LTE Functionalities and Features Overview LTE Radio Parameters RL40
Contents 1. LTE Functionalities & Features Overview 2. Parameters Structure & SIBs 3. Physical Channel Configuration & Random Access 4. UE State Handling 5. Bearer Management 6. Admission Control 7. Power Control & Power Setting 8. Adaptive Modulation & Coding 9. MIMO Mode Control 10. Idle Mode Mobility 11. Connected Mode Mobility 12. Scheduler 13. SON
LTE/EPC Network Elements Main references to architecture in 3GPP specs.: TS23.401,TS23.402,TS36.300
Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)
Evolved Packet Core (EPC) HSS
eNB Mobility Management Entity
Policy & Charging Rule Function
S6a
MME
X2
S10
S7
Rx+ PCRF
S11 S5/S8
S1-U LTE-Uu
LTE-UE
Evolved Node B (eNB)
Serving Gateway
SGi
PDN Gateway S-GW /P-GW
PDN
LTE Radio Interface and the X2 Interface (E)-RRC
User PDUs
LTE-Uu interface
.. User PDUs •
PDCP RLC
TS 36.300
MAC LTE-L1 (FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA)
eNB
•
•
•
LTE-Uu
X2-CP (Control Plane) TS 36.423 TS 36.422 TS 36.421
SCTP
UDP
IP
IP
L1/L2
L1/L2
FDD and TDD duplex methods Scalable bandwidth 1.4MHz to currently 20 MHz
•
Inter eNB interface
•
X2AP: special signalling protocol
•
Functionalities:
User PDUs
GTP-U
Based on OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in UL
X2 interface
X2-UP (User Plane)
X2-AP
Air interface of LTE
X2
–
TS 36.424 –
TS 36.421 –
TS 36.420
eNB
For an inter- eNB HO to facilitate handover and provide data forwarding. In RRM to provide e.g. load information to neighbouring eNBs to facilitate interference management Logical interface: It does not need direct site-to-site connection, i.e. it can be routed via core network as well
S1-MME & S1-U Interfaces S1 interface is divided into two parts:
S1-MME (Control Plane)
S1-MME interface •
•
•
NAS Protocols
Control interface between eNB and MME S1AP:S1 Application Protocol MME and UE will exchange nonaccess stratum signaling via eNB through this interface ( i.e. authentication, tracking area updates)
TS 36.413
S1-AP
TS 36.412
SCTP
MME
IP
eNB
L1/L2
TS 36.411 S1-U (User Plane) User PDUs
GTP-U TS 36.414
S1-U interface •
•
User plane interface between eNB and serving gateway
Serving Gateway
UDP IP
TS 36.411
L1/L2
Pure user data interface (U=User plane) TS 36.410 [currently in TS 36.300
19]
Physical Layer Technologies Downlink: OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access).
Uplink: SC-FDMA (Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access). Both FDD and TDD modes available. Subcarrier spacing 15 kHz.
FDD Carrier Bandwidth [MHz]
Number of Resource Blocks
1.4
6
3
15
5
25
10
50
15
75
20
100
Scalable bandwidth.
FDD with 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz Bandwidth supported in RL40
Exercise - Theoretical RB Capacity (normal cyclic prefix case)
Based upon 3GPP TS 36.211
Resource Block (RB)
s r ) e i r z r H a c k b 0 u 8 s 1 ( 2 1
7 symbols (0.5 ms)
•
Basic unit of resource
•
12 subcarriers wide in the frequency domain
•
7 symbols long in the time domain
•
Thus, 84 symbols per resource block
•
Bit Rate per Resource Block depends upon modulation scheme
Bit Rates per Resource Block TTI is 1 ms, i.e. duration of 2 resource blocks
Symbol rate = 168 ksps •
QPSK => 2 bits per symbol => 336 kbps
•
16QAM => 4 bits per symbol => 672 kbps
•
64QAM => 6 bits per symbol => 1.008 Mbps
Exercise - Theoretical LTE Bit Rates - Downlink •
Bit Rates per Resource Block Number of Resource Blocks Channel Bandwidth
Figures in Mbps 1.4 MHz 3 MHz
5 MHz
10 MHz
15 MHz
20 MHz
QPSK
2.016
5.040
8.400
16.800
25.200
33.600
16QAM
4.032
10.080
16.800
33.600
50.400
67.200
64QAM
6.048
15.120
25.200
50.400
75.600
100.800
64QAM (2×2 MIMO)
12.096
30.240
50.400
100.800 151.200 201.600
64QAM (4×4 MIMO)
24.192
60.480
100.800
201.600 302.400 403.200
•
•
These bit rates are applicable to the bottom of the Physical Layer , i.e. coding rate has not been taken into account Also requirement to account for the overheads generated by Reference and Synchronisation Signals + other Physical Channels
LTE Peak Layer 1 Data Rates •
Downlink: Peak Rate 172 Mbps with 2x2 MIMO and 20 MHz Modulation coding QPSK 1/2 Single stream 16QAM 1/2 Single stream 16QAM 3/4 Single stream 64QAM 3/4 Single stream 64QAM 4/4 Single stream 64QAM 3/4 2x2 MIMO 64QAM 1/1 2x2 MIMO 64QAM 1/1 4x4 MIMO
•
1.4 MHz 0.7 1.4 2.2 3.3 4.3 6.6 8.8 16.6
3.0 MHz 2.1 4.1 6.2 9.3 12.4 18.9 25.3 47.7
5.0 MHz 3.5 7.0 10.5 15.7 21.0 31.9 42.5 80.3
10 MHz 7.0 14.1 21.1 31.7 42.3 64.3 85.7 161.9
15 MHz 10.6 21.2 31.8 47.7 63.6 96.7 128.9 243.5
20 MHz 14.1 28.3 42.4 63.6 84.9 129.1 172.1 325.1
Uplink: Peak Rate 57 Mbps with 20 MHz and 16QAM Modulation coding QPSK 1/2 Single stream 16QAM 1/2 Single stream 16QAM 3/4 Single stream 16QAM 1/1 Single stream 64QAM 3/4 Single stream 64QAM 1/1 Single stream 64QAM 1/1 V-MIMO (cell)
1.4 MHz 0.7 1.4 2.2 2.9 3.2 4.3 8.6
3.0 MHz 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.1 9.1 12.1 24.2
5.0 MHz 3.5 6.9 10.4 13.8 15.6 20.7 41.5
10 MHz 7.1 14.1 21.2 28.2 31.8 42.3 84.7
15 MHz 10.8 21.6 32.4 43.2 48.6 64.8 129.6
20 MHz 14.3 28.5 42.8 57.0 64.2 85.5 171.1
LTE UE Categories • • • •
All categories support 20 MHz 64QAM mandatory in downlink, but not in uplink (except Class 5) 2x2 MIMO mandatory in other classes except Class 1 Class 6,7 &8 added for R10 Class 1
Class 2
C las s 3
Class 4
Class 5
Clas s 6
Class 7
Class 8
10/5 Mbps
50/25 Mbps
100/50 Mbps
150/50 Mbps
299/75 Mbps
301/50 Mbps
301/102 Mbps
3000/1500 Mbps
RF bandwidth
20 MHz
20 MHz
20 MHz
20 MHz
20 MHz
20 MHz
20 MHz
20 MHz
Modulation DL
64QAM
64QAM
64QAM
64QAM
64QAM
64QAM
64QAM
64QAM
Modulation UL
16QAM
16QAM
16QAM
16QAM
64QAM
16QAM
16QAM
64QAM
Rx diversity
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Optional
2x2
2x2
2x2
4x4
Peak rate DL/UL
MIMO DL
2x2 or 4x4 2x2 or 4x4
8x8
RRM Framework UE scope:Handover control, power control, Adaptive Modulation and Coding, outer link quality control, MIMO •
Cell scope:Radio Admission Control, Congestion Control •
eNode B scope: Packet Scheduler (cell scope for simpler implementation) •
RAN scope:Load Balancing
•
Multi-RAT scope: Interworking with GSM/EDGE, UMTS and CDMA2000, inter-RAT HO •
RRM Framework Functional Description of the different RRM Modules Radio Admission Control : Admission control will be encharged of deciding when new users (or mobility users) are allowed to establish bearers in the cell •
Handover control: is encharged of the mobility control within the LTE RRM. Based on UE reported events it will select the appropriate target cell for HO and initiate mobility procedures. •
Packet Scheduler : Is encharged of UL and DL scheduling every TTI and resource allocation. PS will decide which users are scheduled on a TTI basis, the location and the amount of resources allocated to each user. •
AMC (OLQC, OLLA) : AMC will perform link adaptation tasks to ensure radio resources are used in the most effiecient way possible. •
MIMO: This module is encharged of selecting whether Transmit diversity, Spatial multiplexing or dynamic switching between previous two modes will be emplyed for every user based on UE feedback •
Power control: For DL it will be a semi static configuration but for UL RRM will provide feedback for closed loop power control to reduce UL interference. •
RRM Framework: Time Scale of RRM Functions Time Scale Traffic, Channel and Location Variations
Call Duration
100 s
Radio Admission Control
Connection Mobility Control 10 s
Load Balancing , Congestion Control
Layer 3 RRM
Interhandover Time 1s
L3 Signaling Delay
100 ms
Burst or Packet Duration Channel Fading Time LTE TTI
10 ms
Slow UL Power Control (open/closed Loop)
Slow UL LA/AMC, Slow UL ATB
Dynamic MIMO Control
Outer Link Quality Control (OLQC) Fast DL AMC
1 ms
UE DRX/DTX Control
Packet Scheduling (UL/DL), fast ATB ATB = Adaptive Transmission Bandwidth
Layer 2 RRM
RL10 Features BTS Site Solution LTE74 Flexi System Module FSMD LTE86 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 2100 LTE88 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 900* LTE99 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1.7/2.1 LTE101 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1800* LTE437 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 800EU* LTE547 Flexi RRH 2 TX 800EU* LTE76 Flexi BTS legacy MHA Support LTE94 Feederless Site LTE97 Cell range 77 km LTE155 Flexi BTS 3rd party MHA Support LTE899 Antenna Line Supervision LTE900 Flexi LTE BTS 40W Power Support LTE903 Flexi LTE BTS 60W Power Support LTE904 Branch Activation in Triple RF Module Transport LTE129 LTE131 LTE138 LTE707 LTE710 LTE711 LTE875 LTE132 LTE134 LTE713
Traffic prioritization on Ethernet layer Traffic prioritization on IP layer (Diffserv) Traffic shaping (UL) Flexi Transport sub-module FTIB Synchronization from PDH interface Synchronization from 2.048MHz signal Different IP addresses for U/C/M/S-plan VLAN based traffic differentiation Timing over Packet Synchronous Ethernet
RRM/Telecom LTE70 LTE1 LTE3 LTE5 LTE20 LTE27 LTE28 LTE30 LTE31 LTE37 LTE38 LTE39 LTE40 LTE41 LTE45 LTE49 LTE50 LTE51 LTE53 LTE69 LTE788 LTE187 LTE423 LTE747 LTE749 LTE761 LTE762 LTE767 LTE43 LTE793
Downlink adaptive open loop MIMO for two antennas S1/X2 data path management S1, X2 and RRC common signaling Radio bearer and S1 bearer establishment and release Admission control Open loop UL power control and DL power setting Closed loop UL power control CQI adaption (DL) Link adaptation by AMC (UL/DL) Ciphering Integrity protection System information broadcast Physical & transport channels PDCP, RLC & MAC support Fair scheduler (UL/DL) Paging UE state management Cell selection and re-selection Intra and inter eNB handover with X2 Transmit diversity for two antennas Support of 16 QAM (UL) Single TX path mode RRC connection release with redirect Support of UE radio capabilities Link adaptation for PDCCH Advanced target cell selection and handover retry for intra frequency handover Idle mode mobility from LTE to WCDMA, GSM or other LTE bands Support of aperiodic CQI reports Support of 64 QAM in DL Support of 16 QAM (DL)
RL20 Features BTS Site Solution
RRM/Telecom
LTE113 LTE447 LTE101 LTE104 LTE677
LTE2 LTE4 LTE7 LTE9 LTE10 LTE11 LTE13 LTE22 LTE54 LTE55 LTE562 LTE703 LTE819 LTE870 LTE914
Cell Bandwidth - 15 MHz SW support for RF sharing GSM-LTE Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1800 Flexi RRH 2TX 1800 Flexi 1600 MHz RF solution
Transport
LTE140 LTE491 LTE649 LTE564 LTE592 LTE775
Ethernet OAM FlexiPacket Radio Connectivity QoS aware Ethernet switching IPSec on FTIB Link Supervision with BFD SCTP multi-homing (MME)
Operability
LTE492 LTE185 LTE475 LTE559 LTE830 LTE502 LTE163 LTE433 LTE667 LTE796
ANR System Upgrade Automatic iOMS resiliency SW Monitoring Module for LTE LTE Automatic Lock Cell Outage triggered reset Subscriber and Equipment Trace Cell Trace LTE User Event Log Management iOMS connectivity increase
S1 Flex Multi-Operator Core Network Support of multiple EPS bearer Service differentiation EPS bearers for conversational voice Robust header compression Rate capping Emergency call handling Intra-LTE handover via S1 Inter-frequency handover CSFB to UTRAN or GSM via redirect DL adaptive closed loop MIMO for two antennas DL inter-cell interference generation Idle mode mobility from LTE to CDMA/eHRPD Graceful cell shut down
Performance Monitoring
LTE805
PM Counter Capacity I
RL30 Features
RRM/Telecom LTE0570
Periodic UE measurements
LTE0042
Support of DRX in RRC connected mode
LTE0056
Inter RAT Handover to WCDMA
LTE89: Flexi RRH 2TX 2600 Flexi Multiradio BTS LTE RF
LTE0068
Support of Cell Based Location Service
LTE91: Flexi RRH 2TX 850 Flexi Multiradio BTS LTE RF
LTE0426
System Time Broadcast for SIB8
LTE106: 6 Cells support with one System Module
LTE0430
DL power boosting for control channels
LTE0442
Network Assisted Cell Change to GSM
LTE0450
MME capacity value change
LTE0473
Extended DRX Settings
LTE0490
Subscriber Profile Based Mobility
LTE0518
Operator specifc QCI
LTE0522
S1 Partial Reset
LTE0571
Controlled uplink packet segmentation
LTE0572
IMS emergency session
LTE0616
Usage Based PDCCH adaptation
LTE0619
Interference aware UL scheduling
LTE0735
RRC Connection Reestablishment
LTE533: Mobility Robustness
LTE0807
Idle Mode Mobility From LTE To CDMA/1xRTTI
LTE581: PRACH management
LTE0829
Increased UL MCS Range
LTE602: Performance Management Administration
LTE0971
Intra-LTE mobility offsets
LTE644: Configurable cell trace content
LTE1034
Extended Uplink Link Adaption
LTE771: Optimization of neighbor relations
LTE1035
Outer Loop Link Adaptation for PDCCH
BTS Site Solution
LTE452: Flexi RRH 2TX 2100 Flexi Multiradio BTS LTE RF LTE614: Distributed Site Flexi Multiradio BTS LTE LTE921: Flexi 3-sector RF Module 760 LTE977: RF chaining Flexi Multiradio BTS LTE LTE1101: FFCB TRS External Filter for FHCA LTE1106: Flexi low power RRH 850 2TX for optical repeater interface
Operability LTE424: Automatic interface alarm correlation LTE459: LTE Timing Advance Evaluation LTE482: DNS Support for Certificate Examination LTE510: Synchronization of InterRAT Neighbors
LTE782: ANR Fully UE based Automated Neighbor Relation LTE783: ANR InterRAT UTRAN
Transport
LTE784: ANR InterRAT GERAN Automated Neighbor Relation
LTE144: Transport admission control
LTE882: System Upgrade with Backward Com patibility
LTE574: IP Transport Network Measurements LTE931: Ethernet Jumbo Frames LTE Transport
RL40 New Features BTS Site Solution
RRM/Telecom
LTE0179 Dual Band with One System Module LTE0621 Multiradio System Module basic LTE configurations LTE0763 FXFA Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1900 LTE0947 Flexi Multimode System Module FSMF LTE0949 Flexi power distribution sub-module FPFD
LTE0046
Channel Aware Scheduler (UL)
LTE0048
Support of high speed users
LTE0440
S1 Overload Handling
LTE0494
Commercial Mobile Alert System
LTE0495
OTDOA
LTE0496
Support of QCI 2, 3, and 4
LTE0950 Flexi power distribution sub-module FPFC
LTE0497
Smart admission control
LTE1040 FXEB RF Module 1800 MHz, 90 W
LTE0519
eRAB modification
LTE1072 Flexi Lite 750
LTE0534
ARP based admission control
LTE0587
Multiple GBR EPS bearers per UE
LTE0736
CS fallback to UTRAN
LTE0843
ETWS broadcast
LTE0872
SRVCC to WCDMA
Operability
LTE0873
SRVCC to GSM
LTE0162 Cell trace with IMSI
LTE0979
IRC for 2 RX paths
LTE0593 Security for Ethernet Ports on FCT/FSM3
LTE0984
GSM redirect with system information
LTE0622 Local Link Layer Security
LTE1014
X2 eNode B configuration update
LTE0623 Crypto Agent
LTE1073
Measurement based redirect
LTE1387
Intra-eNB Inter-frequency Load balancing
LTE0877 Adjustable Performance Upload LTE0940 SW Verification Agent LTE0953 MDT (Minimization of Drive Test) LTE1045 Full SON Support for distributed sites LTE1078 System Upgrade with Backward Compatibility LTE1340 Trace-based Real Time Monitoring
Transport LTE0612
Synchronization Hub
LTE0628
Flexi Transport submodule FTIF
Dec 2012
LTE (FDD) Roadmap Overview 01/2011 2007
2Q/2011 2008
4Q/20112 2009
RL20
RL30
RL40
RL50
Quality of Service Network & RF Sharing
Network Operations Enhanced IRAT Mobility
Network Capacity Smart Phones
LTE - Advanced Carrier Aggregation
Fair & QoS Aware Scheduling Voice over LTE Solution Service Differentiation Rate Capping Intra LTE Mobility Inter RAT Mobility (Re-Selection) Multi-Operator Core Network Multiple EPS Bearers CS Fallback SON-BTS Auto Connectivity SON-BTS Auto Configuration SON-Central ANR SON-Self Healing Trace Solution RF Sharing GSM - LTE QoS Aware Ethernet Switching Ethernet OAM Flexi Packet Radio Connectivity
Interference Aware Scheduling UE Power Saving (DRX) Operator Specific QCIs Subscriber Profile Based Mobility Inter RAT Handover to WCDMA NACC to GSM SON-ANR Fully UE Based SON-Inter RAT ANR SON-Optimization Neighbor Relations SON-Automatic Alarm Correlation SON-Mobility Robustness (MRO) Up to 6 Cells per Flexi BTS Fast IP Rerouting
Channel Aware Scheduler (UL) Smart DRX Smart Admission Control OTDOA Location Service CS Fallback Enhancements SRVCC to WCDMA / GSM SON-Minimization of Drive Tests SON Reports Time Based Power Saving Flexi Multiradio System Module Flexi Lite BTS 4-way RX Diversity Interference Rejection Combining Synchronization Hub Intra-eNB Inter-frequency Load balancing
Carrier Aggregation MIMO 4x2 Flexi RF Module 6TX Load Balancing SON-MRO Evolution Real Time Monitoring High Capacity Site Configurations IPv6 Frequency Bands (MHz): 700 APT
• • •
Frequency Bands: 760 MHz •
Frequency Bands: 1900 MHz 900 MHz •
Frequency Bands: 2600, 2100 and 1800 MHz 1700/2100 and 1600 MHz 800EU, 850 and 730 MHz
•
• • •
Available
Contract
Under Planning
Study Item
3Q/13 & 20142010
•
RL60 LTE - Advanced UL Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) UL MU-MIMO (4RX) Interference Coordination (eICIC) FDD-TDD Handover SON- Energy Savings Timing over Packet with Phase Synch
