external connections to this device unless the area is known to be non-hazardous. Refer to Appendix B of this manual for further information on the approved conditions under which the MDS 9310-HL can be installed in hazardous locations. The radio is powered from +13.8 Vdc power source connected through the DB-25 interface connector on the transceiver’s front panel. The primary power source should have a terminal nominal voltage between 12 and 15 Vdc and be capable of supplying a minimum of 2 amperes. A custom power cable and adapter is provided with each radio. The red lead is the positive line and the black lead is the negative or return line. NOTE
Under no circumstances should the nominal supply voltage drop below 10.5 volts or rise above 16 volts. The supply must be sufficiently regulated to limit any change in its output voltage to one volt or less when the transceiver alternates between transmit and receive. The power output is factory adjusted for 1.0 watt at 13.8 volts. If the actual supply voltage is not 13.8 volts under load, the power output should be adjusted to 1 watt before the unit is put into service. One approach to powering the MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum Transceiver from 120 Vac and providing for backup power during power outages is to “float” charge a 12 Vdc lead-acid battery from a regulated 13.8 Vdc power supply. The radio can then be connected directly across the battery terminals. The power supply should be equipped with current limiting to protect it in the event the battery becomes deeply discharged during a long outage. The battery used should be designed for deep discharge service. Such batteries are available from industrial battery distributors or from retail outlets where they are sold as power sources for recreational vehicles (RVs) or for electric “trolling” motors for sport fishing.
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
INSTALLATION
2-9
POWER AND INTERFACE CONNECTIONS— SUMMARY
On the left side of the front panel is the interface connector, J1, consisting of a standard 25pin female “D” style connector. The Power and Interface connector must be plugged into J1 in order to provide primary power to the radio and an RFI filtered data interface. Mating DB-25 male connectors, such as the ITT CANNON #DB-25-P are well suited for the data interface functions. This type of connector is manufactured by many firms and are available from electronic parts distributors or at most retail electronics stores. Pin connections for the transceiver’s interface connector are summarized in Table 2-5, the DB-25 Power and Interface Connector Pin Functions chart. 1.
The radio is configured as DCE (Data Circuit-terminating Equipment).
2.
When interfacing to other equipment it should be noted that other pin functions of the DB-25 INTERFACE connector, such as PTT, Receive Audio, Transmit Audio and RSSI are still active and should normally be left open/unterminated. Connecting these pins to a computer terminal that also uses these pins for auxiliary connections can cause the unit not to function properly. The use of an interface connector that connects only the required pins is recommended. Table 2-5. Power & Interface Connector Functions 13
25
1
14
Viewed from Outside of the Radio Pin No. & Function
Pin No. & Function
1.
Protective Ground and Primary Power Negative (DC–)
14. Push-To-Talk (PTT)***
2.
Transmit Data In (TXD)*
16. No Connection
3.
Received Data Out (RXD)
17. Receive Clock (RC)***
4.
Request-To-Send (RTS)*
18. Primary Power Positive (DC+)
5.
Clear-To-Send (CTS)
19. +8 Vdc/10 mA Output
6.
Data Set Ready (DSR)**
20. No Connection
7.
Signal Ground
21. Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)
8.
Data Carrier Detect (DCD)
22. No Connection
9.
Transmit Audio Input***
10. Receiver Unsquelched Sensor
23. Open Diagnostics Channel (Ground enables diagnostic communication)
11. Receiver Filtered Audio Output***
24. No Connection
12. No Connection
25. Out-of-Lock Alarm
15. Transmit Clock (TC)***
13. No Connection * Data, signal, or control input functions. ** DSR wired to +8 Vdc through 1 K Ω resistor. *** For factory tests purposes only. Do not make any connections to this pin.
2-10
INSTALLATION
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
POWER AND INTERFACE CONNECTIONS—PIN DESCRIPTIONS
The following description covers the INTERFACE Connector pin functions of the POWER/INTERFACE assembly. PIN 1: Protective Ground and Primary Power Negative (DC–) PIN 2: TXD
RS-232 compatible input pin connected to the transmit data input port of the transceiver. Data appearing on this pin will cause the transmitter to key and transmit the data over the RF link. PIN 3: RXD
RS-232 compatible output pin providing data received by the transceiver. PIN 4: RTS
RS-232 compatible input to transceiver which starts internal CTS delay timer when RTS is at true, but does NOT key the transmitter. PIN 5: CTS
RS-232 compatible output to external RTU or terminal. Three different user configurable modes of operation provide compatibility with most RTUs. CTS Mode 1: Emulates the normal CTS function, setting the pin “high” after the pre-programmed CTS delay time has elapsed. The hardware flow control feature toggles this line back to a low state when a data overflow condition into the hop controller has been reached. (Overflow is reached at 2 kilobytes for 4800 baud, and at 120 bytes for 9600 baud. Systems running at 1200 or 2400 baud usually can send continuously for up to 5 minutes before risking a seem or buffer overflow.) Use the PCTS_xxx command from the hand-held terminal to select this mode; “xxx” values must be between 1 and 255 milliseconds. CTS Mode 2: The “piggyback” mode for keying an MDS 2310 transceiver cross-connected with a null-modem cable to the Power & Interface connector. This transceiver serves as a bridge to an associated MAS system. Use the PCTS_P command from the hand-held terminal to select this mode. (The default is 15 milliseconds.) The PCTS_P_xx command can be used to set the CTS delay time from 1 to 75 msec, where “xx” is 1-75. CTS Mode 3: CTS is set to zero (Ø). Pin 5 will always be true. To select, use PCTS_Ø command with the hand-held terminal. PIN 6: DSR (Data Set Ready)
Provides a + 8 Vdc DSR signal to RTU through a 1 K Ω resistor. PIN 7: Signal Ground Continued on next page.
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
INSTALLATION
2-11
PIN 8: DCD (Data Carrier Detect)
Master Stations—RS-232 compatible DCD. Remote Stations—RS-232 compatible output. Set and remains “high” as long as the transceiver remains in synchronization with the master. PIN 9: Transmit Audio Input
Do not connect to this pin; used for factory test only. PIN 10: Receiver Unsquelched Indicator
Pulled up to +8 Vdc through a 1 K Ω resistor whenever the receiver squelch is open, and pulled down to less than 1 Vdc when the squelch is closed. PIN 11: Receiver Audio Output
Used for factory test only. PIN 12: No connection. PIN 13: No connection. PIN 14: PTT
Used for factory test purposes only. PIN 15: Transmit Clock (TC)
Used for factory test purposes only. PIN 16: No connection. PIN 17: Receive Clock (RC)
Do not connect to this pin; used for factory test only. PIN 18: Primary Power Positive (+13 Vdc) PIN 19: +8 Vdc Regulated Source (10 mA maximum). PIN 20: No connection. PIN 21: Received Signal Strength Indicator
Provides a DC voltage proportional to RF received signal strength which aids in steering antennas and monitoring changes in the relative signal strength of the incoming signal. Use only for testing in the non-hopping mode. PIN 22: No connection. PIN 23: Diagnostics OPEN pin
Grounding this pin places the transceiver in the diagnostic mode, allowing parameters to be altered, or diagnostic functions to be performed. PIN 24: No connection.
2-12
INSTALLATION
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
PIN 25: Out-of-Lock Alarm
A logic low (< .5 volts) on this pin indicates normal operation. A logic high (> 4 volts) indicates a failure in the main phase lock loop or TCXO, or a transmitter time-out condition. FRONT PANEL INDICATORS
The radio is supplied with a set of six light emitting diode indicators (LEDs) that provide information on the status of key operating functions. Table 2-6 summarizes the function of each indicator. Table 2-6. External Indicators
Location and function of the LED indicators on transceiver’s front panel. Functions apply to master and remote units unless noted. TR CS CD
TD SQ RD
LED
FUNCTION
INDICATION
TR
Transmit
Radio transmitter keyed. Will normally flash with data flow through the radio.
CS
Clear-to-Send
Status of CTS (Clear To Send) line to RTU (LED OFF = 0, LED ON = 1).
CD
Carrier Detect—Master
Illuminates when data signal from remote station is detected by master.
Synchronization—Remote
Illuminates when hop controller in remote is in synchronization with the master radio.
TD
Transmit Data
Status of the Transmit Data (TXD) line from the RTU (LED OFF = 0, LED ON = 1).
SQ
Receive Unsquelch Indicator
Illuminates when a signal has opened the receiver carrier squelch.
RD
Receive Data
Status of the Receive Data (RXD) line from the transceiver’s hop controller board (LED OFF = 0, LED ON = 1).
RADIO CONFIGURATION LABELS
MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum radios are shipped from the factory with a temporary label attached to the top cover. This label displays some of the factory settings for the configuration of the radio. It is likely that several of these settings will be changed as each radio is installed in a system. To aid in determining the radio’s configuration from the outside, a set of similar labels is provided at the end of this manual. They are suitable for placement on the transceiver mounting brackets or top cover. The labels are made of paper and are suitable for pen or pencil marking. There are 20 labels on the sheet. The label adhesive is “permanent” and will leave a residue behind when it is removed.
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
INSTALLATION
2-13
FACTORY DEFAULTS
Table 2-7 lists the factory defaults for user programmable items of the MDS 9310 transceiver. Most radios are shipped from the factory with customer specified settings for each of the 12 items listed below. The actual settings, as shipped from the factory, will be listed on the test and quality check list accompanying each radio. In the event there are no customer specified values, the values in Table 2-7 will be used. Table 2-7. Factory Defaults
2-14
SETTING
SELECTIONS
DEFAULT SETTINGS
Loopback Code
0000 through 9999
Last four digits of serial number
System Address
1 through 255
1
Buffer Mode
On/Off
On
Channel/Hop Pattern
1A–1D … 7A–7D
1A
Time Out Timer
Enable/Disable
Enable
RTS/CTS Delay
Ø through 255 ms, or “P”
Ø msec
Owner’s Message
27 Characters
“Blank”
Owner’s Name
20 Characters
“Blank”
Power Output
.1 Watt to 1 Watt
1 Watt
Interface Data Rate
1200/2400/4800/9600
4800
Data Bits
8N1, 8N2, 7E1, 7E2, 701, 702
8N1
Parity
Odd, Even, None
None
LED Indicators
Enable/Disable
Enable
INSTALLATION
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
CHAPTER 3 FIELD TESTS AND ALIGNMENTS DANGER The MDS 9310-HL Data Transceiver is approved for use in Class I, Groups A, B, C & D, Division 2, Hazardous Locations. The installer of these transceivers MUST be familiar with hazardous location installation guidelines before any installation or maintenance is begun. Do not begin installation of or make external connections to this device unless the area is known to be non-hazardous. Refer to Appendix B of this manual for further information on the approved conditions under which the MDS 9310-HL can be installed in hazardous locations.
INTRODUCTION
This section describes how to test the MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum Transceiver during installation, adjust and verify proper transmit power output, and make other adjustments as may be necessary. TEST EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
1.
Directional RF Wattmeter. It should be equipped with a plug-in element rated for 1 watt and 1,000 MHz. A popular directional wattmeter that is suitable for this service is the Bird Model 43 Thruline™ wattmeter.
2.
Service Monitor. This is an instrument that performs the combined functions of RF and audio signal generator, frequency counter, modulation analyzer and RF wattmeter. Monitors are typically equipped with an input attenuator pad/dummy load that allows the full output of the transmitter to be coupled directly to the instrument. If this feature is not provided, you will need a separate pad/dummy load. Separate instruments can also be used, but this is usually not practical for field work. Suitable service monitors are manufactured by the IFR Division of Regency, Inc. and Marconi Instruments Ltd. NOTE
FCC regulations require transmitter frequency accuracy of .00015% (1.5 ppm). A frequency counter used to set the transmitter on-frequency must have an accuracy that is 5 to 10 times better than what it is reading, which is an accuracy of .00003% to .000015% (0.3 to 0.15 ppm). If a frequency counter with a frequency accuracy of .00003% to .000015% is not available, do not make any adjustments to the transmitter or receiver frequencies.
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
3-1
Frequency measuring instruments, for example a frequency counter, usually require a “warm-up” period to achieve maximum accuracy; a warm-up period of 30 minutes is not uncommon. Please read the unit’s instruction manual before proceeding with frequency measurements. 3.
DC Voltmeter. A common multimeter/digital volt-ohmmeter such as a Simpson 260 is suitable.
4.
Oscilloscope. If the service monitor does not contain a low frequency oscilloscope, then a basic one is required.
5.
MDS Hand-Held Terminal (Kit P/N 02-1501A01). The Hand-Held Terminal (HHT) is required for setting up operating parameters controlled by the transceiver’s microprocessor, and for using the built-in test and diagnostic features of the radio. A personal computer running a standard terminal emulation program can be substituted. Details of the operation of the HHT are covered in Chapter 4 of this manual.
REMOTE DATA TERMINAL EMULATOR
The MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum Transceiver will require special connections to the POWER/INTERFACE connector to simulate incoming data that normally goes to the internal modem. This manual data simulation can be accomplished in two ways— 1.
Plugging in a “breakout” box to the transceiver’s POWER/INTERFACE connector, or
2.
Building a simple data terminal emulator with two toggle switches.
Figure 3-1 illustrates the wiring for a terminal emulator or jumpers on a breakout box. This simple data terminal emulator works reliably on all MDS interfaces; however, compatibility is not guaranteed for products of other manufacturers. The data emulator is built from common components—two toggle switches, a DB-25 plug and socket and a small box—available from most electronic parts supply stores. SW1 & SW2 are single-pole, single-throw toggle switches. POWER/INTERFACE (DB-25 on XCVR)
RTS
4 J1
DSR
6
TXD
2
+5 VDC
STANDBY XMTR KEYED SW1 SW2
SPACE MARK
Figure 3-1. Remote Data Terminal Emulator Wiring NOTE
The Remote Data Terminal Emulator will only work with the Hop Controller Board removed from the radio.
3-2
FIELD TESTS & ALIGNMENTS
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
OPERATION OF REMOTE DATA TERMINAL EMULATOR
Listed below are the functions of the two toggle switches in emulating data signals. These functions are called for in the test and alignment procedures which follow later in this chapter. • Close SW1 to key the transmitter by controlling the RTS line. • SW1 must be closed for SW2 to emulate transmit data (TXD) from the terminal. • SW2 is open to emulate a “Mark” condition. • SW2 is closed to emulate a “Space” condition.
TOP COVER
COVER SCREWS
M O D E M P C A S S E M B LY HOP CONTROLLER PC ASSEMBLY
TRANSCEIVER PC BOARD POWER & INTERFACE CONNECTOR
BOTTOM COVER
ANTENNA
L E D A N N U N C I AT O R DISPLAY
DETACHABLE & ADJUSTABLE MOUNTING BRACKETS (2) DC POWER INPUT
Figure 3-2. Exploded View of Transceiver and Plug-in Modules
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
FIELD TESTS & ALIGNMENTS
3-3
INTRODUCTION TO FIELD TESTS & ALIGNMENTS
The following section provides step-by-step procedures for making field alignments to the transceiver. These tests and alignments should also be made following the replacement of an internal assembly or to conduct a performance evaluation as a diagnostic aid when other troubleshooting options have been exhausted. Refer to Chapter 6— Troubleshooting for recommendations on dealing with failures after a successful installation. Transmitter tests may require the radio be temporarily set to a non-hopping mode ( DHOP) of operation to create a stationary transmit & receive frequencies for test purposes. Table 3-1 lists the transmit and receive frequencies for master and remote radio units for each user selectable channel. A channel’s “home” frequency is independent of the selected hop pattern. Table 3-1. Master Station Channel’s Home Frequencies MASTER STATION RADIOS MODE
CHANNEL
Duplex
Simplex*
TRANSMIT
RECEIVE
1
902.025 MHz
915.025 MHz
2
902.050 MHz
915.050 MHz
3
902.075 MHz
915.075 MHz
4
902.100 MHz
915.100 MHz
5
909.000 MHz
924.000 MHz
6
910.600 MHz
925.600 MHz
7
913.000 MHz
913.000 MHz
REMOTE STATION RADIOS MODE
CHANNEL
Duplex
Simplex* *
3-4
TRANSMIT
RECEIVE
1
915.025 MHz
902.025 MHz
2
915.050 MHz
902.050 MHz
3
915.075 MHz
902.075 MHz
4
915.100 MHz
902.100 MHz
5
924.000 MHz
909.000 MHz
6
925.600 MHz
910.600 MHz
7
913.000 MHz
913.000 MHz
All radios in a Simplex system must operate on Channel 7 and must be manufactured in the “Master” hardware configuration. The hardware configuration may be confirmed by examining the fifth character of the radio’s model number; an “M” indicates a Master radio. See Figure 2-1 for a sample label.
FIELD TESTS & ALIGNMENTS
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
POWER SUPPLY, POWER OUTPUT AND ANTENNA VSWR MEASUREMENTS
Several tests are basic to the MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum Transceiver; these include checking the radio’s DC power, the transmitter’s RF power output, and the antenna VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio). In addition, the control of the radio is easily handled by use of MDS’s Hand-Held Terminal. Operating procedures for the HHT are briefly covered in this chapter and in detail in Chapter 4. See Figure 3-4 for the location of PC board adjustments. Power Supply
1.
Measure the power supply voltage and adjust to 13.8 Vdc with the transmitter keyed. If the power supply voltage is not adjustable, make sure the nominal value is between 10.5 and 16 volts.
2.
Connect the power supply and antenna as described in the previous sections, and connect the breakout box or data terminal emulator to the interface connector. Remeasure the power supply voltage, and ensure that it does not drop below 11 volts or rise above 16 volts when switching between receive and transmit.
Transmitter Power Output
1.
Verify the antenna type used with the radio. If the antenna gain is 6 dBdi or less, the radio’s power output should be set to 1 watt, maximum. If it has a gain higher than 6 dBi, the power output must be reduced to a level that results in an effective radiated signal of 6 dBw. (Review the discussion of antenna gain in Antenna and Feedline System section in Chapter 2).
2.
Connect the directional wattmeter between the transceiver and the antenna feedline.
3.
Remove the RTU data interface connector from the radio and connect the HHT to the radio’s DB-25 Power /Interface connector; this will automatically open the transceiver's diagnostic channel. The HHT display will read DIAGNOSTICS CHANNEL OPEN, if it does not, use the OPEN command.
4.
Inhibit the radio from hopping by using the
5.
Temporarily inhibit the radio’s time-out timer by using the HHT.
6.
Key the transmitter by entering KEY on the HHT. This command will key the transmitter until the DKEY command is entered.
7.
If the power is greater than the authorized level, remove the radio’s top cover and adjust the power output using R69 on the main transceiver board. Under no
DHOP command
from the HHT.
DTOT command
from the
circumstances should the radio’s power output be greater than 1 watt. CAUTION
In systems operating with solar power (battery is charged by a solar panel), make sure that the battery is fully charged before attempting to set the transceiver output power. If the power is set for 1 watt with reduced battery voltage, the transceiver will put out more power when the battery becomes fully charged, which may cause a violation of FCC rules. Continued on next page.
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
FIELD TESTS & ALIGNMENTS
3-5
8.
Unkey the transmitter by entering DKEY from the HHT.
9.
Enable the radio’s time-out timer by using the ETOT command from the HHT or turning the primary DC power to the radio off and on.
10. Enable the radio from hopping by using the EHOP command from the HHT if the following Antenna VSWR Check is not going to be performed. 11. Replace the radio’s top cover, reconnect the RTU data interface DB-25 plug and return the radio to normal service. Antenna VSWR Check
1.
Key the transmitter by entering KEY on the HHT. This command will key the transmitter until the DKEY command is entered or until the time-out period of 13 seconds has been reached. If necessary, use the DTOT to disable the timeout timer for the duration of this check.
2.
With the transmitter keyed, set the directional wattmeter to measure the power in the reverse direction, to measure the reflected power from the antenna. This should read less than 10% of the forward power reading. If the reading is higher than this, there are problems with the antenna or feedline. Check all connections and ensure that the cable connectors are installed properly. CAUTION
Do not put the unit into service until reflected power problems are corrected, as they can degrade system performance and shorten equipment life. 3.
Dekey the transmitter (DKEY), enable hopping ( EHOP) and remove the directional wattmeter from the antenna circuit.
TRANSMIT FREQUENCY & DEVIATION, AND RECEIVER SQUELCH Introduction
During these procedures, refer to Figure 3-3 for an assembly drawing of the 4800 BPS FSK Modem and Figure 3-4 for the location of the PC board adjustments. References in parentheses to SW1 & SW2 relate to the switches of the Remote Data Terminal Emulator used to control the transceiver. If the Remote Data Emulator is used, the Hop Controller Board must be removed for the duration of the test sequence. Procedure
3-6
1.
Remove the transceiver top cover, and remove the hop controller board.
2.
Connect the DC power supply to the radio’s power cable from the INTERFACE/POWER Connector.
3.
Connect the HHT to the radio’s INTERFACE/POWER Connector.
4.
Inhibit the radio from hopping by using the DHOP command from the HHT. This will set the radio to the channel’s “home” frequency.
5.
Connect the transceiver’s POWER/INTERFACE connector to a breakout box, external data terminal emulator, or a similar means of controlling the RS-232 lines.
FIELD TESTS & ALIGNMENTS
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
7.
Connect the transceiver’s ANTENNA connector to the input of the service monitor using a short length of coaxial cable. Use short sections of RG-8/U or RG-214 low loss transmission lines.
8.
Set the service monitor to monitor the transmitter’s center (channel’s “home”) frequency.
9.
Set the transmitter deviation to minimum by rotating R168, DEVIATION, fully counter clockwise.
10. Key the transmitter by raising RTS (SW1 closed on the Data Terminal Emulator). This can be accomplished by jumpering Pin 4 (RTS) to Pin 6 (DSR) at the INTERFACE connector on the transceiver’s case. (Pin 6 is permanently wired high within the transceiver.) The TXD line should be at logic low (LED annunciator TD [TXD] off). 11. Check for correct transmit center (channel’s “home”) frequency. With TXD low (“mark”/SW2 Open) the transmitted frequency should be within 200 Hz of the channel’s center frequency. If necessary, adjust R175, TCXO Fine Frequency Adjust (on the main transceiver board), as necessary to place it on frequency. 12. Increase the deviation by rotating R168 clockwise to cause the frequency to shift down by 1.6 kHz from the assigned center frequency. 13. Pull the TXD line high by jumpering pin 2 to both 4 & 6 of the DB-25 INTERFACE connector (SW2 closed). Observe the carrier frequency shifting up 1.6 kHz. If the carrier does not shift up 1.6 kHz, adjust the Fine Frequency Adjust, R175, on the motherboard to obtain equal 1.6 kHz shift above and below the channel carrier frequency when the TXD line is toggled high and low. 14. On the modem board, set the DIP switch S1, Position 3, to “1” (ON) to generate a data test pattern of 101010. All switch sections of S1, except positions 2, 3 and 4, should now be in the “0” (OFF) position. Pin 2 of the DB-25 INTERFACE connector should be open (SW2 Open). S1 CONFIGURATION
8
1
OPEN
U3 7
CLOSED U6 U5
Figure 3-3. 4800 BPS FSK Modem; MDS P/N 03-1831A11
15. Adjust the Transmitter HF Compensation control, R179 slightly, if necessary, to produce 2.7 kHz deviation as measured on the service monitor. 16. Unkey the transmitter by removing the jumpers from Pins 2, 4 and 6 on the INTERFACE connector (SW1&2 open). 17. Restore the modem configuration switch, S1, to its original settings (S1-2 and S1-4 are ON or CLOSED).
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
FIELD TESTS & ALIGNMENTS
3-7
18. Disconnect any active equipment from the INTERFACE connector on the transceiver. 19. Set the service monitor to generate an on-channel modulated signal at –60 dBm, using a 1 kHz modulation tone at 2.5 kHz deviation. 20. Using an oscilloscope with the sweep set to 2 ms/div., view the signal on U3 Pin 7 of the modem while adjusting R25, Modem Receive Audio Level, on the transceiver's motherboard. When R25 is properly adjusted, there should be a 1 kHz sinewave signal of approximately 0.7 Vp-p visible. 21. Reduce the signal strength from the service monitor to –120 dBm. Set the Squelch pot, R41, fully counter clockwise and then slowly adjust it clockwise until the DCD and RXD lines stay low—as indicated by the unlit annunciator LEDs. 22. Restore the hopping function with the
DKEY command.
23. Remove the service monitor and re-connect the station antenna. 24. Re-install the transceiver’s top cover and reconnect any permanent equipment to the INTERFACE connector. 25. Place unit into service and check LED display for indication of proper system performance. This completes the field alignment of the transceiver.
3-8
FIELD TESTS & ALIGNMENTS
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
. . Q
V E
5
X
R
8 6
D
F
1
T
OI . U M
P D
7
R 1
1 R
9
7
E R
X T
A O H
F
C
R E L L O R T N O
7 P
&
J C
8 J
O
5 J H
R
T
W
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P
R OI
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6
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5 J
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9
T X
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V T NI D
4
L
1
A J
A X M R R O R
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FI
9
L
W L
U
X E V R
P O P
M
M
D
IO M
U
2
E
5
EI R
A
L
2
E R
1
3
D O A
7 J
L E V OI E D
L
2 1
U T
2
A U
R
A P
X T R
N
6 J
U O
N 4
E J
T N
E A T I A
3 2
S R
R
R S
2
IB L
D L
A H C
O C L H
1
E 4
8 M
J E
& D
6 O
T H E IT
J M
C
A B
T
X
E N
A
R
S
0
E
L
T E
X
A
NI
T
F
D IN
4
A
U
T
A L V
1
F
CI
H
T D
2
U 1
E R
E
C
S
T D
R
O
E O
F R
J
W
R
C
1
T S
U
E Q S
S
L A
S 1
D
S U
R
U 8 G + E R
0 8 4
Figure 3-4. 9310 Main Circuit Board Test Points and Adjustable Components Potentiometer types may vary from those shown.
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
FIELD TESTS & ALIGNMENTS
3-9
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3-10
FIELD TESTS & ALIGNMENTS
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
CHAPTER 4 PROGRAMMING AND DIAGNOSTICS INTRODUCTION
The MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum Transceiver contains two microprocessors which control the operation of the entire radio. The POWER/INTERFACE connector provides a bridge between the transceiver’s microprocessor and external equipment. This pathway is referred to as the “Diagnostic Communication Channel” when you have taken the radio off-line and the interface is used for service communications. This mode enables service personnel to do the following tasks: • Review radio information and operating parameters • Set operating parameters of the radio • Program user information • Perform basic radio link viability testing These programming functions can be performed with the radio mounted in its final operating position in an RTU, outdoor enclosure, or other locations without removing the top cover of the transceiver enclosure. The Diagnostic Communications Channel is automatically actuated by plugging in a specially configured MDS Hand-Held Terminal (HHT) that grounds the OPEN line (Pin 23 of DB-25 INTERFACE connector). If an older cable assembly is used, the Diagnostic Channel may be opened by entering the OPEN command. Transceiver parameters can then be reviewed and re-programmed as necessary using a format similar to that used on other MDS radio transceivers while the radio is still hopping. The radio’s operating parameters should be reviewed and altered as necessary to meet system operating requirements. This review and configuration should take place as each radio unit is installed in the system. Table 4-1 lists the software available for use with the MDS 9310. The use of several of these programs for link testing is covered in this chapter; see each software package’s user’s guide for further details. Table 4-1. MDS 9310 Compatible Software OPERATING SYSTEM MDS P/N
BUNDLED WITH “MASTER” RADIO?
TITLE
DESCRIPTION
Remote Radio Diagnostics
Diagnostics and configuration of any MDS transceiver connected to PC
Windows 3.1, 95 & NT
03-3156A01
YES
MDS 9300 Series System Diagnostics (A.K.A. “Link Test”)
“Link testing” of system through a PC connected to a MDS 9310 transceiver
MS DOS
02-2259A01
YES
InSite NMS
Comprehensive diagnostics and programming of both local and remote MDS transceivers.
Windows 3.1, 95 & NT
03-2716A01 (VGA)
NO
Transceiver Programming Diagnostics and configuration of transceiver connected to PC
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
03-2716A02 (SVGA) MS DOS
02-1972A01
NO
4-1
REVIEWING AND PROGRAMMING RADIO INFORMATION & OPERATING CONFIGURATION
With either the HHT or a terminal connected to the radio, the parameters described below can be reviewed and set as necessary by the user. These parameters include: • Radio System Address • Radio Loopback Code (Station Address) • Mode—Master or Remote • Channel (Operating Frequency Set) • Hop Pattern Set • Data Interface Rate and Format • Radio model number, serial number and date of manufacture The user can also program information into the radio that is specific to the individual user. This information includes: • Owner’s Name (20 characters total) • Owner’s Message (For example—radio’s location or date unit placed in service. 27 characters total). This information is stored in an EEPROM within the transceiver, and will remain programmed in the radio until new information is entered. PROGRAMMING RADIO OPERATING CONFIGURATION
Each of these parameters should be reviewed for every radio in the system at the time of installation. Read the Programming and Command Set descriptions in Table 4-2 later in this chapter for details on the commands and the correct syntax for their use. Every radio shipped from the factory will have a label attached to it which indicates the factory settings for several radio parameters—data interface configuration, the channel number, system address, loopback code and mode (master or remote). 1. Master/Remote Operating Mode—MODE Command
Only one “master” station can be operated in an MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum radio system. Before installing an MDS 9310 transceiver in a system, check its hardware configuration by using the MODE command. The operating mode of the radio is also included on printed information sent with every new radio. 2. Channel and Hop Pattern Set—CHAN Command
Each master or remote unit can be programmed to one of seven channel sets. Each set contains 64 frequencies. The radio will operate on each frequency in the channel set for 250 milliseconds before moving on to the next frequency in the sequence. The radio will “hop” among each of these 64 frequencies in one of four pseudo-random patterns permanently programmed into the radio (A, B, C or D). One of these four preprogrammed hop patterns may be selected by the user by using the “ CHAN” command. This allows a user to have up to four systems on one channel set with minimal chance of interference between systems, in frequency-congested areas. As with all user settable parameters, the channel and hop pattern can be programmed by using the Hand-Held Terminal, plugged into the DB-25 connector. 4-2
PROGRAMMING & DIAGNOSTICS
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
3. Frequency Lockout—MASK Command Introduction
One of the limitations of FCC Part 15 (unlicensed) operation is that users must, by regulation, accept any radio interference they receive. Because the MDS 9310 is a datatransparent device, it is up to the data equipment connected to the radio network to detect and correct errors that can be created by lost signals or radio system interference. The 902–928 MHz band is particularly susceptible to interference because it is shared by many services. There are many other devices (for example some cordless phones) operating under Part 15 rules in this band. There are also licensed services, such as amateur radio and metropolitan vehicle location systems. These services often use much more powerful transmitters than Part 15 radios. In order for everyone to share these frequencies, all users must expect to have occasional interference. Sometimes this interference is random, but other times an interfering signal will be present on one or two frequencies and remain there indefinitely. On these frequencies, the MDS 9310 will never have good data throughput, as some of the frequencies in the hop pattern will be blocked by the interfering signals. The MDS 9310 incorporates a frequency lockout (mask) feature which can be used to remove up to 14 blocked frequencies from the hop pattern, thereby eliminating or reducing interference. To identify frequencies that are being interfered with, we recommend using MDS’ Radio System Diagnostic Software (P/N 06-2259A01). In addition to identifying blocked channels, the software also allows the user to selectively mask (skip over) those channels with interference. The software is included with each new MDS 9310 Master unit that is shipped from the factory. It is also possible to use the hand-held terminal (HHT) to identify interference problems if desired. Refer to the LINK_xxxx command in Table 4-2. Channels can be masked with the HHT by using the MASK_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx command, where xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx is a 16 character control code. As with the software method above, a maximum of 14 frequencies can be locked out of the hop pattern. NOTE
If you will be using an HHT to define the channel mask, review the material below to understand how the 16 character code is compiled—otherwise this material can be considered optional. Understanding the Masking Scheme
Each of the MDS 9310’s four hop patterns consist of 64 individual frequencies. These frequencies are numbered from 0 to 63. They are further broken down into 16 sub-groups, with each group containing four frequencies. (See Figure 4-1.) The MASK_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx command entry uses one of 16 characters (listed in the last column of the table in Figure 4-1) to represent the masking profile of the frequencies within each sub-group. As the table shows, an “S” indicates that the MDS 9310 will skip over that frequency as it cycles through the hop pattern. “NS” indicates that the radio will not skip over that frequency. Using the table, the mask profile of all 64 frequencies can be programmed (up to a maximum of 14 skipped frequencies).
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
PROGRAMMING & DIAGNOSTICS
4-3
A Programming Example
Assume that you are experiencing consistent interference on frequencies 3, 4 and 6 and wish to remove them from the hop pattern. All other frequencies are to be included. Referring to the table in Figure 4-1, we must find the row that represents the desired profile of sub-group one, in which frequency 3 resides. Since we want to retain all frequencies in the sub-group except frequency 3, we are looking for the row that contains an “NS” under positions 1, 2, and 3, and an “S” under position 4. The second row in the table satisfies this profile, and is represented by the character “1” in the last column. That means a digit “1” will be the first entry in the 16 character MASK string. Next we move to frequency sub-group 2 (frequencies 4 to 7). We want to skip frequencies 4 and 6, so we must find the row in the table that contains an “S” under positions 1 and 3 (frequencies 4 & 6), and an “NS” under positions 2 and 4 (frequencies 5 & 7). The eleventh row in the table satisfies this profile, and it is represented by an “A” in the last column. Therefore, an “A” will be the second entry in the 16 character MASK string. The remainder of the frequencies are to be included in the hop pattern, so we must find the row in the table that contains an “NS” under all positions. The first row in the table satisfies this profile, and is represented by a “0” in the last column. That means that zeros should be entered for the remaining 14 characters of the 16 character MASK string. The complete command then, (for this example) would be as follows: MASK_1A00000000000000. We now have frequencies 3, 4 and 6 blocked out. This completes the mask programming example. Refer to Table 4-2 for information on using the related mask commands; MASK, MASK C, MASK L and MASK S . 4. System Address—ADDR Command
Two or more MDS 9310 transceivers make up a communications system. Since it is possible for more than one MDS 9310 radio system to operate in the same geographical area, a radio system name or “address” is used to identify a group of associated radios. In addition to the system address, each individual radio is given a name or “loopback code”. The system address combined with the loopback code provides a very specific identification for a radio. Whenever Master stations and Remote stations communicate with each other, they use the system address as part of their transmission. This prevents the station from communicating with radios of another system by accident. This system address is a number between 1 and 255. 5. Loopback Code—LBC Command
In addition to the system address, each radio station is required to have a unit identification number or “Loopback Code”. The loopback code may be any number from zero to 9,999. The loopback code is not essential for system operation, but it is required if you want to use the MDS “LINKTEST.EXE” diagnostic program. 6. Data Interface Rate—BAUD Command
The transceiver is capable of transmitting and receiving asynchronous data at 1200, 2400, 4800 or 9600 bits per second (bps). This data rate applies only to the interface between the transceiver and the external equipment connected to it; the over-the-air data exchange rate between transceivers is always 4800 bps synchronous and is not under user control.
4-4
PROGRAMMING & DIAGNOSTICS
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
6 3
Frequency #
0 1 2 3 45 6 7
Char. Char. Char. Char. Char. Char. Char. Char. Char. Char. Char. Char. Char. Char. Char. Char. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 16
POSITION 1
POSITION 2
POSITION 3
POSITION 4
CHARACTER TO ENTER
NS
NS
NS
NS
0
NS
NS
NS
S
1
NS
NS
S
NS
2
NS
NS
S
S
3
NS
S
NS
NS
4
NS
S
NS
S
5
NS
S
S
NS
6
NS
S
S
S
7
S
NS
NS
NS
8
S
NS
NS
S
9
S
NS
S
NS
A
S
NS
S
S
B
S
S
NS
NS
C
S
S
NS
S
D
S
S
S
NS
E
S
S
S
S
F
LEGEND S= Skip frequency, NS= Do not skip frequency
Figure 4-1. Representation of Frequency Sub-Groups and Masking Profiles
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
PROGRAMMING & DIAGNOSTICS
4-5
7. CTS Control—CTS Command
The MDS 9310 transceiver offers three variations on the use of the Clear-to-Send (CTS) line on the data interface. The following are brief descriptions of the three variations and their typical applications. a. CTS = Ø msec b. CTS = 1–255 msec c. CTS = P—“Piggyback” Mode (See Chapter 1 for a description of Point-Multipoint Extensions.) 8. Data Flow Control—BUFF Command
The data communications through the radio link is interrupted by pauses in the data flow while the radio system is changing operating frequencies (hopping). This interruption may or may not be a problem to the RTU or data communications equipment attached to the MDS 9310 radio equipment. There are two options for flow data passed through an MDS 9310 radio system. a. Quick Response Mode
The “Quick Response” mode transmits data immediately as each byte is received during the 250 msec radio transmit period. If the data is received by the MDS 9310 during a hop period, as the radio is moving to the next frequency in the sequence, the radio will buffer this data until the next transmit period. Under ideal circumstances (no radio interference), this will result in regular interruptions of approximately 25 milliseconds. If the interference level is high, the data interruptions will be longer. The Quick Response Mode is an alternative to the seamless data mode, and may offer improvements in data throughput time in systems where the data message is much shorter than the hop cycle time (250 msec). b. Seamless Mode
In order to provide maximum field flexibility, the MDS 9310 is designed to make seamless data exchanges through the radio link. The seamless data at the receiving end is particularly important for the MODBUS™ protocol. In order to implement this, a 90 msec buffer delay is incorporated which allows an over-flow condition if too much data is sent to the transceiver without interruption. When the 9310 approaches a buffer overflow, it drops CTS to alert the RTU or PLC to pause. The maximum number of bytes which are allowed in the Seamless Mode at 4800 bps is about 450 bytes and at 9600 bps the limit is about 120 bytes. Systems running at 1200 or 2400 baud usually can send continuously for up to 5 minutes before risking a seam or buffer overflow. Due to the number of interface protocols that may be connected to the MDS 9310, some experimentation may be required to optimize the reliability of data through the system. Toggle between the Quick Response and Seamless modes to evaluate the effectiveness of each mode on system operation.
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PROGRAMMING & DIAGNOSTICS
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
NETWORK DIAGNOSTIC TESTS USING THE MDS HAND-HELD TERMINAL
The MDS 9310 has built-in diagnostic capabilities for testing the network radio link between stations. These tests do not evaluate the data flow between equipment connected to the POWER/INTERFACE connector, only the performance of the radio communication channel. These tests are accessed through the use of the HHT and may be initiated through any station in the system. The right half of Figure 4-2 shows an HHT connected to a MDS 9310 for local and system diagnostics. NOTE
The Link and Poll diagnostic tests will interrupt the normal data communications through the system. An IBM PC based software package— “Link-Test”—is available that will perform all of the network diagnostic functions described below and provide dynamic displays of the test results in an easier to understand graphical format. This program is packaged with each MDS 9310 “master” radio. The HHT may be used to perform these tests (instead of a PC), but the frequency of display updates, every 250 milliseconds, may be difficult to follow. MDS 9310 REMOTE I N T E R FA C E
T R T D
M R C D I N R D
1 3. 8 V + D C –
MDS 9310 REMOTE
A N T E N NA
REPEATER LINK
I N T E R FA C E
T R T D
M R C D I N R D
1 3. 8 V + D C –
A N T E N NA
MDS 9310 REMOTE I N T E R FA C E
T R
I N T E R FA C E
T D T R M R C D T D
I N
R D
1 3 8 V D . + C –
A N T E N NA
HOST COMPUTER Null-Modem Cable
M R C D I N
R D
1 3. 8 V + D C –
A N T E N NA
MDS 9310 MASTER (XLINK "ON") HAND-HELD TERMINAL I N T E R FA C E
T R M R T D I N
I N T E R FA C E
T R M R C D T D I N R D
1 3 8 V D . + – C
A N T E N NA
MDS 9310 MASTER
Link Check & Poll Check of System 1 & 2 with Li nkTest or InSite NMS Software
Link Check & Poll Check of System 2 Only w/HHT
MDS 9310 REMOTE
C D R D
1 3 8 V D . + C –
A N T E N NA
MDS 9310 REMOTE
I N T E R FA C E
T R T D
M R C D I N R D
1 3. 8 V + D C –
A N T E N NA
SPREAD SPECTRUM MAS SYSTEM #1
SPREAD SPECTRUM MAS SYSTEM #2
Figure 4-2. Network Diagnostic Entry Points & Capabilities Link Check
The Link Check mode is a diagnostic test that is normally enabled at the Master Unit to allow the user to check the radio link to all of the associated Remote’s 64 usable frequencies. However, this test may be initiated from any radio in the system. Link test commands are entered with the “ LINK xxxx” command where xxxx is the desired remote’s loopback code. This command triggers the specified Remote to respond with an answer. This command leaves the Master Unit in a hopping state. The LINK command checks the radio link from the Remote to the Master by responding with a string of data lasting for 16 seconds; this ensures that all 64 channels are checked out for via-
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
PROGRAMMING & DIAGNOSTICS
4-7
bility. The data string can then be examined on each channel, using the custom PC diagnostic program— ”Link Test”— to determine the radio link quality. Also read the sections that immediately follow this one on extended link testing with MDS’ “Link Test” and InSite software. Polling Check
The POLL command checks the radio link just between the Master and a Remote Unit by sending a command that would make the remote return an average of how many channels are being received. (The maximum number displayed is 64.) This number is kept at each Remote Unit as a constantly updated free-running average. The command can be used to test any radio in the network. EXTENDED LINK TESTING DIAGNOSTICS (XLINK) USING MDS’ “LINK TEST” SOFTWARE Introduction
The extended link testing feature (XLINK) allows for an MDS 9310 system link quality test to be performed through an MAS or microwave backbone data channel at any of the selectable data rates. It can also traverse two or more MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum systems that are connected back-to-back. The left half of Figure 4-2 shows the entry point for system diagnostics for the local and the remote system linked through a repeater. The main features that allow XLINK to perform the MDS 9310 link testing diagnostics over a multiple address system or several MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum systems are as follows: • Both the “Link Test” program and the MDS 9310 use the RS-232 CTS line to key the radio or modem before sending commands. • The diagnostic command baud rate is set to match the data channel baud rate when the XLINK feature is enabled. • The radio loopback code (LBC) is used to open only one MDS 9310 diagnostic channel at a time; this allows for multiple Spread Spectrum extensions on a common data channel. • Both the MDS 9310 diagnostic channel and the “Link Test” software reject squelch tail noise and allow for extra inter-system delays. While it is possible to perform the link testing from a hand-held terminal, it is not practical as the comprehensive test results exceed the display’s character capacity. It is not possible to perform the extended link testing (XLINK) from a HHT. Firmware Requirements
The XLINK feature requires the MDS 9310 radio connected to the MAS or microwave backbone to be at firmware level 3.0.x or later. Note that this radio is the only one that requires this level of firmware. The other radios in the system can remain at their current firmware revision level. This firmware is in two ICs, one on the transceiver motherboard and the second on the Hop Controller PCB. There are no firmware upgrades required to the MAS radio system’s equipment. On back-to-back MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum systems, only the one radio connecting from the next system to the closer system needs to be upgraded to firmware revision 3.0.x. This radio is called the “Virtual Master” because its loopback code is the one used as the Master
4-8
PROGRAMMING & DIAGNOSTICS
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
code in the “Link Test” program’s System Equipment List regardless of whether it is a Master or Remote radio in the Spread Spectrum system. The following firmware revisions are required for each MDS 9310 Virtual Master: 2228A01, Version ≥ 3.0.x—U16/Transceiver Motherboard PCB (03-1756Axx) 2229A01, Version ≥ 3.0.x—U2/Hop Controller PCB (03-2020A01) The firmware version number appears on the top of the associated PCB’s integrated circuit or can be determined through the use of the SREV command when the MDS hand-held terminal is connected to the radio. The new firmware is standard in all MDS 9310 radios manufactured since January 1, 1996. The date of manufacture can be determined by connecting the HHT to the radio and using the MD command. Software Requirements
The MDS 9300 Series “Link Test” program (02-2259A01) must be at revision level 3.0.x to use the XLINK feature incorporated into the new firmware. The following procedure provides instructions only for link testing through the use of the “Link Test” program. Setting Up the System
From the “Link Test” Software: 1. Set up the system equipment list and make sure that the loopback code entered for the Virtual Master radio is the radio that serves as the gateway to the MAS system. There must be a separate System Equipment List for each Spread Spectrum system you desire to evaluate. In systems were the Remote MDS 9310 radio is connected to an MAS system, the loopback code of that MDS 9310 radio is used in place of the master entry in the system equipment list. In this case, when the link survey is completed, the word “Master” will automatically be replaced with “Remote” in the Master Station block of the upper lefthand corner of the Link Survey screen. 2. From the Main Menu, select the “PC Setup”, then enable the XLINK feature and set the baud rate to the MAS data rate. The baud rate selections are: 1200, 2400, 4800, and 9600 baud. 3. The XLINK feature should be disabled when running a link test on a MDS 9310 without the XLINK feature enabled or available. In this case, the Link Test software will use the OPEN command in place of the radio’s loopback code. From the MDS 9310 Radio: 1. Open the diagnostic channel by plugging in the hand-held terminal (HHT). Whenever the XLINK function is enabled ( XLNK_ON) the OPEN command from the HHT will not work. You must use an HHT with the auto-open feature. (If you do not have a hand-held terminal with the auto-open feature, grounding Pin 23 of the HHT’s interface connector will open the diagnostics channel whenever it is plugged into the radio.) 2. The MDS 9310 Virtual Master radio should be in “Piggyback” mode if it is connected to an MDS 2310 radio. Check it with the CTS command. The radio should respond with a message saying it is in the Piggy-Back mode and will display the associated delay value. MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
PROGRAMMING & DIAGNOSTICS
4-9
3. Enable the XLINK feature by typing the command XLNK_ON. Note that XLNK_OFF will disable this feature. This changes the diagnostic channel baud rate to the data baud rate which was previously set using the BAUD command. One exception to this is when the diagnostic channel was opened by the hardware line auto-open feature. In this case, the diagnostic baud rate remains at 1200 baud. 4. Cycle the power to the radio off and back on to save the new settings in the radio’s EEPROM. XLINK Reminders: • Only the MDS 9310 Virtual Master needs to have its firmware upgraded. This is the radio, Master or Remote, that connects the far MDS 9310 system with the closer MDS 9310 system or with the MAS system. No MAS upgrades are required. • The “Link Test” program must have a separate System List for each MDS 9310 system. • The Virtual Master’s loopback code must be entered as the “Master loopback code”. Limitations
• The “Link Test” program will not support a simplex Master Station. A future release of InSite NMS will contain the link testing feature (XLINK) and allow for simplex system operation. • When the MDS 9310 radio has the XLINK feature enabled (ON) a hand-held terminal with the auto-open feature must be used to open the diagnostic channel. The hardware auto-open line is used to bypass the XLINK changes to the diagnostic channel and allow the user to locally access the radio at 1200 baud. • The MDS Transceiver Programming Software (02-1972A01) cannot be used on MDS 9310 radios with the XLINK feature enabled unless the “auto-open” feature is activated by grounding Pin 23 on the DB-25 connector. A known bug in the Hop Controller firmware in revisions 2.6.2 & 2.7.2 returns an erroneous number for the POLL command used with the Quick Radio System Link Test [F2]. This does not affect the Link Survey [F4]. • The Windows-based Remote Radio Diagnostics program (shipped with each Master MDS 9310 radio) can be used when the XLINK feature is enabled (ON) on the system “Master” station. EXTENDED LINK TESTING DIAGNOSTICS (XLINK) USING MDS’ INSITE™ SOFTWARE
The XLINK testing services are also available through our InSite™ network management software (03-2716A01/A02). All of the features of the “Link Test” software are included in the InSite program. The left half of Figure 4-2 shows the entry point for system diagnostics for the local and the remote system linked through a repeater. If you are using InSite, read its manual (05-2692A01, Rev. A.2 or later) for detailed instructions.
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PROGRAMMING & DIAGNOSTICS
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
DIAGNOSTIC AND CONTROL COMMAND SET
The commands used to program or control the MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum Transceiver are listed in Table 4-2. These commands allow the user to configure the radio to suit the individual needs of each system. Some commands provide for testing of system communications. They may be implemented through the use of the MDS Hand-Held Terminal or through the use of a communications program running on the popular IBM type personal computer. Programming changes are automatically stored when the diagnostics channel is closed. Further information on terminal connection and programming is provided later in this chapter. Table 4-2A. Programming And Command Set DIAGNOSTIC CHANNEL OPEN ............... O PEN diagnostic channel
CLOS ............... C LOSE diagnostic channel. Programming changes are automatically stored when diagnostics is closed.
DISPLAY INFORMATION—Read Only RADIO INFORMATION HREV ............... Hardware revision level
MD.................... Manufacture date of radio
MO ................... Model number of radio
SER.................. Serial number of radio
SREV ............... Software revision level
OWNER’S INFORMATION OWM ................ Owner's message
OWN ................ Owner's name (See MASK_S command)
OPERATING PARAMETERS ADDR . .............. D isplay system Address Number
BAUD ............... D ata interface format
CTS ..................CTS in msec
BUFF ................ Buffer Data Control Mode
CHAN ............... Operating channel
ON = Seamless OFF = Quick Response
x = 1-7 Channel Set No. y = A, B, C or D Hop Pattern MODE .............. Display operating mode
LBC .................. Loopback code (4 Digits)
M = Master R = Remote
TOT .................. Time-out timer length (sec)
TEST MODES POLL_xxxx....... Request test and results of synchronization between selected Remote (xxxx) and Master station. xxxx = Unit Loopback Code Responses: XX/64 No Response from Unit 01/64—64/64 = Ratio of good responses to total (64) SYNC ............... Request results of synchronization between local Remote and Master station. Initialized from Remote unit only.
LINK_xxxx ........Request test and results of all frequencies between selected Remote (xxxx) and Master station. Initialized from any unit in system. xxxx = Unit Loopback Code Responses: CHxx_OK = Frequency xx is OK CHxx_BAD = Some frequencies have interference. xx = “bad” frequency. (Display updated on HHT every 250 msec.)
Continued on next page.
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
PROGRAMMING & DIAGNOSTICS
4-11
Table 4-2B. Programming And Command Set (Cont.) SET/PROGRAM COMMANDS OPERATING PARAMETERS—General ADDR_xxx........ Program system Address No. xxx = 1–255 PLBC_xxxx....... Program unit loopback code ØØØØ–9999 PCTS_P ........... Enable “Piggyback” mode for MDS 9310s used for MAS extension. ETOT................Enable time out timer (13 sec) DTOT ............... Disable time out timer (Temporarily—Cleared on power up)
BUFF_x ............ Buffer Data Control Mode ON = Seamless OFF = Quick Response PCTS_Ø........... Program–CTS to zero, CTS always TRUE PCTS_xxx ........Program–CTS Delay in msec; 1–255 msec, no leading zeros (1–3 Digits) XLINK_ON ....... Enable XLINK function XLINK_OFF......... Disable XLINK function
EHOP ............... Enable Frequency Hopping DHOP............... Disable Frequency Hopping BAUD_rrrr_xyz..Program data i nterface format rrrr = 1200, 2400, 4800 or 9600 x= 7 or 8 data bits y= N for NONE, O for ODD, E for EVEN parity z= 1 or 2 stop bits
OPERATING PARAMETERS—Channel/Mask Pattern CHAN_xy..........Set Channel & Hop Pattern x = Channel Set No. Channel Sets 1–6 = Duplex Channel Set 7 = Simplex (All Masters) y = A, B, C or D Hop Pattern
MASK ............... Displays the current channel lockout pattern in a 16 character string. This command displays the temporary holding buffer. When diagnostics is opened this command will display the actual setting of the mask pattern.
MASK_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Enter the mask pattern (16 characters). The MASK command (see left) can be used to check that you entered the mask correctly.*
MASK_C .......... Clears the mask to all zeros, returning the radio to the factory default hop pattern (using all 64 frequencies).
MASK_S........... Updates the mask pattern across the entire system. This transfers the mask, entered with either the MASK_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx or MASK_C command, to EEPROM, and then broadcasts this change to all the remotes. This command is only valid on a master unit.
MASK_L ........... Updates the mask pattern locally. This transfers the mask, entered with either the MASK_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx or MASK_C command, to EEPROM.
NOTE: The first 8 characters of the “owner’s name” (OWN) must match on all units in the system for MASK_S to work. The owner’s name is a default system password. * If the user enters a mask with more than 14 bits set, the radio will return an error message and the new mask will be ignored. The FCC rules specify that you must hop over a minimum of 50 frequencies. You may legally lock out 14 or fewer frequencies. This will only write the frequency mask to temporary memory. You must enter either MASK_S or MASK_L to write this mask to EEPROM. Otherwise this entry will be lost on power-up or diagnostics closure.
OWNER’S INFORMATION POWM_xxx ...... Program owner's message (27 characters maximum)
4-12
POWN_xxx.....Program owner's name (20 char. max.) The first 8 characters are used as a system password when changing the frequency mask over the RF channel.
PROGRAMMING & DIAGNOSTICS
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
CONNECTING THE HAND-HELD TERMINAL TO THE RADIO
Connecting the HHT to the MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum Transceiver is simple, since the terminal interface cable is a modular design and all programming connections are made via the 25 pin interface connector. See Figure 4-3 for connection of Hand-Held Terminal to the MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum Transceiver. Before connecting the HHT to the transceiver, make sure that the transceiver is connected to a continuous +13.8 Vdc supply. MDS also recommends using a dummy load on the antenna connector of the transceiver during testing. This prevents accidental interference with other units in the radio system. The HHT is supplied with a coiled cord with modular telephone connectors designed to plug into the DB-25 connector shell. Prepare the HHT for service by first connecting it to its coiled card and DB-25 connector. Then connect the HHT to the radio by removing the RTU interface cable from the DB-25 POWER/INTERFACE connector on the transceiver, and plugging in the HHT’s 25 pin “D” connector. When the HHT is properly connected to the radio (and power is applied to the transceiver), a series of characters will appear on the HHT’s LCD readout, as it runs through its self-check routine.
Remote Radio
M D S 9 3 0 0 S E R I E S T R A N S C E I V E R
I N T E R F A C E
T R T D
F 5
B
A
F
H
K
L
P
+
U L C T R
N
R
9
S
W
I F T S H
T
0
=
V
O
8
7
Q,
6
5
M
#
–
J
I
4
)
3
2
1
G
*
D
C
(
/
E
F 4
F 3 F 2
F 1
E S C
X
S P B K
Y
T E R E N C E S P A
M R I N
C D
A N T E N N
A
R D
o r c o n n e c t e d t o a P C
Z
MDS Hand-Held Terminal
Personal Computer
Figure 4-3. MDS Hand-Held Terminal Connected to an MDS 9310 Transceiver OPENING THE RADIO DIAGNOSTIC CHANNEL
When the HHT is plugged in, the transceiver automatically switches into the Programming and Control Mode. This interrupts the normal operation of the transceiver, resets the channel frequency to the channel’s home frequency, and allows all programming functions to be carried out. When all programming has been completed, removing the HHT will cause the transceiver to revert back to its normal operating mode. The Diagnostic Channel is automatically actuated by plugging in a special hand-held terminal that grounds the OPEN line (Pin 23 of DB-25 interface connector) or by entering the OPEN command from the HHT.
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
PROGRAMMING & DIAGNOSTICS
4-13
Several seconds after the HHT has been plugged in, and completed its self-test, the message "DIAGNOSTICS IS OPEN" will appear on the display. Notice that once the Diagnostics Channel is open, any keyboard entry will be echoed by the transceiver and appear on the display. With the Diagnostic Channel open, the user can review the programming of the transceiver by entering the appropriate command. HAND-HELD TERMINAL KEYBOARD HIGHLIGHTS SHIFT
Key
The shift key must be used to access the numbers (or other upper level characters) on the keyboard of the HHT. Pressing the SHIFT key once locks the keyboard into the upper level character set; the SHIFT key has to be pressed again to return to the main character (alphabet) set. The latest version of the HHT will automatically unshift whenever the ENTER key is pressed. BACKSPACE
Key
The Backspace key can be used to edit information or commands as they are being entered with the keyboard. The backspace key works only when the SHIFT key has the alphabet selected. SPACE
Key
The proper syntax for using the review commands requires the command to be followed by an ENTER keystroke. Programming commands require the command characters to be followed by a SPACE keystroke, followed by the information or values, and finally by ENTER . The command descriptions in Table 4-2 use an underline character ( _ ) to indicate a required SPACE key in the sequence. ERROR MESSAGES
Listed below are some of the most common error messages that may be encountered when using the HHT.
"INCORRECT ENTRY" Data was entered in a wrong format, or wrong number of digits. "COMMAND ENTRY ERROR" Command improperly entered, or an invalid command was tried. PROGRAM EXAMPLE
Suppose you want to re-program the MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum Transceiver in the field, using the Hand-Held Terminal. The current parameters of operation are: operating channel and hop pattern = 1A CTS delay = 50 msec data interface baud rate = 1200 bps system address = 255
4-14
PROGRAMMING & DIAGNOSTICS
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
The transceiver is to be programmed to operate in a system requiring the following parameters: operating channel and hop pattern = 5C CTS delay = 200 msec data interface baud rate = 4800 bps system address = 96 The list of steps and commands below will program the MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum Transceiver with the required values. 1.
Connect the HHT to the transceiver as previously outlined, and verify that the diagnostics channel is open.
2.
Program the channel and hop pattern by entering CHAN + SPACE + SHIFT + 5 + + C + ENTER . The display will read "CHANNEL SET TO 5, PATTERN SET TO C".
3.
Program the hop pattern by entering PCTS + SPACE + The display will read "CTS DELAY SET TO 200 MSEC".
4.
Program the system address by entering ADDR + SPACE + The display will read "SYSTEM ADDRESS SET TO 096".
5.
Program the baud or data interface rate by entering BAUD + SPACE + SHIFT + 4800 + SPACE + 8 + SHIFT + N + SHIFT + 1 + ENTER . The display will read "DATA FORMAT
SHIFT
+ 200 +
SHIFT
96
SHIFT
+
+
SHIFT
SHIFT
ENTER
+
.
ENTER
.
IS 4800 BAUD, 8N1".
This completes the programming sequence of the example. PROGRAMMING OWNERS INFORMATION
The information accessible by the commands OWM and OWN can be programmed by the user to allow information unique to the radio transceiver or its location to be stored in the EEPROM. Normally, this field is left blank on units as shipped from MDS. To program these fields, proceed according to the following directions: 1.
Open the diagnostics channel.
2.
Type in POWN + SPACE , followed by the owners' name, etc. This is limited to a maximum of 20 characters. When the desired information has been entered, press ENTER . The display will read "INFORMATION PROGRAMMED".
3.
Type POWN + SPACE , followed by the desired message, not to exceed the maximum of 27 characters. When the desired information has been entered, press ENTER . The display will read "INFORMATION PROGRAMMED".
4.
Review the information by typing OWN or OWM to verify that the desired message has been entered. If either message has an error in it, the information will have to be reentered using the above steps.
5.
Close the diagnostics channel.
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
PROGRAMMING & DIAGNOSTICS
4-15
USING A STANDARD ASCII TERMINAL
Any ASCII terminal supporting a standard RS-232 interface can be used to program the MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum Transceiver. The settings for the terminal must be as follows: • Bit rate = 1200 bps • Number of data bits = 8, 1 stop bit • No parity • Full duplex mode Also, the cable connecting the terminal to the transceiver must only connect the TXD, RXD, protective and signal grounds (DB-25 INTERFACE connector pins 2, 3, 1, and 7, respectively). NOTE
If transceiver programming is to be done with anything other than the MDS Hand-Held Terminal, special interface adapter must be used with the external terminal. Otherwise, the transceiver may transmit data issuing from the external device, causing unnecessary interference to other users. CAUTION
To prevent possible undesired interaction of the transceiver with external devices connected to the INTERFACE connector, use only custom interconnecting cables that wire the required lines only. Do not use a DB-25 to DB-25 cable wired pin for pin.
HAND-HELD TERMINAL DEFAULT SETTINGS Introduction
The HHT as shipped from MDS is ready to be plugged into the MDS 9310 transceiver. It is a hand-held multifunction terminal unit that is capable of interfacing with other RS-232 data communications equipment. Occasionally, users of the HHT will key in a sequence of characters that will alter the internal microprocessor operating defaults and cause it to no longer be able to exchange data with the radio. The following is a set of instructions for configuring the HHT for use with MDS radio products. Restoring the HHT Operation Defaults
1.
Plug the HHT into the radio and apply power to the radio. A small rectangular cursor will appear on the display.
2.
Put the Hand-Held Terminal into the “Set-up Mode” by pressing the following keys in sequence. SHIFT + CTRL + SPACE
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PROGRAMMING & DIAGNOSTICS
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
Reviewing and Changing Defaults
1.
The first of 15 menu items will be displayed. All of the items can be reviewed by pressing the “NEXT” function controlled by the E key. The menu parameter setting can be changed by pressing the “ROLL” function controlled by the A key.
2.
Set up the HHT as listed in the following table. Table 4-3. Hand-Held Terminal Operating Defaults PARAMETER
SETTING
Re-init HT ____________ Baud Rate = __________ Comm bits = __________ Parity Error ___________ Key Repeat___________ Echo ________________ Shift Keys ____________ Control Characters _____
NO 1200 8,1,n OFF OFF OFF YES PROCS (Process)
PARAMETER
SETTING
Scroll on _______________ Cursor _________________ CRLF for CR ____________ Self Test _______________ Key Beep ______________ Screen size_____________ Menu Mode ____________
33rd ON ON SLOW ON 32 LONG
The setting can be changed by pressing the “ROLL” function controlled by the
3.
A
key.
To “EXIT” the set-up mode, press C for “EXIT”, or it will automatically be closed after the final item on the set-up menu has been reviewed and the “ROLL” function is selected.
HAND-HELD TERMINAL COILED CORD WIRING
The HHT is a very reliable unit, but accidents do happen and the six conductor coiled cord or its RJ-11-6 modular connectors can be damaged by over-stretching or heavy use. The coiled cord is wired as a straight pin-for-pin assembly. The parts required to repair or replace the cable assembly can be obtained from many electronics supply companies. Although similar in appearance, the cable set is not the same as the RJ-11-4 (four conductor) cord sets used for telephone handsets. HAND-HELD TERMINAL RJ-11/DB-25 ADAPTER WIRING
Table 4-4 describes the internal wiring of the DB-25 interface adapter. The connector is equipped with an RJ-11-6 receptacle that is wired to the pins of the DB-25. Table 4-4. DB-25 Interface Adapter Wiring
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
TELCO
DB-25
1 2 3 4 5 6
19 5 N/C 3 2 7
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MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
CHAPTER 5 THEORY OF OPERATION For the following discussion, refer to Figure 5-1, the radio’s block diagram at the end of this chapter. RECEIVE FRONT END
Connector J4 on the main PC board conducts the RF signal from the front panel antenna connector to the antenna switch network. In the receive mode, one port of the antenna switch conducts the receive signal to the input of helical filter Z1. The output of Z1 is fed to RF amplifier Q1, whose output goes to helical filter Z2. The output of Z2 output goes to M1, a double-balanced mixer whose local oscillator injection voltage is derived from the VCO output. HIGH IF
The 23 MHz High IF signal from M1 enters IF amplifier transistor Q2, whose output goes to FL1, a 4-pole crystal filter which provides part of the IF selectivity of the receiver. The output of FL1 is conducted to U1, which contains the Low IF amplifier and other functions. LOW IF
U1 contains several circuit sections: mixer, oscillator, IF amplifier/limiter, quadrature detector and meter drive. The oscillator section of U1 uses crystal Y1 and associated components to set the second oscillator frequency at 23.455 MHz. The 455 kHz output of the second mixer is fed to a ceramic filter set consisting of FL2 and FL3. This filter set provides the main adjacent channel selectivity of the receiver. The output of FL3 is fed to the limiter amplifier input pin of U1. The limiter output is fed to a quadrature detector circuit tuned by detector coil T1; audio recovered from the detector appears on Pin 16 of U1. A secondary output of the IF subsystem at Pin 12 of U1 gives a received signal strength indication (RSSI) voltage. The RSSI signal is used by the loopback/diagnostic option connector and is available at the INTERFACE connector J1-21 through a 1 kilohm resistor. RECEIVE AUDIO
The unfiltered recovered audio from the IF detector passes through amplifiers, U3A and U3B to the squelch gate, U26D. With the squelch gate closed, the audio goes to a variable gain amplifier, U3C, for use by the internal modem. A second output of the squelch gate is fed to an active low pass filter and to a line amplifier, U5C, and finally to the INTERFACE connector Pin 11 for factory test purposes. The discriminator output from U1 goes to the input of audio buffer U3A and an inverter U3B. U3B provides a unity-gain inversion of the recovered audio. Audio Invert jumper J14 allows selection of the inverted or non-inverted audio for situations in which received FSK data is inverted from the normal sense. MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
5-1
From J14, the audio goes to squelch gate U26D and the squelch high pass filter section U6A. The output of the squelch gate goes to the modem receive audio amplifier, U3C, and a low pass filter comprised of U3D. U3C is an inverting amplifier with its gain set by potentiometer R25, which is used to adjust the receive audio level supplied to the modem board. U3D is a 3 kHz audio lowpass filter which provides noise filtering of the receive audio. The output of this filter goes to an amplifier consisting of U5C, whose gain is set by R212. The U5C amplifier sets the level of receive audio appearing at J1 pin 11, used for factory test. R212 allows adjustment to this audio level without affecting internal modem audio level adjustment. SQUELCH
The squelch circuit consists of a high-pass filter, noise amplifier, noise rectifier and a comparator. The high pass filter consists of U6A and an LC filter. The output of U6A goes to a gain stage, U6B, which amplifies the high frequency noise. The gain of U6B is set by R41, which is the squelch threshold adjustment. The amplified noise output from U6B goes to a full-wave rectifier, U6C, which rectifies the noise signal. The output of this stage goes to a squelch comparator, U6D whose output is the receiver unsquelch sensor (RUS) line, and is used to control squelch gate U26D in the receive audio path. This gate is also controlled by the RX MUTE signal from U16. The RUS logic signal is also fed to the modem and is used to gate the DCD output from the modem. In addition, this signal appears at J1 pin 10 through a 1 K resistor. POWER SUPPLY
The + 13 volt DC input appears when an external power source is connected to J1 through the factory-supplied adapter module. From J1, the + 13V is conducted to the internal transceiver circuits through F1, a 4 ampere board-mounted fuse. CR13 is a transient voltage suppressor on the + 13 Vdc primary power input. It protects against both reverse polarity and over-voltage conditions. U12 provides a regulated + 8 volts for all transceiver circuits. U13 regulates the + 8 volts down to + 5 volts, which supplies power to the synthesizer, microprocessor and most of the CMOS logic. A regulated + 4 volt dc supply for the IF system is provided by regulator U2. A precision reference dc voltage of + 2.5V is supplied by U4; this is used by receive audio and FSK modem circuitry. Q5 is the + 8R (receive) switch, which is activated by the RXE(L) signal from the microprocessor. It applies + 8 volts to the RF amplifier and high IF amplifier stages in the receive mode, and is shut off in the transmit mode. U11 is the power output regulator for U9; its voltage output appears on the power control pin of U9, and its level is adjusted by potentiometer R69. Q3 is configured as a series-pass element to handle the major portion of the control pin current required by U9. Q4 provides short circuit for Q3 and U11. U10 and U33 provide fixed voltages of +11 volts when the transmitter is keyed. U33 supplies voltage to U8, while DC current for the Antenna Switch is provided by U10. Regulators U10, U11 and U33 are switched on and off by the transmit enable [TXE(L)] line from the microprocessor. In the receive mode the inhibit pins are pulled high, shutting down 5-2
THEORY OF OPERATION
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
the regulators. When the transmitter is keyed, the inhibit lines are pulled to ground, which enables the regulators, applying DC voltage to the amplifier chain. The inhibit pins are also connected to the out-of-lock signal (O/L) derived from the synthesizer. With the PLL in lock, the O/L line is low, allowing normal regulator function. Should the PLL go out of lock, this line goes to +5 volts, which is applied to the inhibit pins of U10 and U11 by means of CR8. This shuts down both regulators, removing voltage from the amplifier chain. This function is independent of, and overrides, the transmit enable function. TRANSMIT POWER AMPLIFIER
The power amplifier chain of the transmitter section consists of U8 and U9. U8 is a block amplifier biased by the + 11T supply. The output of U8 is fed to hybrid power module U9. The voltage control pin of U9 (Pin 2) is controlled in tandem by U11 and Q3. Q3 handles the primary current path to the voltage control pin of the U9 PA while Q3’s operation is regulated by U11. The primary power supply pin of U9 is directly connected to the + 13 volt supply line. The RF output of U9 is fed through a directional coupler to the antenna switching network. ANTENNA SWITCH
The antenna switch consists of PIN diodes CR1 and CR2, C3, C4 and L2. In the receive mode, PIN diodes CR1 and CR2 are unbiased and effectively disconnected from the circuit. Under this circumstance, the received signal is free to pass to the input of helical resonator Z1 through a low pass filter of C3, C4 and L2. During the transmit mode, diodes CR1 and CR2 are biased on by the +11T line. When the diodes are conducting, CR1 provides a low impedance path for the transmit signal to the antenna port and CR2 shorts out C4 in the switching circuit. With C4 shorted, the network of C3 and L2 act as the equivalent of a quarter wave transmission line with no RF current flowing through L2. With CR2 conducting, RF energy is prevented from appearing at the input of Z1. KEYLINE AND CONTROL CIRCUITS
There are two push-to-talk inputs to the keyline control circuit. The positive-going keyline input, PTT, is used for factory test only. Its input from J1 Pin 14 is fed into U21B through a network of current limiting resistors and protection diodes. The output of U21B goes to one input of U21A and U21D. The output of U21A is fed to U21C. The output of U21C goes to the keyline input of U16. AUDIO/DATA SWITCHING
One section of U15, switch U15X, controls data appearing at the RXD terminal, pin 3 of J1, switching between modem data and microprocessor data from U16. Another section, U15Z, switches the transmit audio path between the modem transmit audio output and the external transmit audio input to the transceiver from J1. U15Z is controlled by means of a modem enable line which is tied to +10 volts when the modem option is installed.
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
THEORY OF OPERATION
5-3
Without the modem installed, the normal state of U15Z is such that transmit audio from J1 pin 9 modulates the transmitter. With the modem installed, the external transmit audio from J1 is cut off, and modem transmit audio is selected. MICROPROCESSOR/EEPROM
The microprocessor, U16, controls many of the on-board functions of the transceiver. It runs a predetermined routine that controls all of its pin functions; this routine is permanently programmed within the IC and cannot be altered. All programmable functions and values are stored by the microprocessor in an electrically erasable, programmable, read-only memory (EEPROM) IC, U18. These include operating parameters such as the channel’s “home” frequency, hop pattern, and CTS delay time/mode, as well as model and factory serial numbers. U16 and U18 share a common clock and exchange data through data lines. U17 and its associated circuit will reset the microprocessor, U16, to its initial operating condition in case of a power interruption or “glitch” on the 5 volt line. U19 is a seven-section open collector interface IC which provides a level shift between the microprocessor output pins and other transceiver circuits. U19B controls transmit audio mute gate U27A. U19D drives the RX (receiver) mute line. U19E drives the RXE (L) line which controls Q5. U19F and U19G are connected to provide an isolated TXE (L) signal to drive the inhibit lines of regulators U10 and U11, as described in the Power Supply section. TRANSMIT AUDIO
This signal path processes the FSK signal from the internal modem. The transmit audio circuit consists of a variable gain amplifier, active low-pass filter, and a summing amplifier. The variable gain amplifier’s (U28B) gain is set by R168; this stage amplifies the transmit audio appearing at the output of U27A. The transmit audio then passes through a low pass filter consisting of U28C and associated components. The output of U28C is buffered by U28D. R175 provides a variable DC offset voltage to one input of U28D and is used to fine-tune the TCXO frequency. R175 varies the DC voltage output of U28D while preserving the proper amplitude of the transmit audio signal, superimposed on the DC level. This composite signal is DC coupled to the frequency adjustment (modulation) pin of the TCXO. Transmit audio is also fed to the VCO input by means of a network centered around R179, which is the high frequency (HF) compensation control and is adjusted to provide a balanced transmit audio frequency response. PLL/SYNTHESIZER
The temperature compensated 19.6 MHz crystal oscillator (TCXO) sets the reference frequency for the phase-lock loop (PLL) circuit. The TCXO’s output is amplified by Q12 and associated components to a level sufficient to drive the CMOS divider U20, which divides the 19.6 MHz TCXO signal down to a clock frequency of 2.45 MHz. This clock signal is used to run both U16 and the synthesizer IC, U22. U22 is a CMOS PLL synthesizer consisting of a phase detector, a programmable reference divider, a programmable feedback divider, and prescaler. Data input is serially loaded from U16; this data consists of binary coded numbers representing the reference and feedback (VCO RF sample) divider ratios required to produce the final transmit frequency. The 5-4
THEORY OF OPERATION
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
reference divider is programmed only on power-up, with a power reset or with a PLL out-of-lock condition. The feedback divider value changes according to the transmit/receive frequencies sent from the hop controller, and is reloaded for the microprocessor’s EEPROM every time a transmit-to-receive or receive-to-transmit transition is required during the hop sequence. The phase detector output of U22 is fed to the VCO tuning input through an R-C loop filter. Transmit audio modulation of the VCO is fed to the loop filter from the wiper of R179. The lock detector output of U22 is amplified by Q11. When the PLL is in lock, U22 Pin 7 is high, shutting off Q11 and keeping the O/L line low. An out-of-lock condition causes Q11 to conduct and drive the O/L line high. The O/L line inhibits the function of U33, U11 and U10, as previously described in the POWER SUPPLY section; also, it is conducted to J1-Pin 25, through a 1 K resistor. LED CR25 provides an internal visual indication of an out-of-lock condition. U24 is a self-contained voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) assembly whose output is amplified by buffer amplifier Q16. Part of the output of Q16 is fed back to the prescaler input of U22. The main RF path from the VCO passes through T2, which splits the amplified VCO output equally between M1 and U8. Power for the VCO is derived from the VCO +5 volt regulator, U25, which has an output inhibit pin controlled by the VCO disable line. This line, when either tied high from one pin of J5 or driven high by command from the microprocessor, will inhibit the output of the VCO +5 volt regulator, removing supply voltage from the VCO and thus disabling the PLL. The microprocessor will execute this function when the transmitter time-out timer limit is exceeded. RS-232 DATA INTERFACE
U31 is an RS232 line driver/receiver integrated circuit with an input/output disable function. It has an internal +5 volts to +10/–10 volt converter that allows it to provide a true RS-232 compatible output. Transient protection for the six RS-232 I/O lines from J1 is accomplished by means of CR26, CR27, CR28, CR29, CR30, and CR37; hence, any static discharge or overvoltage condition appearing on J1 will be shunted to ground with these devices before reaching U31. The data signal interface between the internal modem assembly and the main transceiver board is such that the signals are inverted from standard RS-232 signal polarity. The inverted signals, namely RXD(L), TXD(L), DCD(L), RTS(L), and CTS(L), are fed directly to U31. LED INDICATORS
U29, a six section non-inverting buffer, interfaces to the TTL-level data signals present between the modem and converter IC U31. The outputs of U29 drive the LED indicators visible from the front of the transceiver. These indicators are discussed elsewhere in this manual. HOP CONTROLLER BOARD
The Hop Controller Board is essentially a special data processing engine, installed in the option board position inside the transceiver housing. This processor takes incoming RS-232 data and assembles it into synchronous packets, using SDLC protocol. A similar processor at the receiving side of each link decodes these SDLC packets back into ordinary RS-232 data. The information is buffered so that data which goes into the radio in a seamless stream MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
THEORY OF OPERATION
5-5
remains seamless. In this way, the nature of the frequency hopping remains transparent to the end user. The data itself causes the keying of the radio. Buffering makes it unnecessary to use hardware handshaking or PTT. A constant HIGH signal is normally provided on the Clear to Send (pin 5) and Data Set Ready (pin 6) of J1 (the external data interface connector), if CTS is programmed to zero (Ø). Data enters the MDS 9310 at between 1200 and 9600 bps asynchronous, usually with 8 data bits and no parity (this format is programmable to a limited extent - see Chapter 4— Programming & Diagnostics). Data flow through the radio is transparent, but there can be up to 180 milliseconds of delay between input at the transmitter and output at the receiving radio, depending on operating mode. This is necessary to provide seamless data flow, even though the radio is changing frequencies four times a second. In order to receive a constant signal, all transceivers in a system must be synchronized. This is done by designating one radio the master. It is similar to the other radios in the system (remotes), except that every quarter of a second it transmits a special synchronization message. Each remote radio looks for this message and then follows its master as they hop frequencies. To ensure that a radio does not start following the wrong master, each system has its own address. Messages from radios with a different address are ignored. To further ensure proper synchronization, the master synchronization message has a unique checksum which must match at the receiving end. There are 64 frequencies that the radio hops over, and it may take up to sixteen seconds for a remote radio to hear the synchronization message on its frequency. If a remote that is in lock does not hear its master for several seconds, it stops hopping and waits to re-acquire lock. As the synchronization message is being sent, the TR (transmit) indicator on the front panel will blink four times each second. This only happens at the master, since it is the only unit transmitting the synchronization message. On all the remote units, the CD light (carrier detect) will be continuously illuminated when it is locked to the hopping master.
5-6
THEORY OF OPERATION
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
RECEIVER FRONT END 902 – 928 MHZ
FIRST INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCY 23.000 MHZ
Z1
2ND IF 455 KHZ
T1
Z2 RF AMP
IF SUBSYSTEM
CRYSTAL FILTER
HIGH IF AMP
M1
DISCRIMINATOR COIL
RSSI AMP RSSI (J1-21)
U5A Q1
23 MHZ
Q2
FL1
AUDIO BUFFER
U1
J14 U3A ANTENNA CONNECTOR J4
FL2
L2 CR1
C3
C4
AUDIO INVERT
MODEM RX LEVEL ADJUST
Y1
AN TENNA S WI WITCH
CR2
+ 8R
RX LO: 892 – 905 MHZ MASTER 925 – 938 MHZ SLAVE
SQUELCH GATE U26D
F L3
R25
U3B + 8V
+ 4V POWER AMPLIFIER
INVERTER RX AUDIO LEVEL
U9
U8
T2
FWD PWR (J7-3) Q3
REFL PWR (J7-12)
RX MUTE
SIGNAL SPLITTER
TX LO: 902-928 MHZ (MASTER, SLAVE)
POWER REGULATOR
(TX INHIBIT)
O/L (Q11)
R41 SQUELCH
+ 8V
U6B
U6A
U6C
NOISE AMP
POWER ADJUST
GND
VCO DISABLE (FROM U16)
U25
+11T REG
U15Y
uP DATA IN (J8-8)
U18 + 8V
U15X
U32
DIAG (To U16)
DIAG (FROM Q15)
REF. VOLTAGE + 8V REG
U4
+ 2.5V
+ 5V REG + 5V
U22 SYNTHESIZER & PRESCALER
Q16 U23 BUFFER
U16 MICROPROCESSOR
/RTS (J8-2) /CTS (J8-7) A
U21A
Q5
U21D KEYLINE (TO U16)
+ 8R
/TXE (U10, U11) E
VCO SAMPLE
HF AUDIO COMP
KEYLINE INTERFACE PTT (J1-14)
G
+ 8R SW
/RXE (U19E) R175 TX FREQ. ADJ
R168 TRANSMIT DEV ADJ
NOT USED
LOOP FILTER
VCO
F
MODEM /PTT (J6-9)
RXD SWITCH
. F E R Z H M 5 4 . 2
R179
Q11
OUT-OF-LOCK DET. DRIVER
/RXE (TO Q5)
D
RX MUTE (TO U26D) B
O/L (J1-25)
TX AUDIO MUTE (U27A) U19
C INTERFACE DRIVER
KEYLINE (FROM U21)
CR25 U21B
Q21D
Q9
MODEM ENABLE (J6-18)
19.6 MHz
LP FILTER U28B
U28C
U28D
MODEM /RXD (J6-4) /RXD (U29,U31)
U24
U12 U13
DATA SW (J8-10)
/TXD (FROM U31)
+ 8V
DIAGS OPEN (J1-23)
TXD SWITCH
EEPROM
+ 11T
U10 Q15
RUS (J1-10) CR32B SQUELCH
TO OPTION 2 (DIAGNOSTICS BD.) J5,J7
+13 V IN CR13
U3D
U6D
NOISE RECT
VCO +5 REG.
RX AUDIO (J1-11)
U5C
COMPARATOR
R69 Z7 F1 4A
R212
NOISE FILTER
U11
/TXE (U19G)
J2
VOX AF (J6-17)
+ 4V REG
DRIVER AMP
DIRECTIONAL COUPLER
+ 11T
MODEM AF (J6-1)
U3C
U2
TCXO
REF. AMP
U17
DIVIDE-BY-8
Q12
+ 5V
2.45 MHz
U20
LOW VOLTAGE RESET
+ 5V
TX AUDIO MUTE (U19B)
(MODEM) CR31A (RTS)
RS-232 INTERFACE TX AUDIO INPUT (J1-9)
CR31B (TXD)
U31 U15Z
U27A
MODEM TX AUDIO (J6-24)
RXD (J1-3)
RXD
DCD (J1-8)
DCD
CTS (J1-5)
CTS
TXD (J1-2)
TXD
RTS (J1-4)
RTS
CR32A (CTS)
FROM U15X
CR33A (DCD) FROM J6-8 CR33B (RXD) FROM J6-6 U29 TO U15Y
NOTE A fraction bar (/) is used to indicate line functions that are active with a logic low. For example /PTT.
Figure 5-1 MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum Transceiver Block Diagram
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
THEORY OF OPERATION
CHAPTER 6—TROUBLESHOOTING SYSTEM PROBLEMS If difficulties are experienced with the radio system during installation, the steps outlined below can help isolate the faulty component. UNIT DOES NOT TRANSMIT OR RECEIVE
1.
Power Supply a. Check Check for +13.8 +13.8 Vdc at transce transceiver iver’s ’s primary primary power power connec connector. tor. b. Check for for continuity continuity of the fuse F1 (4A, FB) FB) on the the transceiver transceiver motherboard. motherboard. If If it is defective, check for reverse polarity or excessive voltage on primary power leads.
2.
Antenna System a. Check antenna feedline and connections connections.. Reflected Reflected power power should should be less than than 10%. Higher values will not prevent the radio from functioning, but will degrade system performance and may indicate serious antenna problems.
5-1/8
CHAPTER 6—TROUBLESHOOTING SYSTEM PROBLEMS If difficulties are experienced with the radio system during installation, the steps outlined below can help isolate the faulty component. UNIT DOES NOT TRANSMIT OR RECEIVE
1.
Power Supply a. Check Check for +13.8 +13.8 Vdc at transce transceiver iver’s ’s primary primary power power connec connector. tor. b. Check for for continuity continuity of the fuse F1 (4A, FB) FB) on the the transceiver transceiver motherboard. motherboard. If If it is defective, check for reverse polarity or excessive voltage on primary power leads.
2.
Antenna System a. Check antenna feedline and connections connections.. Reflected Reflected power power should should be less than than 10%. Higher values will not prevent the radio from functioning, but will degrade system performance and may indicate serious antenna problems.
3.
System tem Para aramete meters rs a. Check for proper proper programming programming of the channel, hop pattern, pattern, system system address address and and data interface rate using Hand-Held Terminal.
UNIT RECEIVES BUT DOES NOT TRANSMIT
1.
Check Check for proper proper progr programmin amming g of system system parame parameters ters:: channel, channel, hop hop pattern, pattern, system system address, baud rate, data format, CTS delay or mode, buffer options.
2.
Check Check Transmitt Transmitter er Power: Power: Key trans transmitte mitterr with Hand-H Hand-Held eld Termin Terminal al by using using KEY KEY command. Measure transmitter power output at the antenna connector with an in-line wattmeter or a service monitor. It should not exceed 1 watt (with unity gain antenna).
3.
Check Check Transmit Transmit Modulat Modulation: ion: Check Check transm transmitte itterr deviation deviation and and adjust, adjust, if necessar necessary. y.
4.
Check Check Transmit Transmit Frequ Frequency ency:: Measure Measure for for proper proper transmi transmitt frequenc frequency y output. output.
UNIT TRANSMITS, BUT DOES NOT RECEIVE
1.
Check Check for proper proper progr programmin amming g of system system parame parameters ters:: channel, channel, hop hop pattern, pattern, system system address, baud rate, data format, CTS delay or mode, buffer options.
2.
Receive Au Audio a. Check if RUS line (Pin (Pin 10 of DB-25) DB-25) goes goes high with received received signal. signal.
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
6-1
UNIT RECEIVES AND TRANSMITS, BUT SYSTEM PERFORMANCE IS POOR
1.
Data Interface Functions a. Check the RTS/CTS delay setting—it usually be set to zero unless CTS action is required. (Some systems may not use this function at all.) b. Check buffer mode, baud rate and data format settings c. Check to see if unit is losing synchronization with the master. CD LED on a Remote radio’s front panel will light up when it is in synchronization with the Master station. It may take many seconds for the Remote to synchronization to the Master when the Remote is first turned on.
2.
Antenna System a. Inspect antenna for damage. Check the feedline for loose or waterlogged connections. b. Check forward and reflected power at antenna connector of transceiver using in-line wattmeter. (VSWR < 1.5:1)
3.
Transmitter a. Check transmitter carrier frequency with service monitor. ( ± 0.00015%) b. Check transmitter modulation. (2.5 to 3 kHz) c. Check RF output power level. It should not exceed 1 watt.
4.
Receiver a. Check receive 12 dB SINAD sensitivity at Pin 11 of DB-25 connector. (–115 dBm/0.4 µV) b. Check squelch threshold level. c. Check modem receive audio level.
RADIO TESTS WITHOUT THE HOP CONTROLLER
If the previous troubleshooting checks do not isolate the problem, it is possible to disable the Hop Controller and convert the radio to a fixed frequency FM transceiver for test bench analysis. This allows for a simple go/no-go test of the radio circuits of the transceiver without the intervention of the Hop Controller. Operation of the radio over the air in this configuration is in violation of FCC Part 15 Rules and Regulations. A non-radiating dummy load must be used for testing.
When the Hop Controller Board is be removed from radio the transceiver will operate as a half-duplex or simplex radio on lowest frequency of the frequency set of the channel for which the radio is programmed. Table 6-1 lists the associated frequencies for each radio channel. Basic radio performance will be the same as specified in Chapter 1 of this manual.
6-2
TROUBLESHOOTING
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
Table 6-1. Channel Home Frequencies Without Hop Controller Installed MASTER STATION RADIOS MODE
CHANNEL
Duplex
Simplex*
TRANSMIT
RECEIVE
1
905.225 MHz
918.225 MHz
2
905.250 MHz
918.250 MHz
3
905.275 MHz
918.275 MHz
4
905.300 MHz
918.300 MHz
5
909.800 MHz
924.800 MHz
6
911.400 MHz
926.400 MHz
7
913.800 MHz
913.800 MHz
REMOTE STATION RADIOS MODE
CHANNEL
Duplex
Simplex* *
TRANSMIT
RECEIVE
1
918.225 MHz
905.225 MHz
2
918.250 MHz
905.250 MHz
3
918.275 MHz
905.275 MHz
4
918.300 MHz
905.300 MHz
5
924.800 MHz
909.800 MHz
6
926.400 MHz
911.400 MHz
7
913.800 MHz
913.800 MHz
All radios in a Simplex system must operate on Channel 7 and must be manufactured in the “Master” hardware configuration. The hardware configuration may be confirmed by examining the fifth character of the radio’s model number; an “M” indicates a Master radio. See Figure 2-1 for a sample label. In addition, all the radios in the system must be set to the “Remote” mode using the “MODE_R” command, except for one , that one is set to the “Master” mode. Use the “ MODE_M” command to set the radio to operate as a Master.
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
TROUBLESHOOTING
6-3
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6-4
TROUBLESHOOTING
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
APPENDIX A 4800 BPS FSK MODEM Assembly P/N: 03-1831A11 INTRODUCTION
The 03-1831A11 modulator/demodulator (modem) was designed specifically for use with the MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum Transceiver, allowing it to be mounted within the transceiver housing. This modem is capable of either synchronous or asynchronous operation, however, for use in the MDS 9310 Spread Spectrum Transceiver, it is placed in the synchronous mode. Note that this means that FSK data transmitted between radios is synchronous, modem-to-modem; the data interface between the transceiver and the external equipment is asynchronous only. SPECIFICATIONS
Current Drain:
30 mA from the primary power source
Data Rates:
1200, 2400 or 4800 bps synchronous, w/internal direct FSK interface
INSTALLATION
The 03-1831A11 Modem installs within the transceiver housing on the transceiver motherboard at J6 & J8. The modem contains an eight section set-up and test switch, S1, which is used to configure the modem for either normal operation or for test purposes. ALIGNMENT
There is no alignment of the MDS 4800 bps modem required or possible. However, should a defective modem be replaced with a new one, it is advisable to check the radio’s deviation and frequency setting before returning the radio to service. Details on the radio test and adjustments are found in Chapter 2–Installation in this manual. SWITCH SETTINGS
With the exception of testing, the only S1 switch configuration that is used on this modem is as follows: sections 1, 2 & 4 ON (CLOSED), all other sections OFF. These may be set otherwise for test and alignment purposes, as outlined in Chapter 3. However, after tests are complete these switch settings must be restored. THEORY OF OPERATION Transmit Data
Transmit data from the hop controller board is fed into the data processor U6. Level shifting and wave shaping operations cause the data to resemble a smooth audio waveform. This
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
A-1
waveform feeds into the modulation input of the transmitter. Deviation and center frequency are controlled by the transmitter. Unlike analog radios, the transmitter does not transmit a constant carrier at center frequency when RTS is raised and no data is being sent. It can transmit a signal above or below the center frequency, depending upon whether the data is a mark or a space. With an RS-232 interface, a “Mark” (the normal resting state when no data is being sent), causes the transmitted frequency to be 1.6 kHz below the nominal center. If the TXD line is tied high (continuous Space), the frequency will be 1.6 kHz above the nominal center. While continuous data is being sent, the frequency measures approximately the nominal channel frequency as the carrier toggles back and forth about the center frequency. SYNC-ASYNC CONVERTOR
PROM
U5
RS-232 INTERFACE
DATA SLICER
LOW PASS FILTER
MODEM RX AUDIO
U4
TC RC ETC
U7 U3C
U8
U3B
DATA PROCESSOR
RXD
U6
TXD DCD PTT TAE
U3D
TX RUS
AUDIO OUT S1 OPTION SELECT SWITCHES
10 V REGULATOR
+ 13V IN
+ 10V
U7
RE
5V REGULATOR
U8
+ 5V
POWER REGULATORS & CONTROL
Figure A-1. MDS 4800 BPS Modem Block Diagram Receive Data
While no carrier is detected, the squelch circuit in the receiver senses the lack of quieting and forces the DCD low and RXD output to mark condition. It also biases the “slicer” circuit so that it will recognize the very first mark to space transition correctly once a signal is received. When an RF carrier is detected, the receiver squelch forces DCD true and the receiver receives the FSK (Frequency Shift Keyed) signal just as it would any FM modulated signal. The recovered audio is fed to the modem board which determines the peak excursion of the received waveform in each direction. The center voltage (halfway) between these excursions is used as a “slice” voltage for comparison with the incoming waveform. The output of the comparator is square wave TTL data, identical to that transmitted by the remote station. This is then fed to the hop controller board, and its processor. Received data is then delivered on the transceiver’s INTERFACE connector–Pin 3.
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MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
Synchronizing Data
For asynchronous operation, the modem synchronizes to the incoming transmit data. For synchronous operation, the modem generates the transmit clock timing signal for use by external equipment. Data changes on the rising edge of the TX clock signal, and the modem samples the data on the falling edge of the clock signal. NOTE
Do not change the configuration of Switch S1 from the factory default except during alignment. S1 CONFIGURATION
8
1
OPEN
U3 7
CLOSED U6 U5
Figure A-2. MDS 4800 Baud Modem Assembly Diagram P/N 03-1831A11
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
APPENDIX A
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MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
APPENDIX B MDS 9310-HL DATA TRANSCEIVER FOR USE IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS INTRODUCTION
The MDS 9310-HL Data Transceiver is available for use in Class I, Division 2, Groups A, B, C & D Hazardous Locations. Such locations are defined in Article 500 of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) publication NFPA 70, otherwise known as the “National Electrical Code”. The MDS 9310-HL Data Transceiver has been recognized for use in these hazardous locations by two independent agencies —Underwriters Laboratories (UL) and Factory Mutual Research Corporation (FMRC). The UL certification for the transceiver is as a Recognized Component for use in these hazardous locations, in accordance with UL Standard 1604. The FMRC Approval is in accordance with FMRC Standard 3611. CONDITIONS OF APPROVAL
The MDS 9310-HL Data Transceiver is not acceptable as a stand-alone unit for use in the hazardous locations described above. It must either be mounted within another piece of equipment which is certified for hazardous locations, or installed within guidelines, or conditions of approval, as set forth by the approving agencies. These conditions of approval are as follows: 1.
The transceiver must be mounted within a separate enclosure which is suitable for the intended application.
2.
The antenna feedline, DC power cable and interface cable must be routed through conduit in accordance with the National Electrical Code.
3.
Installation, operation and maintenance of the transceiver should be in accordance with the transceiver's installation manual, and the National Electrical Code.
4.
Tampering or replacement with non-factory components may adversely affect the safe use of the transceiver in the hazardous locations, and may void the approval.
Refer to Articles 500 through 502 of the National Electrical Code (NFPA 70) for further information on hazardous locations and approved Division 2 wiring methods.
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MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
NOTES __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________
MDS 05-2186A01, Rev. D
