UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL SAN CRISTÓBAL DE HUAMANGA FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA Y METALURGÍA
ESCUELA DE FORMACIÓN PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERÍA EN INDUSTRIAS ALIMENTARIAS ASIGANATURA DE TRANSFERENCIA DE MASA: AI-443
PRÁCTICA N° 04
“HUMIDIFICACIÓN Y PSICROMETRÍA” FECH FECHA A DE DE PR PRÁCT CTIC ICA A
: 23 23 de de Oct Octub ube de 2!"3 2!"3
GRUPO
: M#$c%&e'( "! ) " *+,
PROFESORA ALUMNA
: I-., A--/ 0EGARRA VILA : P/uc/1u/-c/ /#1u/+-( ude 4/t#/
AACUCHO ACUCHO ) PER5 2!"3
INTRODUCCIÓN
L/ *'#c *'#c%+et %+et6 6/ / e' e'tu tud# d#/ / &/' &/' *%* *%*#e #ed/ d/de de'' te te+%d# +%d#- -+# +#c/ c/'' de &/' &/' +e7c +e 7c&/ &/'' ./'8 ./'89/ 9/*% *%, C% C%-' -'t# t#tu tue e e& ;u-d ;u-d/+ /+ee-t% t% de #+*% #+*%t t//-te te'' %*e/c#%-e' de &/ #-du't#/ /&#+e-t/#/ c%+% e& 'ec/d% /c%-d#c#%-/+#e-t% de /#e( e& e-;#/+#e-t% de /.u/ % e& 'ec/d% de '<&#d%', P% &% =ue e' #+*%t/-te de'de e& *u-t% de 9#'t/ tec-%&<.#c% e' e& e'tud#% de &%' *%ce'%' de 1u+#d#>c/c#<- de& /#e( e'*ec#/&+e-te e& *%ce'% de 1u+#d#>c/c#<- /d#/bt#c%( =ue .e-e/ /# /#e '/ '/tu tu/ /d% d% de 1u+e 1u+ed/ d/d d / u-/ u-/ te+* te+*e e/t /tu u/ / c% c%-% -%c# c#d/ d/ c% c%+% +% te+*e/tu/ 1?+ed/, F#-/&+e-te e' -ece'/#% de'c#b# /& d#/./+/ *'#c *'#c%+$t %+$t#c #c%( %( cu% cu% u'% u'% *e+ *e+#t #te e u-/ u-/ 'e 'e-c -c#& #&&/ &/ de'c de'c# #*c *c#< #<- de &%' &%' ;e-<+e-%' de #-te/cc#<- /#e8/.u/, E& /c /c%%-d# d#c#% c#%-/ -/+# +#ee-t% t% de& de& /# /#e de u- /&+/ /&+/c$ c$- -%' -%' *e *e+#te +#te &%. &%./ / c%-d#c c%-d#c#%#%-e' e' /+b#e/+b#e-t/& t/&e' e' '/ '/t#' t#';/c ;/ct% t%#/' #/' *// *// &%' /&# /&#+e+e-t%' t%' =ue &/ %cu* %c u*//-(( c% c%-' -'#. #.u# u#ee-d% d% /' /'66 'u c% c%-' -'e e9/ 9/c# c#<<-,, E't% E't% e=u# e=u#e ee e =ue =ue +/-te-./+%' e& /#e de& &%c/& e- c%-d#c#%-e' /decu/d/' e- cu/-t% / 'u c/&#d/d &%' e=ue#+#e-t%' 1#.%t$+#c%', 1#.%t$+#c%', L%' e=ue#+#e-t%' 1#.%t$+#c%' 1#.%t$+#c%' 'e c%e'*%-dec%e'*%-de- c%- &/ te+*e/tu/ 1u+ed/d =ue 'e e=u#e/ *% *%ect% *// e& #-te#% de& &%c/&, P// e&&% e& /#e de& &%c/& debe 'e c/&e-t/d%( e-;#/d%( 1u+#d#>c/d% % de'1u+#d#>c/d%( 'e.?- 'e/- &/' c%-d#c#%-e' de& /#e e@te#%, e@te#%,
A!"#$% G"&"'()": L/ 1u+#d#>c/c#<- e'tud#/ &/' e&/c#%-e' cu/-t#t/t#9/' de +/te#/ e-e.6/ e@#'te-te' e-te e& 9/*% de u-/ dete+#-/d/ e'*ec#e 9/*% de /.u/( et/-%&( etc, c%-te-#d% e- u- ./' 'ec% /#e( +%-<@#d% de c/b%-%( -#t<.e-%( etc,( c%+% u-/ +e7c&/ %b'e9/d/ / u-/ dete+#-/d/ *e'#<-, L%' d#/./+/' *'#c%+$t#c/' '%- e*e'e-t/c#%-e' .>c/' =ue c%e&/c#%-/- &/' d#;ee-te' c//cte6't#c/' % *%*#ed/de' de u-/ +e7c&/( -%+/&+e-te 'e d#'*%-e- *// +e7c&/' de vapor de agua c%-te-#d% e- aire / una atmósfera de *e'#<-,
I* •
•
•
O+,ETIOS:
Dete+#-/ &/' c%-d#c#%-e' *'#c%+$t#c/' de& /#e /+b#e-t/& &%c/&, E'tud#/ e& e;ect% de& c/&e-t/+#e-t% '%be &/' c//cte6't#c/' *'#c%+$t#c/', Dete+#-/ &/' c//cte6't#c/' *'#c%+$t#c/' de& /#e 1u+#d#>c/d% c%- 9/*% de /.u/,
II*
INFORMACIÓN +I+LIOGRÁFICA
II*.* HUMIDIFICACIÓN L/ 1u+#d#>c/c#<- e' u-/ %*e/c#<- =ue c%-'#'te e- /u+e-t/ &/ c/-t#d/d de 9/*% *e'e-te e- u-/ c%#e-te ./'e%'/ e& 9/*% *uede /u+e-t/ */'/-d% e& ./' / t/9$' de u- &6=u#d% =ue 'e e9/*%/ e- e& ./', E't/ t/-';ee-c#/ 1/c#/ e& #-te#% de &/ c%#e-te ./'e%'/ t#e-e &u./ *% d#;u'#<- e- &/ #-te;/ce 1/( '#+u&t-e/+e-te( t/-';ee-c#/ de c/&% de +/te#/, L%' *%ce'%' =ue t#e-e &u./ e- &/ %*e/c#<- de 1u+#d#>c/c#<- '%-: ", U-/ c%#e-te de /.u/ c/&#e-te 'e *%-e e- c%-t/ct% c%- u-/ de /#e 'ec% % c%- b/% c%-te-#d% e- 1u+ed/d, 2, P/te de& /.u/ 'e e9/*%/( e-;#-d%'e /'6 &/ #-te;/ce, 3, E& 'e-% de& &6=u#d% cede e-t%-ce' c/&% / &/ #-te;/ce( *% &% t/-t% 'e e-;6/, , A 'u 9e7( e& /.u/ e9/*%/d/ e- &/ #-te;/ce 'e t/-'>ee /& /#e( *% &% =ue 'e 1u+#d#>c/,
II*.*.* C()"&$(/"&$% #%& 12/#(#5& E& /#e *uede 'e c/&e-t/d% 1u+#d#>c/d% '#+u&t-e/+e-te 'e &e 1/ce+%' */'/ / t/9$' de u- /c%-d#c#%-/d% c%- u-/ ed de t%be/' =ue *u&9e#ce- /.u/ =ue 1/ '#d% c/&e-t/d/ e- u- #-tec/+b#/d% /.u/ ) 9/*% % '#+*&e+e-te +ed#/-te u-/ #-ecc#<- d#ect/ de 9/*%, E'te *%ce'% 'e c//cte#7/ *% u- /u+e-t% de &/ e-t/&*6/ de &/ 1u+ed/d e'*ec6>c/ de& /#e t/t/d%( +#e-t/' =ue 'u te+*e/tu/ de& bu&b% 'ec% >-/& *uede 'e +e-%( +/% % #.u/& =ue &/ #-#c#/&( e;u-c#<- de &/' te+*e/tu/'( /& c%+#e-7% de& t/t/+#e-t%( de& /#e de& /.u/ de 'u' e'*ect#9%' c/ud/&e', S# e& c/ud/& de& /.u/ *u&9e#7/d/ e' ./-de e'*ect% /& de& /#e( $'te '/&d c/'# '/tu/d% / &/ te+*e/tu/ de& /.u/,
AB e*e'e-t/ &/ t/-';%+/c#<- 'u;#d/ *% e& /#e e- e& c/'% de =ue &/ te+*e/tu/ de& /.u/ *u&9e#7/d/ 'e/ #-;e#% / &/ de bu&b% 'ec% de& /#e / &/ e-t/d/,
II*.*6* C()"&$(/"&$% "&7)" P%de+%' e- u-/ %*e/c#<- 'e-c#&&/ c/&e-t/ e& /#e 1/'t/ /&c/-7/ &/ te+*e/tu/ de'e/d/ '#- +%d#>c/ 'u 1u+ed/d e'*ec6>c/( e' dec# /u+e-t/+%' 'u te+*e/tu/ '#- /.e./ -# =u#t/&e 9/*% de /.u/, O*e/c#<- =ue &/ *%de+%' e// / t/9$' de u-/ b/te6/ de /.u/ c/&#e-te( e'#'te-c#/ e&$ct#c/' % +ed#/-te c/&e;/ct%e' / ./', E- e& d#/./+/ *'#c%+$t#c% e't/ t/-';%+/c#<- 9#e-e e*e'e-t/d/ +ed#/-te u- 'e.+e-t% de ect/ 1%#7%-t/&,
II*6* PSICROMETRÍA Se &&/+/ /t+<';e/ / &/ e-9%&tu/ ./'e%'/ =ue %de/ &/ t#e/, Se t/t/ de u-/ +e7c&/ de ./'e'( &&/+/d/ /#e( e- &/ =ue 'e e-cue-t/*/t6cu&/' e- 'u'*e-'#<- 9/*% de /.u/( *%&9%( 'u't/-c#/' c%-t/+#-/-te'( etc,, P// -ue't% /-&#'#'( &/ /t+<';e/ e- &/ =ue 9#9#+%' e't c%-'t#tu#d/ *% u-/ +e7c&/ de /#e 'ec% de 9/*% de /.u/, L/ P'#c%+et6/ e' &/ c#e-c#/ =ue e'tud#/ &/' *%*#ed/de' de &/ +e7c&/ /#e89/*%( *e't/-d% /te-c#<- e'*ec#/& / t%d% &% e&/c#%-/d% c%- &/' -ece'#d/de' /+b#e-t/&e'( 1u+/-/' % tec-%&<.#c/',
II*6*.* E8"#$% " )( 9('(7)" !#'%/$'#( "& )% !'%2#$% !"'"#""'%* (; T"/!"'($2'(* L/ te+*e/tu/ de& /#e e' &/ 9/#/b&e +' #+*%t/-te deb#d% / =ue t#e-de / c%-t%&/ &/ te+*e/tu/ de &%' *%duct%' *eecede%', T%d%' &%' *eecede%' t#e-e- u#-te9/&% <*t#+% de te+*e/tu/ de /&+/ce-/+#e-t%, A#b/ de& <*t#+%( $'t%' e'*#/- / t/'/' #-/ce*t/b&e+e-te /&t/' '%+' 'u'ce*t#b&e' / d/% *% et#&e-% e-;e+ed/de', De 1ec1%( &%' *%duct%' 1%t%;ut6c%&/' e'*#/- / t/'/' de& d%b&e( t#*&e 1/'t/ e& cudu*&e( *% c/d/ "!C "JF de #-ce+e-t% de te+*e/tu/, Te+*e/tu/' *% deb/% de& <*t#+% e'u&t/- ed/% *% ;#% % c%-.e&/c#<-, U- e't#ct% c%-t%& de te+*e/tu/ e' 9#t/& *// +/-te-e &/ +@#+/ 9#d/ /-/=ue&, 7; P'"5& " 9(!%'* L/ 9e&%c#d/d de *$d#d/ de 1u+ed/d de u*eecede% e' *#-c#*/&+e-te c%-t%&/d/ *% &/ d#;ee-c#/ e-te &/ *e'#<- de 9/*% de& /#e e- &%' e'*/c#%' #-tece&u&/e' de& te#d% 9e.et/& de& /#e =ue &% %de/, E& /#e e- &%' 9e.et/&e' ;e'c%' e't *ct#c/+e-te '/tu/d% %( e- %t/' */&/b/'( e't +u cec/ de& "!!K de HR, L/ de'1#d/t/c#<- 'e educe '# 'e d#'+#-ue &/ d#;ee-c#/ e- &/ *e'#<- de 9/*% de /.u/ e-te e& /#e de& *%duct% *eecede% &/ de& /#e =ue &% %de/, T/-t% &/ te+*e/tu/ de& *%duct% c%+% 1u+ed/d /b'%&ut/ de& /#e =ue &% %de/ debe- 'e c%-t%&/d/', #; H2/"( '")($9(* L/ 1u+ed/d e&/t#9/ HR e' u- t$+#-% c%+?-+e-te ut#/d% *// de'c#b# &/ 1u+ed/d de& /#e( *e% -% t#e-e -#-.?- '#.-#>c/d% */t#cu&/ '# -% 'e c%-%ce &/ te+*e/tu/ de& bu&b% 'ec% de& /#e, u-t/'( e't/' d%' 9/#/b&e' *e+#te- dete+#-/ &/ *e'#<- de 9/*% de /.u/( =ue e' u+e% #-d#c/d% de u-/ de'1#d/t/c#<- *%te-c#/&, ; T"/!"'($2'( " '%#<%* L/ c%-de-'/c#<- de /.u/ &6=u#d/ e&%' *eecede%' *uede c%-t#bu# / &/ /*/#c#<- de e-;e+ed/de', S# u- *%duct% e' e-;#/d% / u-/ te+*e/tu/ de %c6% de& /#e e@te#% '/c/d% de &/ c+// de e;#.e/c#<-( %cue u-/ c%-de-'/c#<- t/+b#$- t#e-e &u./ e- e& /&+/ce-/+#e-t% '# &/ te+*e/tu/ de& /#e t#e-e ./-de' uctu/c#%-e', "; T"/!"'($2'( " 72)7% "#%* L%' te+<+et%' de 9#d#% c%+ecu#%( -% debe- u'/'e cec/ de &%' /&#+e-t%' deb#d% / =ue e& +ecu#% e' t<@#c%, T/+b#$- *uede- ut#/'e te+<+et%'
de 9#d#% c%- /&c%1%& % b#+et&#c%' de d#/&( '# 1/- '#d% 9e#>c/d%' c%- u- te+<+et% c/&#b/d%,
8; T"/!"'($2'( " 72)7% 1=/"%* U'/ u- te+<+et% de bu&b% 1?+ed% u-t% c%- u-% de bu&b% 'ec%( e' u- +$t%d% +u c%+?- *// dete+#-/ e& e't/d% de& /#e e- u-/ c/t/ P'#c%+$t#c/, E& /#e e' ;%7/d% / */'/ '%be &/ +ec1/( %c/'#%-/-d% =ue $'t/ 'e e-;#$ 1/'t/ &/ te+*e/tu/ de bu&b% 1?+ed%,
III*
ASPECTOS E>PERIMENTALES:
Re*%t/ &/ *e'#<- b/%+$t#c/ de& +ed#%: ++H.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
P
E& te+<+et% de bu&b% 1?+ed% 'e *e*// cub#e-d% c%- u-/ *e=ue/ +ec1/ e& bu&b% de& te+<+et%( =ue 'e 1u+edece e@t#e-de 1/'t/ u-/ ;ue-te de /.u/ &6=u#d/( =ue .//-t#7/ &/ 1u+ed/d *e+/-e-te de& bu&b%, E'=ue+/ e@*ue't% du/-te &/ Pct#c/
(;
C('(#$"'<$#( !#'%/$'#( ") /"% (/7"&$" I-'t/&/ u- '#'te+/ c%+*ue't% *% d%' te+<+et%': " Te+*e/tu/ %d#-/#/ % de bu&b% 'ec%: T( 2 Te+*e/tu/ de bu&b% 1?+ed% T1( 'uet%' / u-/ c%-9ecc#<- 'u/9e ut#/-d% u- 9e-t#&/d%( e'*e/ =ue 'e e't/b#&#ce *%cede / &/ &ectu/ de &%' +#'+%', Re*et# u-/' d%' / te' 9ece' e- e& /+b#e-te de& &/b%/t%#%( #-c&u#d% &/ c+// de 'ec/d% '#- c/./ e;6%, " T C ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, T1 C ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2
T C ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
T1 C
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3
T C ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
T1 C
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7;
#;
C()"&$(/"&$% ") /"% I-'t/&/ e& '#'te+/ de &%' d%' te+<+et%' de-t% de &/ c/b#-/ de 'ec/d% '#- c/./ % 9/c6%( ce/ e-ce-de e& e=u#*%( e;ectu/ &/ &ectu/ '#+u&t-e/ de /+b%' te+<+et%' / d#;ee-te' ./d%' de c/&e-t/+#e-t% 'e ec%+#e-d/ -% e@cede &%' J!C( *% ;/c#&#d/d %*e/t#9/, "
T C ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
T1 C
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2
T C ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
T1 C
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3
T C ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
T1 C
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T C ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
T1 C
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H2/#(#5& !%' &?"##5& " 9(!%' " (@2( I-'t/&/ e& '#'te+/ de &%' d%' te+<+et%' e.#'t/ e- e't/d% e't/c#%-/#% &%' 9/&%e' de te+*e/tu/ %d#-/#/ te+*e/tu/ de bu&b% 1?+ed% / &/ e-t/d/ &ue.% / &/ '/&#d/ de& 1u+#d#>c/d% de c%#e-te ./'e%'/ *% #-ecc#<- de 9/*%, Se.?- e'=ue+/ de'c#t% *// &/ *ct#c/ e- e& L/b%/t%#% E& '#'te+/ de 1u+#d#>c/c#<- *% #-ecc#<- de 9/*% 'e *uede #-'t/&/ de &/ '#.u#e-te +/-e/: •
•
•
T%+/ &/ &6-e/ de /#e c%+*#+#d% c%-ect/ / u- #t/7/t% / t/9$' de u- %t+et% *// +ed# e& u%, D#'*%-e e- e& #t/7/t% /.u/ 'u+e.# e& '#'te+/ e- ute+%'t/t#7/d%( c%- &/ >-/&#d/d de c/&e-t/ ;/9%ece &/ 9/*%#7/c#<- de& /.u/ 1/c#/ &/ c%#e-te ./'e%'/ de /#e =ue /t/9#e'/ e& #t/7/t%, E& /#e 1u+edec#d% *%9e-#e-te de& #t/7/t% c%-ect/ / &/ c+// /te-u/d%/ e- &/ cu/& 'e #-'t/&/ e& '#'te+/ de &%' d%' te+<+et%',
H/ce c#cu&/ e& /#e c%+*#+#d% +ed# &/' te+*e/tu/' &ue.% de 'u 1u+#d#>c/c#<- e- c%-d#c#<- e't/b#/d/: " E-t/d/ : T C ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
T1
C
2 S/&#d/ : T C ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
T1
C
De /cued% / &/' c%-d#c#%-e' %*e/t#9/' de& e@*e#+e-t% / 'u' c#te#%'( e*%t/ &%' d/t%' c%+*&e+e-t/#%' =ue c%-'#dee c%-9e-#e-te' du/-te e& de'/%&&% de& e@*e#+e-t%,
CARACTERÍSTICAS:
Te+*e/tu/ de bu&b% 'ec% Tb', Te+*e/tu/ %d#-/#/ de u'#'te+/ +e7c&/ /#e ) 'ec% 9/*% de /.u/ cu/-d% *e+/-ece e- e=u#&#b#%, Te+*e/tu/ de bu&b% 1?+ed% Tb1,
•
Hu+ed/d /b'%&ut/ H , H ¿
Kgvapor de agua Kg aire seco
•
•
•
•
•
Hu+ed/d e&/t#9/ K HR Te+*e/tu/ de %c6% T C/&% e'*ec6>c% 1?+ed% *, * !,2 Q !,@H , E-t/&*6/ 1?+ed/ H H !,2 Q !, @HTb' Q ,2@H V%&u+e- e'*ec6>c% 1?+ed% , V /#e V "WPM Q /.u/@R@Tb'WP HWPM
III*.* CÁLCULOS III*.*.* C2('% " ($% %7$"&% "& ") )(7%'($%'%* M"% (/7"&$" °C
C()"&$(/"&$% ") /"% °C
T71
T#/(' T71 ( 32 ", ! 2!,! 2,!
"
T7 2
H2/#(#5& ") /"% E-t/d/ C T71 T7
T7 2, 3,! 2,!
23,
"" S/&#d/ C 32 2, m agua (i )= 406.5 gr . m agua ( f ) =327.1 gr .
III*.*6* C2('% " ($% 77)%@'#%* P P R MA MB C*A C*B Y/.u/
()%' J !,2 !,!J2 "J 2 !, !,2 ,2
U&( ++H. /t+, /t+X+3W4+%&X4 4.W4+%& 4.W4+%& 4c/& 4c/& 4c/&W4.
CUESTIONARIO 2: D"$"'/&(' )( #('(#$"'<$#( !#'%/$'#( ") /"% (/7"&$" )%#()B 2$)(&% )% ($% /"% " "!"'/"&$% (;B $()" #%/%: H2/"( (7%)2$(B H2/"( '")($9(B E&$()!<( 1=/"(B T"/!"'($2'( " '%#<% ? %$'%*
CASO A: C('(#$"'<$#( P#'%/$'#( ") /"% (/7"&$"* T71 "
T7 2
H !,!""
HR
^
Cp=0.24 + 0 .46 × Ƕ
T'
´ H
^
Cp
"!,
!,2" "2,! ","J
´= V
(
´= V
(
1
Ƕ
)
´ aire + PM ´ agua × PM
R×Tbs P
^
Cp=0.24 + 0 .46 × 0.011
Kcal Cp=0.2451 Kg ° C
^
1 29
+
0.011 18
)
×
´ =1.1876 m / kg V 3
´ =( 0.24 + 0.46 Ƕ ) Tbs + 597.2 Ƕ H ´ =( 0.24 + 0.46 × 0.011 ) 24 + 597.2 × 0.011 H
´ V
0.082 × 297.15 0.72
´ =12.4506 Kcal / Kg H CUESTIONARIO 3: D"$"'/&(' )( 12/"( (7%)2$( !('( )% ($% %7$"&% "& ") "!"'/"&$% 7; ? '"!'""&$(' "& 2& (@'(/( P#'%/$'#% ") "!)((/"&$% !%' "8"#$% " #()"&$(/"&$% ") /"%*
CASO +: C()"&$(/"&$% ") /"% T#/('
T71
T7
H
32
",
2,
!
2!,!
3,!
2,!
2,!
!,!"" ! !,!"3 ! !,!"
(
^ ^p= C
Cp=0.24 + 0 .46 × 0.011 0.2451
Kcal Kg ° C
HR 3!
T' "!,
22
"3,2
"
"J,!
Cp
^
´ H
´ V
!,2 " !,2 ! !,2J "
"3,J ",3 J 23,3
",2! ",2" ",3"2
´= V
(
1 29
+
0.011 18
)
×
0.082 × 302.65 0.72
´ =1.2096 m / kg V 3
´ =( 0.24 + 0.46 × 0.011 ) 29.5 +597.2 × 0.011 H ´ =13.7985 Kcal / Kg H
T71 ", 2!,! 2,!
T7 2, 3,! 2,!
^
Cp=0.24 + 0 .46 × 0.013
^
Cp=0.2460
Kcal Kg° C
´= V
(
1 29
+
0.013 18
)
×
0.082 × 312.15 0.72
´ =1.2515 m / kg V 3
´ =( 0.24 + 0.46 × 0.013 ) 39 +597.2 × 0.013 H ´ =17.3568 Kcal / Kg H
T71 ", 2!,! 2,!
T7 2, 3,! 2,!
^
Cp=0.24 + 0 .46 × 0.0175
^
Cp=0.2481
´= V
(
1 29
Kcal Kg ° C
)
+ 0.0175 × 0.082 × 325.15 18
0.72
´ =1.3129 m / kg V 3
´ =( 0.24 + 0.46 × 0.0175 ) 52 + 597.2 × 0.0175 H ´ =23.3496 Kcal / Kg H
CUESTIONARIO : D"$"'/&(' )( '"2)$(&$" ") ('" 12/#(% ( ") "!"'/"&$% #; ? "#'7' 12/#(#5& " )( #%''"&$" P#'%/$'#%*
12/"( (7%)2$( ? "&$()!<( !('$' " )% ($% %7$"&% "& )( $'(?"#$%'( "@2( !%' )( " ('" %7'" 2& (@'(/(
CASO C: H2/#(#5& !%' &?"##5& " 9(!%' " (@2( E&$'(( T71 T7 "",!
23,
H
HR
!,!!2 2
T'
^
Cp
´ H
´ V
!,22J ,!J ","
^ ^p= C
Cp =0.24 + 0.46 × 0.0062
´= V
(
0.2428
1 29
+
Kcal Kg° C
0.0062 18
)
×
0.082 × 296.65 0.72
´ =1.1766 m / kg V 3
´ =( 0.24 + 0.46 × 0.0062 ) 23.5 +597.2 × 0.0062 H ´ =9.4084 Kcal / Kg H
S()( T71 2,
T7 32
H
HR
!,!33 J,
T' 2J,
^
Cp
´ H
´ V
!,2J 2J,J ",2 J
^
Cp=0.24 + 0 .46 × 0.0343
^
Cp=0.2558
´= V
(
1 29
+
Kcal Kg° C
0.0343 18
)
×
0.082 × 305.15 0.72
´ =1.2646 m / kg V 3
´ =( 0.24 + 0.46 × 0.0343 ) 32 + 597.2 × 0.0343 H ´ =28.6688 Kcal / Kg H
CUESTIONARIO : E&(?(' ") 7()(&#" " /($"'( ? "&"'@<( !('( ") "!"'/"&$% #; 2" )" !"'/$( "$"'/&(': 2% " 9(!%' " (@2( "9(!%'(% 1(#( )( #%''"&$" @("%(B 2% " #()%' $'(&8"'% ( )( #%''"&$" @("%(*
+()(&#" " /($"'( E@*e#+e-t/& m vaporexperimental =magua (i) −magua ( f ) m vaporexperimental =406.5 −327.1=79.4 gr .=0.0794 Kg
Te<#c% m vaporterico = Ƕ2− Ƕ 1=0.0343 −0.0032 m vaporterico=0.0311 Kgagua / Kggasseco
+()(&#" " "&"'@<( E@*e#+e-t/& ! experimental =m pavor experimental × " agua
! experimental =0.0794 kg × 597.2
Kcal =47.4177 kcal kg
Te<#c% ´ 2− H ´ 1) ! terico=m pavor terico × ( H ! terico=0.0311 × ( 28.6688 −9.4084 )= 0.5990
CUESTIONARIO ": JA 2 " "7" )( 8"'"&#( " $"/!"'($2'( "&$'" ") '"@$'(% ") /"% (/7"&$"B ") )<2% 2$)(% !('( )( /"#1( ? )( ") 72)7% 1=/"%K L/ te+*e/tu/ de& /.u/ +/c/ 23, C &/ te+*e/tu/ de &/ +ec1/ e' " C, E't% 'e debe / =ue e& /.u/ =ue 'e e9/*%/ c%-t#-u/+e-te e=u#ee c/&% de 9/*%#7/c#<- *// 'u c/+b#% de ;/'e( t%+/-d% d#c1/
e-e.6/ t$+#c/ de 'u' /&eded%e'( &% cu/& *%9%c/ u-/ d#'+#-uc#
El secado de granos se puede definir como el método universal de adecuar los granos mediante la eliminación del agua hasta un nivel que prevenga el crecimiento de hongos y bacterias, de manera que se conserve el aspecto y la calidad nutritiva del grano como alimento, o su viabilidad como semilla.
- A)/(#"&(/"&$%* E& -#9e& 'e.u% de 1u+ed/d *// e& /&+/ce-/+#e-t% de /&#+e-t%' 'e e-cue-t/ / d#;ee-te' *%ce-t/e' de 1u+ed/d( *// &/' *#-c#*/&e' e'*ec#e'( d/d/' &/' c%-d#c#%-e' +ed#/' de te+*e/tu/ 1u+ed/d e&/t#9/,
- H2/#(#5& ? D"12/#(#5&* E& e-;#/+#e-t% de& /#e( cu/-d% 'e /&c/-7/ &/ cu9/ de 1u+ed/d e&/t#9/ +@#+/ ZP "!!K( 'e t#e-e e- e& *u-t% de %c#<, E& e-;#/+#e-t% de e'e /#e( +%9e e& *u-t% de e't/d% '%be &/ &6-e/ de '/tu/c#<-( c%- &% =ue 'e c%-de-'/ u-/ */te de& 9/*% de /.u/ *e'e-te e- e& /#e, E- c%-'ecue-c#/( &/ /7<- de 1u+ed/d d#'+#-u#,
- R"8'@"'(#5&* E& >- de t%d/ t$c-#c/ de *e'e9/c#<- de &%' *%duct%' 'e/ cu/& 'e/( e' e& de *%&%-./ e& t#e+*% de c%-'e9/c#%- de &%' +#'+%'( / 'e/ de'tue-d% &%' +#c%%./-#'+%'( % #-1#b#e-d% 'u /ct#9#d/d 'u +u&t#*&#/c#<-, - F"'/"&$(#5& " ()/"&$%* E- &/ ;e+e-t/c#<- 'e -ece'#t/ /c%-d#c#%-/ &/ te+*e/tu/ &/ 1u+ed/d e&/t#9/( *// e& cec#+#e-t% +#c%b#/-% de ;e+e-t/c#<-( c%+% *% ee+*&% *// e& 9#-%( e& %.ut( etc, - C)/($(#5& " !)(&$( &2$'()" ? )(7%'($%'%* N%+/&+e-te 'e ut#/- e- &/ #-du't#/ cu/-d%( *% &/ -/tu/&e7/ de& *%duct% *%duc#d%( 'e debe- c%-t%&/
e'*ec#/&+e-te &/' c%-d#c#%-e' de 1u+ed/d te+*e/tu/ de &/ *&/-t/( *// =ue &/ c/&#d/d de& *%duct% -% 'e 9e/ /;ect/d/, Ot/' 9ece' 'u #+*&/-t/c#<- e'*%-de '#+*&e+e-te / c#te#%' de c%-;%t,
CUESTIONARIO : P'""&$(' ") !'%?"#$% !('( '"()(' ") !'%@'(/( 2" !"'/$( #%&$'2' ") D(@'(/( P#'%/$'#% ( )( !'"5& )%#()*
CONSTRUCCIÓN DEL DIAGRAMA PSICROMTRICO Re*e'e-t/e+%' '%be e& ee de &/' /b'c#'/' &/' te+*e/tu/' de bu&b% 'ec% e- C '%be e& ee de %de-/d/' &/ 1u+ed/d e'*ec6>c/ e- . de 9/*% de /.u/ *% . de /#e 'ec%, L/' d#;ee-te' cu9/' 'e t/7/- de &/ '#.u#e-te +/-e/:
C2'9( " ($2'(#5&
L/ cu9/ de '/tu/c#<-( =ue &#+#t/ 'u*e#%+e-te /& d#/./+/ P'#c%+$t#c%( 'e t/7/ ecu#e-d% / &/ '#.u#e-te ;<+u&/: Has=0.622 ×
(
P vs
Pv − P vs
)
P9 *e'#<- */c#/& de& 9/*% de &/ +e7c&/ e- 4.W+ 2, P9' *e'#<- de '/tu/c#<- de& 9/*% de /.u/ / &/ te+*e/tu/ de bu&b% 'ec% de &/ +e7c&/ e- 4.W+ 2,
L<&"( " 12/"( '")($9( #%&$(&$"
P// c/d/ 9/&% de &/ te+*e/tu/ de bu&b% 'ec% Tb'( 'e dete+#-/ &/ *e'#<- de '/tu/c#<- c%e'*%-d#e-te P9'( &ue.% c%- &/ ;<+u&/ %bte-de+%' &/ 1u+ed/d e'*ec6>c/ de '/tu/c#<- H/', Pv
Puede t/7/'e /*&#c/-d% &/ ;<+u&/: HR = Pvs × 100
L<&"( " $"/!"'($2'( " 72)7% 1=/"% #%&$(&$"
E't/' &6-e/'( &#.e/+e-te cu9/'( 'e %bt#e-e- *% *u-t%' /*&#c/-d% &/ ecu/c#<-: Cpa×Tb#= Ha× ( i v −i sl )− Has × ( is v −isl ) + Cpa×Tbs
L<&"( " 9%)2/"& "!"#<#% #%&$(&$"
A &% &/.% de c/d/ u-/ de e't/' &6-e/' e' c%-'t/-te e& 9%&u+e- de &/ +e7c&/ /#e89/*%( e@*e'/-d% e- +3 *% 4. de /#e 'ec%,
F#/-d% u- 9/&% -u+$#c% de " *// u-/ !( #.u/& / &/ *e'#
Obte-e+%' e& 9/&% de Tb'( &&e9/-d% '%be e& ee de &/' /b'c#'/'( #de-t#>c/ '%be d#c1% ee e& %#.e- de &/ &6-e/ Ve cte,
Se e&#.e &ue.%( /b#t/#/+e-te( u- 9/&% de &/ te+*e/tu/ de %c6% T( 'e dete+#-/ c%- /ud/ de &/' t/b&/' de& 9/*% '/tu/d% &/ c%e'*%-d#e-te *e'#<- de& 9/*%, A c%-t#-u/c#<- ut#/-d% &/ &e de D/&t%-: P P/ Q P9 P *e'#<- /t+%';$#c/ P/ *e'#<- */c#/& de& /#e 'ec% P9 *e'#<- */c#/& de& 9/*% de /.u/ Obte-de+%' &/ *e'#<- */c#/& de& /#e P, de &/ ecu/c#<-: Ve = Ra×
Tbs P− Pv
Puede deduc#'e e& 9/&% de &/ Tb' c%e'*%-d#e-te / u- 9%&u+e- e'*ec6>c% c%-'t/-te Ve, S# &&/+/+%' Tb' / &/ te+*e/tu/ c/&cu&/d/ c%+% 'e 1/ #-d#c/d%( e@*e'/d/ e- C( te-de+%' =ue &/ #-te'ecc#<- de &/' ect/' 9et#c/& 1%#7%-t/& c%e'*%-d#e-te'( e'*ect#9/+e-te( / Tb' /& *u-t% de %c6% #-#c#/&+e-te 'u*ue't%( -%' *%*%c#%-/ %t% *u-t% de &/ &6-e/ Ve cte, Re*#t#e-d% e& *%ced#+#e-t%( +/-te-#e-d% c%-'t/-te e& 9/&% de Ve( %bte-de+%' &/ &6-e/ de 9%&u+e- e'*ec6>c% c%-'t/-te( =ue e' &#.e/+e-te cu9/,
E#()( " )( "&$()!<( " ($2'(#5& Se dete+#-/- / */t# de &/ ecu/c#<-:
is=0.24 Tbs − H a s × i v
#' e-t/&*6/ '/tu/d/ H/' 1u+ed/d e'*ec6>c/ #9 e-t/&*#/ de 9/*% L/ e'c/&/ *uede d#bu/'e *e*e-d#cu&/+e-te / &/' &6-e/' de te+*e/tu/ de bu&b% 1?+ed% c%-'t/-te %*%tu-/+e-te *%&%-./d/',
I*
RESULTADOS DE CARACTERÍSTICAS PSICROMTRICAS: C2('% .: D") /"% (/7"&$"*
T71 C "
T7 C 2
H 4.AW4.B !,!""
HR K
T' C
´ H
^
Cp
4c/&W4.BC !,2"
"!,
4c/&W4.B +3W4.B "2,! ","J
C2('% 6: D" #()"&$(/"&$% ") /"%
T#/(' (
T71 C
T7 C
H 4.AW4.
C
HR K
T' C
", 2,
!,!""! 3!
!
2!,! 3,!
!,!"3! 22
2,! 2,!
!,!" "
´ H
´ V
4c/&W4.B 4c/&W4. +3W4. C B B "!, !,2" "3,J ",2! "3,2 !,2! ",3 ",2" J "J,! !,2J" 23,3 ",3"2
B
32
^
Cp
´ V
C2('% 3: D" 12/#(#5& !%' &?"##5& " 9(!%' " (@2( ´ ´ T71 T7 H HR T' H Cp V
C
C
4.AW4.
K
C
B
E&$'(( "",! 23, S()( 2, 32
*
^
4c/&W4.B 4c/&W4. +3W4.B C B
!,!!32 2
!,2"
,J3
",""!
!,!33 J,
2J,
!,2J
2J,J J
",2
DISCUSIÓN E& +ed#% /+b#e-te e- =ue t/b//+%' e'u&t% te-e u-/ 1u+ed/d e&/t#9/ de K, P% &% t/-t% e& /+b#e-te e& /+b#e-te e' 'e+#'ec%, L%' e'u&t/d%' de &/' c//cte6't#c/ *'#c%+$t#c/' e- e& c/'% B c/&e-t/+#e-t% de& +ed#% 'e d#;ee-c#/- de& c/'% A, D%-de 'e *uede 1/ce u-/ c%+*//c#<- c%- e'*ect% /& *%ce-t/e de 1u+ed/d e&/9/( =ue d#'+#-ue c%-;%+e &/ te+*e/tu/ /u+e-t/, t%d/' &/' de+' c//cte6't#c/' /u+e-t/- c%-;%+e /u+e-t/ &/ te+*e/tu/ de bu&b% 'ec% &/ te+*e/tu/ de bu&b% 1?+ed% c%+% 'e *uede /*ec#/ e- e& cu/d% 2, P% &%
t/-t% *// te-e u- +ed#% c%- b// 1u+ed/d 'e debe /u+e-t/ &/ te+*e/tu/ 'e ?t#& *// *%*<'#t%' de 'ec/d%, •
E- e& c/'% C( 'e *uede %b'e9/ =ue &/ te+*e/tu/ /u+e-t/ &/ 1u+ed/d e&/t#9/ t/+b#$- /u+e-t/, '#e-d% c%-t/d#ct%#% /& c/'% B =ue 'e /-/<, E-t%-ce' $'t/ 9/#/c#<- 'e debe =ue 'e #-ect% 9/*% de /.u/, E& +ed#% 'e 1u+#d#>c% c/u'% e& /u+e-t% de c/-t#d/d de 9/*% de /.u/ e- e& +ed#%, P% &% t/-t% e& /+b#e-te =ue t#e-e $'t/' c//cte6't#c/' e' ?t#& *// c/'%' de .e+#-/c#<-( cu&t#9%' e- #-9e-/de%'( etc,
I* •
•
•
CONCLUSIÓN
Se dete+#-< &/' c%-d#c#%-e' *'#c%+$t#c/' de& /#e /+b#e-t/& &%c/& / &/ *e'#<- &%c/& de A/cuc1%, Se e'tud#< e& e;ect% de& c/&e-t/+#e-t% '%be &/' c//cte6't#c/' *'#c%+$t#c/'( *% c%-'ecue-c#/ d#'+#-ue-d% e& *%ce-t/e de 1u+ed/d( '#e-d% ?t#& *// /&.u-%' /c%-d#c#%-/+#e-t%' ut#/d%' e- &/ #-du't#/ =ue e't$ e&/c#%-/d% /& b/% *%ce-t/e de 1u+ed/d c%+% 'ec/d%, Se dete+#-< &/' c//cte6't#c/' *'#c%+$t#c/' de& /#e 1u+#d#>c/d% c%- 9/*% de /.u/, S#e-d% e't% ?t#& *// +ed#%' =ue -ece'#te- /&t% *%ce-t/e de 1u+ed/d u- /c%*&/d% c/&e-t/+#e-t% de& '#'te+/,
II* +I+LIOGRÁFIA D6/7( V#ct%#% S/-t#/.% R/?& O'c/ B/e-ec1e 2!!: Ac%-d#c#%-/+#e-t% de ed#>c#%'( *#+e/ ed#c#<-( Bue-%' A#e' ) /.e-t#-/, P., 2, •
U-#9e'#d/d de C/&#;%-#/ 2!!: Tec-%&%.6/ de P%'tc%'ec1/ de cu&t#9%' H%t%;ut6c%&/'( tece/ ed#c#<-, *., "",
