MAKALAH MAKALAH TENTANG TENTANG TENAGA ANGIN MAT MATA KULIAH MESIN KONVERSI ENERGI
DISUSUN OLEH
HASWIN SUPATMO SIMANUNGKALIT
(5141131010)
HEBRON TOGATOROP
(5141121009)
SEPTY HARYANTO TAMBUNAN
(5141121028)
PENDIDIKAN TEKNIK MESIN FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN
KATA PENGANTAR
P!" #$%& %'" '*!'+%'* %,-'."&'+ TUHAN YME/ $'* '*' +,'- ,,&"%'* %'" %,%'+'* #,&+' %,'*'&'* .'' ,*$,,#'"%'* +'# '+' %"'- Mesin Konversi Tenaga Energi Angin Angin $'* .''+ %'" #,,#'" Energi $'* ,&!. Makalah tentang Tenaga '.' 6'%+ $'* +,'- ." &,*'*'%'*7S,' '%''- "*" .''+ ,*''- ,*,+'-'* .'* 6'6'#'* '" ,''7 P,*"# ,*$'.'&" '-6' ." .'' '%''- "*" '#"- !'- .'&" %,#,&*''*/ ,%'&,*' "+ #'&'* .'* %&"+"% $'* ,'** #'*'+ ."-'&'%'* *+% ,&'"%'* ." '#' $'* '%'* .'+'*7
P,*"#
M,.'*/ 12 A&" 201
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Bea!ang
P,*,'*'* ,*,&" '+,&*'+":, '& .'* +,&'&%'* #,.'* ."''%'* ,'" %,"!'%'*;%,"!'%'* ,,&"*+'- *+% ,*.&* .'* ,<'#""+'#" ,'*<''+'* #,& ,*,&" +,&'&%'*7 D'* !' *+% ,*'+'#" %&"#"# #,& ,*,&" .'* ,'*'#'* ' $'* ." '%"'+%'* .'&" ,**''* #,& ,*,&" <#"7
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
1." R#$#san Masaa%
A.'* &#'* '#''- .'&" '%''- "*" '.''-= 17271 B''"'*' #,!'&'- ,**''* .'&" ,*,&" '*"*> 17272 B''"'*' &#,# +,&,*+%*$' ,*,&" '*"*> 17273 B''"'*' &"*#" %,&!' .'&" ,*,&" '*"*> 17274 A' #'!' %,*+*'* .'* %,&"'* .'&" ,*,&" '*"*>
1.& T#'#an Pen#isan A.'* +!'* .'&" ,*"#'* '%''- "*"/ $'"+ *+% =
17371 M,*,+'-" #,!'&'- ,**''* .'&" ,*,&" '*"*7 17372 M,*,+'-" &#,# +,&,*+%*$' ,*,&" '*"*7 17373 M,*,+'-" &"*#" %,&!' .'&" ,*,&" '*"*7 17374 M,*,+'-" %,*+*'* .'* %,&"'* .'&" ,*,&" '*"*7
174 Meto(e Pen#isan P'.' ,*"#'* '%''- "*"/ ,*"# ,**'%'* ,+., %#+'%''* .'* ,*'&" #,&;#,& $'* ,&-*'* .,*'* ,*,&" '*"* .'&" ,."' "*+,&*,+7 B'"% "+ ,&' !&*';!&*' '* '-'* '''*7
BAB II PEMBAHASAN
".1 Se'ara% Energi Angin
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
"." Pengertian Angin
S,'&' #"*%'+ .''+ ."!,'#%'* '-6' '*"* '.''- .'&' $'* ,&,&'%7 M,*&+ B$# B'+/ '-" " '' .'&" P,&'*"#/ '*"* '.''- '##' .'&' $'* ,&,&'% .'&" .',&' ,&+,%'*'* '%#" %, .',&'- ,&+,%'*'* "*"7 G,&'%'* '##' .'&' $'* '&'-*$' -&"?*+' ."%,*' .,*'* "#+"'- '*"*7 A*,,+,& '*%% '.''- ''+ $'* ."*'%'* *+% ,*%& %,,'+'* '*"*7 S'+'* $'* "'#' ."*'%'* .'' ,*,*+%'* %,,'+'*
'*"* '.''- %!' '+' %*+ (1 %*+ C 0/5148 .,+ C 1/854 %!')7 S"#+,'* ,*'''* '*"* "'#'*$' ."-*%'* .,*'* '&'- .'+'**$' '##' .'&' +,,+7 L'.'* A*"* '+' 6"*. <'& '.''- #,&'*%'"'* +"'* +&"* '*"* $'* ." .,#'"* *+% ,*$'" "#+&"% .'&" %,%'+'* '*"* '" ,*..%*$' .'* #,''" ,*+% .'' '$' ,*$,''+%'* " .'&" %,&#'%'* '' '%"'+ ,%#&'#" #,& '-'* '%'& #,'&' ,#'&;,#'&'* ." ,'# '*+'" '+' .'&'+'*7 ".& S#$)er Energi Angin
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
Angin Darat*La#t
W"'$'- I*.*,#"' ,&'%'* .',&'- %,''* .,*'* '# '+'* ,"- ,#'& .'&" .'&'+'*7 A*"* .'&'+;'+ ."#,'%'* %'&,*' .'$' #,&' '*'# $'* ,&,.' '*+'&' .'&'+'* .'* '+'*7 P,&,.''* %'&'%+,&"#+"% '+ .'* .'&'+ +,,+ ,*$,'%'* '*"* ." '*+'" '%'* ,&+" #,'&' %*+"*$7 ".&."
Angin +rogra,i
A*"* &&'<" ,&'%'* '*"* $'* .",*'&-" ,- ,&,.''* +,%'*'* '*+'&' ,&%''* +"*" .,*'* ,&%''* &,*.'- ('*"* ** .'* '*"* ,'-)7 P'.' '" #''" ,*!,'* #"'* -'&"/ '"'* ,&,* '+' ** ,**'* ,"- .'- ."#"*'&" '+'-'&" "' ."'*."*%'* .,*'* 6"'$'- ,'-7 A%"'+*$'/ 6"'$'- ,&,* ,"- ,'+ '*'# .'* ,*$'" +,%'*'* .'&' $'* &,*.'-/ #,.'*%'* #- .'&' ." .',&'- ,''#"- &,'+"< ."*"* #,-"*' ,*$'" +,%'*'* .'&' $'* +"*"7 M'%' '##' .'&' ,&,&'% .'&" ,'- %, ,&,* '+' %, '"'* ** **7 M'##' .'&' $'* ,&,&'% "*" ."#,+ #,''" '*"* ,'-7 P'.' '' -'&"/ #- .'&' ." 6"'$'- ** #.'- #,.,"%"'* &,*.'- #,-"*' +,&!'." ,*,*.''* '##' .'&' '.'+ .'&" 6"'$'- ** %, ,'- $'* '#"- &,'+"< ,"- -'*'+7 G,&'%'* .'&' "*"'- $'* ."#,+ '*"* **7 S$'&'+ #$'&'+ .'* %*."#" '*"* $'* .''+ ."*'%'* *+% ,*-'#"%'* ,*,&" "#+&"% .''+ .""-'+ '.' +', 271 .'* 272 ,&"%+7 T', 271 T', K*."#" A*"*
T', 272 T"*%'+ K,,'+'* A*"* 10 M,+,& ." '+'# P,&%''* T'*'-
A*"* %,'# 3 '.''- '+'# "*" .'* '*"* %,'# 8 '.''- '+'# '%#" ,*,&" '*"* $'* .''+ ."'*<''+%'* *+% ,*-'#"%'* ,*,&" "#+&"%7 ".-. T#r)in Angin
T&"* '*"* '.''- #'+ %"*"& '*"* $'* ."*'%'* *+% ,'*%"+%'* +,*'' "#+&"%7 S"#+, %,&!'*$' '.''- ,*%*:,"%'* +,*'' '*"* ,*!'." +,*'' "#+&"%7 B,&"%+ '.' ''& ."'6'- "*" '%'* ."!,'#%'* ,*,*'" '"'*'"'* ,*$#* .'&" +&"* '*"* =
G''& 271 B'"'* D'' T&"* A*"*
S,#'" ##*'* .'* <*#" .'&" ,,&'' %*,* ,*+"* .'' +&"* ,'*%"+ "#+&"% +,,+/ '%' .''+ ."&'"%'* +'# .'* <*#"*$' '#"*;'#"*7 17
B'.,# (B"'- K"'#)= K,'*$'%'* +&"* '*"* ,*$'" 2 '+' 3 "'- %"'# '*"*
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
137 Y'6 .&":, (P,*,&'% A&'-)= P,*,&'% '&'- ,+'& +&"* %, '&'- '*"* *+% .,#'"* +&"* $'* ,*-'.' '*"*7 U*+% .,#'"* +&"* $'* ,*.''+ -,#'* '*"* .'&" ,'%'* +'% ,,&%'* ''+ "*"7 147 Y'6 +& (M+& P,*,&'% A&'-)= M+& "#+&"% $'* ,*,&'%%'* Y'6 .&":,7 157 T6,& (M,*'&')7
". /enis T#r)in Angin
T&"* '*"* ,'*<''+%'* ,*,&" %"*,+"% .'&" '*"* .'* ,*%*:,"*$' ,*!'." ,*,&" "#+&"%7 A.' .' !,*"# +&"* '*"* $'* +' '=
T&"* A*"* S H&"?*+' (TASH) H&"?*+' A"# W"*. T&"* (HAWT)
T&"* A*"* S V,&+"%' (TASV) V,&+"' A"# W"*. T&"* (VAWT)
"..1 T#r)in Angin S#$)# Hori0onta
T&"* A*"* S H&"?*+' T&"* '*"* # -&"?*+' (TASH) ,""%" &# &+& +'' .'* ,*,&'+& "#+&"% ." *'% ,*'&'7 T&"* ,&%&'* %," ."'&'-%'* ,- #,'- '"*;'"* '*"* ('"*;'"* '') $'* #,.,&-'*'/ #,.'*%'* +&"* ,&%&'* ,#'& '.' *$' ,**'%'* #,'- #,*#& '*"* $'* ."'*.,*%'* %, #,'- #,&: +&7 S,'"'* ,#'& ,""%" #,'- ,'& $'* ,*'- ,&+'&'* %"*"& $'* ,'* ,*!'." ,"- ,'+ ,&+'&7 K'&,*' #,'- ,*'&' ,*-'#"%'* +&,*#" ." ,'%'**$'/ +&"* "'#'*$' ."'&'-%'* ,'6'* '&'- '*"**$' ,*'&'7 B"'-; "'- +&"* ."'+ %'% ''& ,&,%' +".'% +,&.&* ,*! ,*'&' ,- '*"* ,&%,,'+'* +"*"7 T&"* '*"* # -&"?*+' .''+ .""-'+ '.' ''& 272 ,&"%+7
G''& 272 T&"* A*"* S H&"?*+'
a. Kee)i%an TASH
D'#'& ,*'&' $'* +"*" ,,-%'* '%#,# %, '*"* $'* ,"- %'+ ." +,'+;+,'+ $'* ,""%" ,#,&'* '*"*/ ,&,.''* '*+'&' '! .'* '&'- '*"* '*+'&' .' +"+"% $'* !'&'%*$' &,'+"< .,%'+ ." .'' '+#<,& "7 D" #,!'- %'#" ,#,&'* '*"*/ #,+"' #,- ,+,& %, '+'#/ %,,'+'* '*"* ,*"*%'+ #,,#'& 20F7
). Kee$a%an TASH
M,*'&' $'* +"*" #,&+' "'- $'* '*!'**$' "#' ,*''" 90 ,+,& #"+ ."'*%+7
D",&%"&'%'* ,#'& "'$' +&'*#&+'#" "#' ,*''" 20F .'&" #,&- "'$' ,&''+'* +&"* '*"*7
TASH $'* +"*" #"+ ."'#'*/ ,+-%'* .,&,% $'* $'* #'*'+ +"*" .'*
'-' #,&+' '&' ,&'+& $'* +&'"7
K*#+&%#" ,*'&' $'* ,#'& ."+-%'* *+% ,*$'*' "'-;"'- $'* ,&'+/
,'&/ .'* ,*,&'+&7
TASH $'* +"*" "#' ,,*'&-" &'.'& '"&&+7
U%&'**$' $'* +"*" ,&"*+'*" !'*%''* '*.'*'* .'* ,*'* ,*'"'*
'*.#',P,'*.'*'*7
TASH ,+-%'* ,%'*"#, %*+& yaw +''-'* *+% ,,%%'* %"*"& %,
'&'- '*"*7
".." T#r)in Angin S#$)# Verti!a
T&"* '*"* # :,&+"%' ,""%" "'- $'* ,'*!'* .'&" '+'# %, '6'-7 T&"* '*"* !,*"# "*" $'* '"* '.''- +&"* '*"* D'&&",#/ ."*''" #,#'" .,*'* *'' "*#"*$& P,&'*"# G,&,# D'&&",# $'* .,#'"**$' ."'+,*%'* '.' +'-* 19317 ,*"# +&"* '*"* :,&+"%' "'#'*$' ,&."&" #,+"*" 100 ,+,& .,*'* ,'& 50 %'%"7 T&"* '*"* # :,&+"%' .''+ .""-'+ '.' ''& 273 ,&"%+7
G''& 273 T&"* A*"* S V,&+"%'
a. Kee)i%an TASV
T".'% ,+-%'* #+&%+& ,*'&' $'* ,#'&7 K'&,*' "'-;"'- &+&*$' :,&+"%'/
+".'% ."+-%'* ,%'*"#, $'67
S,'- TASV "#' .",+'%%'* ,"- .,%'+ %, +'*'-/ ,'+ ,,"-'&''* '"'*;
'"'**$' $'* ,&,&'% !'." ,"- .'-7
TASV ,""%" #.+ '"&<" (,*+% "'- #,'- '"*;'"* $'* +,&"-'+ #,'&'
,"*+'*) $'* ,"-
+"*"/
,,&"%'*
%,',&."*'"#'*
$'*
+"*" #,'&"
,*&'*" drag '.' +,%'*'* $'* &,*.'- .'* +"*"7
D,#'"* TASV ,&"'- &# .,*'* +*'* ,"*+'* ,&,*+% %+'% '+' ,'+
,," '*!'* ,""%" 6"'$'- +"'* $'* ,"- ,#'& *+% ."',+,& +,&+,*+ .'&"'.' 6"'$'- +"'* ,&,*+% "*%'&'**$' TASH7
TASV ,""%" %,,'+'* '6' '*"* $'* ,"- &,*.'- .'&"'.' TASH7 B"'#'*$'
TASV '" ,*-'#"%'* "#+&"% '.' 10%!' ( 77-7)
TASV "'#'*$' ,""%" tip speed ratio (,&'*."*'* '*+'&' %,,'+'* +'&'* .'&"
!* #,'- "'- .,*'* '! #,,*'&*$' '*"*) $'* ,"- &,*.'- #,-"*' ,"- %," %,*%"*'**$' &#'% ." #''+ '*"* ,&-,# #'*'+ %,*'*7
TASV "#' ."."&"%'* '.' %'#";%'#" ."'*' #+&%+& $'* ,"- +"*" ."'&'*
."'**7
TASV $'* ."+,'+%'* ." .,%'+ +'*'- "#' ,*'" %,*+*'* .'&" ,&''" %'#"
$'* ,*$'&%'* '*"* #,&+' ,*"*%'+%'* '! '*"* (#,,&+" ** '+' %"+ $'* *'%*$' .'+'& .'* *'% %"+)/
TASV +".'% -'&# ."'- #"#"*$' !"%' '&'- '*"* ,&'-7
K"*"& '.' TASV .'- .""-'+ .'* ."-"*.'&" &*7
). Ke!#rangan TASV
K,'*$'%'* TASV ,&.%#" ,*,&" -'*$' 50F .'&" ,<"#",*#" TASH %'&,*' .&'
+''-'* $'* ."""%"*$' #''+ %"*"& ,&+'&7
TASV +".'% ,*'" %,*+*'* .'&" '*"* $'* ,'! ,"- %,*'* ." ,,:'#"
$'* ,"- +"*"7
K,'*$'%'* TASV ,*$'" +" '6' $'* &,*.'-/ .'* ,+-%'* ,*,&" *+%
'" ,&+'&7
S,'- TASV $'* ,**'%'* %', *+% ,*$'*'-*$' ,,&" +,%'*'* '.'
'*+''* .'#'& %'&,*' #,' ,&'+ &+& .",'*%'* '.' '*+''*7 K', $'* ."%'"+%'* %, *'% '*+''* ,*"*%'+%'* .'$' .&* %, '6'- #''+ '*"* ,&+"7 ". Prinsi2 Ker'a Pe$)ang!it Listri! Tenaga Angin
A*"* '.''- #''- #'+ ,*+% ,*,&" $'* +,,."' ." ''/ P,'*%"+ L"#+&"% T,*'' A*"* ,*%*:,"%'* ,*,&" '*"* ,*!'." ,*,&" "#+&"% .,*'* ,**'%'* +&"* '*"* '+' %"*"& '*"*7 '&' %,&!'*$' % #,.,&-'*'/ ,*,&" '*"* $'* ,+'& +&"* '*"*/ ."+,&#%'* *+% ,+'& &+& '.' ,*,&'+& ."'"'* ,'%'* +&"* '*"*/ #,-"*' '%'* ,*-'#"%'* ,*,&" "#+&"%7 E*,&" L"#+&"% "*" "'#'*$' '%'* ."#"'* %,.'' '+,&'" #,, .''+ ."'*<''+%'*7 T&"* '*"* '.''- '"'* .'&" #"#+, $'* ,"- ,#'&7 K*,* '"**$' ."*''%'* %*,* ,*$,"'* #"#+, ''*, < #$#+, (BOS) .'* '.' ,,&'' !,*"# +,&'*+* %,'.' !,*"# #"#+, $'* .""*#+''#"7 T"' !,*"# #"#+, ,*,&" '*"* $'* +'' "#' .",.'%'* $'"+ = 17 S"#+, $'* T,&-* %, !'&"*'* PLN/ "%' !'&"*'* PLN #.'- '.' ." .',&'- +,,+/ '%' #"#+, ,*,&" '*"* "#' ."-*%'* %, !'&"*'* +,,+7 R'*%'"'* S"#+, $'* T,&-* %, !'&"*'* PLN .''+ .""-'+ '.' ''& 274 ,&"%+7
G''& 274 S"#+, $'* T,&-* %, '&"*'* PLN
27
O<< &". '+' #"#+, ,&."&" #,*."&" S"#+, +,,+ "#' ,&,&'#" +'*' +'*'* ,%#+,&"& #'*'+ #,#'" *+%
,**''* ." .',&'- +,&,*"7 R'*%'"* #$#+, << &". .''+ ."-'+ '.' ''& 275 ,&"%+7
G''& 275 S"#+, O<< G&". 37 S"#+, L"#+&"% H$&". T&"* A*"* S"#+, L"#+&"% H$&". T&"* A*"* #,'"%*$' ."*'%'* .,*'* #,&;#,& ,*,&" '"**$' (PV/ ,*,&'+& .",#,)7 I*" "#' ,*"*%'+%'* &.%#" ,*,&" "#+&"% .'&" #"#+, "*" .'* ,*&*%'* &,#"% %,%&'*'* ,*,&"7 R'*%'"* #"#+, -$&". .''+ .""-'+ '.' G''& 27 ,&"%+7
G''& 27 S"#+, L"#+&"% H$&".
".3 Ke#nt#ngan (an Ker#gian (ari Energi Angin
K,*+*'* +'' .'&" ,**''* ,'*%"+ "#+&"% +,*'' '*"* #,'&' &"*#"*$'
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
.''+ ,*$,'%'* +,&'**$' '-'$' '+'-'&" $'* '#% %, &'-;&'- ,*..%7 P,&+'&'* #.;#. ,*$,'%'* '-'$' '+'-'&" $'* ,&%,';%," .'* .''+ ,*'* '*.'*'* ,*..% #,+,'+7 E<,% '"* '%"'+ ,**''* +&"* '*"* '.''- +,&!'."*$' .,&' <&,%,*#" &,*.'-7 P+'&'* .'&" #.;#. +&"* '*"* .,*'* <&,%,*#" %*#+'* ,"- ,*'* .'&"'.' #'&'
'*"*
'.'
&'*+"*
-*7
S,'"*
.,&'
.'&"
#.;#.
+&"*/
,**''* gearbox #,&+' ,*,&'+& .''+ ,*$,'%'* .,&' #'&' ,%'*"# .'* !' .,&' #'&' "#+&"%7 D,&' ,%'*"% $'* +,&!'." ."#,'%'* ,- ,&'#" ,%'*"# ,,,*;,,,* $'* ,&'.' .'' nacelle '+' &'- ,'*%"+ "#+&"% +,*'' '*"*7 D'' %,'.''* +,&+,*+ +&"* '*"* .''+ !' ,*$,'%'* "*+,&<,&,*#" ,,%+&'*,+"%/ ,*'* ,*,&"''* #"*$' +,,:"#" '+' +&'*#"#" ,'* "%& *+% ,&%*"%'#"'*7
P,*'&- ,%" $'* +,&!'." .'&" ,**''* ,'*%"+ +,*'' '*"* '.''-
+,&-'.' '#" &* .'* %,,'6'&7 B&* .'* %,,'6'& .''+ +,&%' '+' '-%'* '+" '%"'+ +,&'* ,,6'+" #.;#. $'* #,.'* ,&+'&7 N'* .''% "*" '#","- %," !"%' ."'*."*%'* .,*'* %,'+"'* &*;&* '%"'+ %,*.'&''*/ #'&'* +&'*#"#" "#+&"% .'* '%+":"+'# '*#"' '"**$' $'* ,"'+%'* ,'%'&'* '-'* '%'& <#"7 D'' ,,&'' #+." $'* +,'- ."'%%'*/ '.'*$' ,'*%"+ "#+&"% +,*'' '*"* "*" .''+ ,*'* "&'#" '#" &* .'* %,,'6'&7 P,'**'* ,'*%"+ '*"* '.' '-'* $'* ,&+'*'- %&'* '# !' .''+ ,*$,'%'* &#'%*$' '-'* ." .',&'+,,+7
L'.'* '*"* ,'# '*+'" ,""%" '#''- +,,*."&" $'* .''+ ,*'* ,'+
.'* %'';%'' $'* ,&'$'&7 K*#+&%#" +"'* ,'*%"+ "#+&"% +,*'' '*"* .''+ ,*'* ,&%''* .'#'& '+7 H' '"* $'* +,&!'." .,*'* %*#+&%#" ." ,'# '*+'" '.''- +,&'**$' %,-".'* '6'- '+7 E<,% *,'+"<*$' .''+ +,&!'." #,,&+" ." I&'*."'/ ."'*' +,&!'."*$' #" $'* ,&+'** !'6' '+'# ,&%&'**$' #+% "%'* ." .',&' ,'#'*'* +&"* '*"*7 S+." '&;'& "*" ,*,%'* '-6' '.'* ,'*%"+ "#+&"%
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acre '-'* ,&+'*"'*7 H' "*" ,&*'- +,&!'." '.' T''* N'#"*' A#+&'"' ."'*' 800 % 2 +'*'- +,&'%'&7 K,&'* "*$'% ,'# !' .''+ +,&'." .'* .''+ ,*$,'%'* +,&!'."*$' #" .',&'- #,+,'+/ .'' ,,&'' %'## .''+ ,*%*+'"*'#" '"& "*7 S''- #'+ *+- %,&#'%'* '.' +&"* ,'*%"+ "#+&"% +,*'' '*"*/.''+ ."-'+ '.' ''& 27@ ,&"%+7
G''& 27@ K,&#'%'* P'.' P,'*%"+ L"#+&"% T,*'' A*"*
M,#%"* .''%;.''% "*%*'* "*" ,*!'." '*''* .'' ,'**'* ,'*%"+ "#+&"% +,*'' '*"*/ *'* !"%' ."'*."*%'* .,*'* ,**''* ,*,&" <#"/ .''%*$' '#"- !'- ,"- %,"7 S,'"* "+ ,**''* ,*,&" '*"* .'' %,"#+&"%'* +,'+&+ #,&+' .'' ,*&'*" ,"#" '# '*7 P,**''*
"*:'#"
.''
+,%*"/
''"'*'*
#,'
,*%'*
,&'#''-'* '& $'* ,,&%'* ,,'-'* .,*'* +,&%*" '& '"7 O,- %'&,*' "+ %"+' #,''" &'*;&'* $'* ,&,&'% ." ".'* #",*, .'* +,%*" -'&#'- .''+ +,&# ,*,'*%'* +,%*" $'* ,"- &''- "*%*'* $'* ,""%" ,<,% *,'+"< #,%," *%"*7
".4 Per!e$)angan Pe$)ang!it Listri! Tenaga Angin (i In(onesia (an D#nia
P'.' #''+ "*"/ #"#+, ,'*%"+ "#+&"% +,*'' '*"* ,*.''+ ,&-'+"'* $'* % ,#'& #,''" #,& ,*,&" ',&*'+"< $'* ,"-/ ''*/ #,&+' &''- "*%*'* #,&+' %,,"-'*; %,,"-'* '"* $'* +,'- ."#,+%'* #,,*$' ." '+'#7 T&"* '*"* #%'' %," ,*$'" ,&'*'* ,*+"* +,&+'' '" .',&'-;.',&'- $'* , +,&!'*%' ,- !'&"*'* "#+&"%7 P,'*<''+'* ,*,&" '*"* ,&'%'* ,'*<''+'* ,*,&" +,&'& $'* '"* ,&%,'* #''+ "*"7 B,&.'#'&%'* '&'* +,*'- +'-* 2012 T-, W&. W"*. E*,&$ A##"'+"* (WWEA)/ ++' %''#"+'# ,'*%"+ "#+&"% +,*'' '*"* ."#,&- .*"' +,'- ,*''" 2547000 MW '+' 254 GW7 '- +,,+ #.'- ,&'%'* ,*''-'* 1754 MW #,'' ,*' '* ,&+'' +'-* 20127 H' "*" ,**!%%'* 10 F ,"- #,."%"+ !"%' ."'*."*%'* .,*'* ,&"., $'* #'' +'-* 2011/ $'"+ +,&.''+ ,*''-'* 187405 MW7
T+' K''#"+'# T,&'#'* 2010;2012(MW)
K''#"+'# ' +- #,%"+'& @ F .'' '* (2 F ,"- #,."%"+ ."'*."*%'* .,*'* +'-* 2011 *+% ,&"., $'* #'') .'* 1/4 F .'&" '#"# +'-*'* (".;2012 ."'*."*%'* .,*'* ".;2011)7 P,&'*."*'**$'/ ,&+-'* +'-*'* +'-* 2011 '.''20/3 F7 B,&.'#'&%'* '&'* '%-"& +'-* 2011 T-, W&. W"*. E*,&$ A##"'+"* (WWEA)/ I*.*,#"' ,*,'+" &+'* %, 84 .'' %'"+'* ++' %''#"+'# ,'*%"+ "#+&"% +,*'' '$ (PLTB) #,&+' ,*''-'* %''#"+'# ."+'-* 20117 P,&"*%'+ "*" ,&#+ .'&" $'* '.' '%-"& +'-* 2010 ,*,'+" ,&"*%'+ @47 D" '%-"& +'-* 2011/ ++' %''#"+'# ,'*%"+ "#+&"% +,*'' '$ (PLTB) $'* ."""%" ,- I*.*,#"' -'*$' 1/4 MW .'* -' +,,+ +".'% '.' ,*''-'* %''#"+'# !"%' ."'*."*%'* .,*'* +'-* 20107 P'.' '%-"& +'-* 200@ +,'- ."'** %"*"& '*"* ,'*%"+ .,*'* %''#"+'# %&'* .'&" 800 6'++ ."'** ." ,'+ %'#"/ '#"*;'#"* ." P' S,'$'& +"' *"+/ S'6,#" U+'&' .' *"+/ .'* N#' P,*".'/ B'"/ #,&+' B'*%' B,"+*/ '#"*;'#"* #'+ *"+7 K,."'*/ ." #,&- I*.*,#"'/ "' *"+ %"*"& '*"* ,'*%"+ ,&%''#"+'# '#"*; '#"* 80 %"6'++ (%W) '" ."'**7 M,*' '.' %,"!'%'* ,*,&" *'#"*'/ '%' ,'*%"+ "#+&"% +,*'' '$ (PLTB) ."+'&,+%'* ,*''" 250 ,'6'++ (MW) '.' +'-* 20257
I*&"#/ *,'&' %,&'!''* +,&,#'& ." .*"' "*" ,&'%'* #''- #'+ *,'&' $'* "'+ ,&#"%'* "*%*'* -"!'7 N,'&' "*" ,""%" ,,&'' '.'* '*"* $'* .''+ ,*'"&%'* "#+&"% *+% 500 &" &'- +'*' .'* +,&,#'& ." .*"'7 S''- #'+ '.'* '*"* +,&,#'& ." *''%'* L*.* A&'$ ."%,&!'%'* +'-* 2009 .'* &'* 20137
G''& 278 L'.'* T&"* A*"* L*.* A&'$ D" L,'# P'*+'"
L*.* A&'$ ."'** ,- ,&#'-''* S",,*# $'* ,*"*#+' 1@5 +&"* '*"*/ #,+"' +&"* .'* #;#+'#"* ,'# '*+'" ."."&"%'* ." '+'# +"'* +*' '6'- '+ .'* +,&-* .,*'* 210 % %', ,&+,'*'* 33 %V7
BAB III PENUTUP
&.1
Kesi$2#an
K,#"'* $'* .".''+ ,&.'#'&%'* ,'-'#'* ." '+'# '.''-=
17
S,!'&'- ,*''* ,*,&" '*"* '.''-/ ,*,&" '*"* +,'- '' ."%,*' .'*
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
P,'*%"+ "#+&"% +,*'' '*"* '.''- #'+ ,'*%"+ "#+&"% $'* ,**'%'*
'*"* #,''" #,& ,*,&" *+% ,*-'#"%'* , *,&" "#+&"%7 37
P&#,# +,&,*+%*$' ,*,&" '*"* '.''-/ %'&,*' '.'*$' '*"*7 A*"* ."#,'%'* ,-
,'*'#'* #"*'& '+'-'&" $'* +".'% ,&'+' ." '+'# ,&%''* "7 U.'&' $'* ,"- '*'# '%'* ,*,'* ,*!'." &"*'* .'* ,&,&'% *'"% %, '+'#/ 47 K*,* +'' .'&" ,'*%"+ "#+&"% +,*'' '*"* $'"+ +&"*'*"* ( wind turbine) $'* ." .''*$' +,&.''+ %*,*;%*,* #,,&+" ane$o$eter5 )a(es5 )ra!e5 6ontroer5 gear )o75 generator5 %ig%*s2ee( s%a,t5 o8*s2ee( s%a,t5 na6ee5 2it6%5 rotor5 to8er5 8in( (ire6tion5 8in( vane5 9a8 (rive5 9a8 $otor5 (an 2,*$"'* ,*,&" (battery)
57
'&' %,&!' .'&" ,'*%"+'* "#+&"% +,*'' '*"* "*" $'"+ '6'*$' ,*,&" '*"* ,+'& +&"* '*"*7 T&"* '*"* ,%,&!' ,&%,'"%'* .,*'* %"'#7 K,."'* '*"* '%'* ,+'& #.+ +&"*/ ' ."+,&#%'* *+% ,+'& &+& '.' ,*,&'+& ." '"'* ,'%'* +&"* '*"*7 G,*,&'+& "*"'- $'* '%'* ,*-'#"%'* ,*,&" "#+&"%7
7
K,*+*'* +'' .'&" ,**''* ,'*%"+ "#+&"% +,*'' '.''- #"<'+*$' $'* +,&'&%'*7 N'* #,'"* %,,"-'* $'* '.'/ ,'*%"+ "*" !' ,""%" %,%&'*'*/
'*+'&' '"* ,'+ ,"- &% .''% :"#'/ ,*$,'%'* .,&' #'&'/ ,,&'' '#'',%"/ .'* %,"*.'-'*7
&."
Saran
S'&'* $'* .''+ .",&"%'* +,&-'.' ,'-#'* "*" '.''- ''& #,& ,*,&" '*"* .''+ ,"- ."'*<''+%'* '" #,-"*' %&"#"# ,*,&" "#+&"% .''+ ."%&'*" ." I*.*,#"'7
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
-++='<&"?'$'*'7#+7200912,'*%"+;"#+&"%;+,*'';'*"*7-+ 6667"*.,*,&"720120,*-'#"%'*;"#+&"%;.'&";+&"* ;'*"*7-+
6667"*.,*,&"720120,*,+'-'*;.'#'&;,*,*'";+&"*;'*"*7-+
-++=6667"*.,*,&"720120@!,*"#;!,*"#;+&"*;'*"*7-+
-++=6667%"*"&'*"*7"*<+';&7- -++=$,<&"-'*76&.&,##720100512,'*%"+;"#+&"%;+,*'';'*"*'$;+ -++=6667'*+'&'*,6#7,&"+'384332!,'*;'!'%;"*.*,#"';'.#";,*,'*'*; %+';"*+'& 6667&,,*,',7&7 P,'*%"+ L"#+&"% T,*'' A*"*= (+,&!,'-'*)/ ."'%#,# 1 A&" 2014 ,'" 6667:,.''*77 -++=#"%'#'+'+'7#+7201304,'*%"+;"#+&"%;+,*'';'*"*;.'*7-+