KERUSAKAN HUTAN D I S U S U N OLEH: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. POLITEKNIK NEGERI LHOKSEUMAW LHOKSEUMAWE E
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syuku k!"#$i#% A&&#" SWT #%#s s!'#&# &i()#"#* R#"(#%+ T#u,ik $#* Hi$#y#"Ny# S!"i*''# k#(i $#)#% (!*y!&!s#ik#* )!*yusu*#* M#k#&#" i*i $!*'#* s#*'#% s!$!"#*#. K!us#k#* "u%#* (!u)#k#* s!su#%u y#*' s#*'#% -!$#()#k -uuk -#'i k!"i$u)#* (#*usi# (#u)u* (#k"&uk "i$u) &#i**y# s!"i*''# ki%# s!(u# )!&u (!*j#'#*y# $!*'#* s!-#ik-#ik*y# #'# "u%#* ki%# %!%#) %!j#'# k/*$isi*y#+ #$#)u* %uju#* $#i )!*u&is#* (#k#&#" i*i u*%uk &!-i" (!(#"#(i &#'i -#'#i(#*# 0## (!*j#'# "u%#* #'# %!%#) -#ik $#i #*0#(#* #)#)u*. !s# "##)#* k#(i ki%# s!(u# (!*0i*%#i "u%#* y#*' %!&#" $i-!ik#* k!)#$# ki%# /&!" s#*' )!*0i)%# $#* (!*j#'#*y# $!*'#* -#ik K#(i ju'# (!*'u0#)k#* %!i(# k#si" k!)#$# )i"#k)i"#k y#*' %!&#" -#*y#k (!(-!ik#* $uku*'#* k!)#$# k#(i s!(u# $#* k#(i si#) (!*!i(# ki%ik $#* s##* #)#-i&# %!j#$i k!s#&#"#* $#&#( )!*u&is#* i*i..
Wassalam
DATAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR DAFTAR ISI BAB I PENDAHULUAN
A. LATAR ELAKANG . TUUAN . RUMUSAN MASALAH D. MAMAAT PENULISAN BAB II ISI
A. HAKEKAT HUTAN . PERAN HUTAN TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN . AKTORAKTOR PENEA KERUSAKAN HUTAN D. DAMPAK KERUSAKAN HUTAN E. UPAA PELESTARIAN HUTAN BAB III KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
A. KESIMPULAN . SARAN
A I PENDAHULUAN A. LATAR ELAKANG Hu%#* (!u)#k#* su(-! $#y# #&#( y#*' %i$#k %!*i&#i k#!*# $i $#&#(*y# %!k#*$u*' k!#*!k##'#(#* "#y#%i+ Su(-! "#si& "u%#* k#yu+ $#* */* k#yu+ )!*'#%u %#%# #i+ )!*0!'#" -#*ji $#* !/si s!%# k!su-u#* %#*#"+ )!&i*$u*'#* #&#( "#y#%i u*%uk k!)!*%i*'#* i&(u )!*'!%#"u#*+ k!-u$#y##* !k!#si+ )##6is#%# $#* s!-#'#i*y#.
S!ii*' $!*'#* -!j#&#**y# 6#k%u $#* %i*'k#% k!-u%u"#* #k#* k#yu s!(#ki* (!*i*'k#%+ (!*$//*' (#sy##k#% -#ik s!0## i*$i7i$u (#u)u* k!&/()/k (!&#kuk#* !ks)&/i%#si "#si& "u%#* $!*'#* %i$#k (!()!"#%ik#* k!&!s%#i#**y#. Eks)&/i%#si "#si& "u%#* %!s!-u% -i#s#*y# $i&#kuk#* s!0## i&!'#& s!)!%i (!&#kuk#* )!(-#&#k#* &i#+ )!#(-#"#*+ )!*0ui#* y#*' (!*'#ki-#%k#* k!us#k#* "u%#* $i I*$/*!si# y#*' %i$#k %!k!*$#&i. Aki-#%*y#+ k!us#k#* "u%#* #%#u &i*'ku*'#* %#k %!k!*$#&i %!s!-u% (!*'#ki-#%k#* &u#s "u%#* s!(#ki* (!*uu*+ &#"#* ki%is s!(#ki* -!%#(-#"+ $#* s!i*' %!j#$i -!*0#*# #&#( s!)!%i -#*ji+ %#*#" &/*'s/+ $#* &#i* s!-#'#i*y#. K!us#k#* "u%#* $i I*$/*!si# %i$#k "#*y# %!j#$i )#$# "u%#* #&#( %!%#)i ju'# %!&#" %!j#$i )#$# "u%#* &i*$u*'. P#$#"#&+ "u%#* &i*$u*' (!(i&iki ,u*'si y#*' s)!si,ik %!u%#(# -!k#i%#* $!*'#* k!%!s!$i##* #i. Ai (!u)#k#* su(-! k!"i$u)#* y#*' s#*'#% )!*%i*' %!"#$#) k!-!&#*ju%#* k!"i$u)#* -#'i s!(u# (#"&uk "i$u). H#& i*i s!)!%i %!&#" %!%u#*' $#&#( U*$#*' u*$#*' N/(/ 41 T#"u* 1888 %!*%#*' K!%!*%u#* P/k/k K!"u%#*#* y#*' (!*j!&#sk#* -#"6# "u%#* &i*$u*' (!u)#k#* k#6#s#* "u%#* k#!*# k!#$##* si,#% #&#(*y# $i)!u*%ukk#* 'u*# )!*'#%u#* %#%# #i+ )!*0!'#"#* -#*ji $#* !/si s!%# )!(!&i"###* k!su-u#* %#*#". O&!" k#!*# i%u+ "u%#* &i*$u*' )!&u )!"#%i#* y#*' s!ius $#i s!(u# )i"#k #'# k!&!s%#i#**y# %!%#) %!j#(i*. K!us#k#* "u%#* y#*' %!us %!j#$i %!&#" (!*'#ki-#%k#* (#&#)!%#k# $#* -!*0#*# y#*' (!*!&#* k/-#* "#%# $#* ji6# y#*' %i$#k s!$iki%+ s!)!%i (usi-#" k!-#k##* $#* k!k!i*'#* )#$# (usi( k!(##u+ -#*ji $#* %#*#" &/*'s/ )#$# (usi( "uj#* $#* &#i* s!-#'#i*y#. H#& i*i %!*%u (!u)#k#* %#*%#*'#* -#'i s!(u# )i"#k u*%uk (!*0#i #k# )!(#s#&#"#* $#* s/&usi )!(!0#"#**y#. B. TUUAN
A'# &!-i" (!(#"#(i $#* (!*'!%#"ui #ki-#% $#* $#()#k %!"#$#) "u%#* #)#-i&# ki%# %i$#k (!*j#'# "u%#* $#* (!&!s%#ik#* "u%#* s!0## -#ik. C. RUMUSAN MASALAH 1. S!-!#)# )!*%i*'k#" Hu%#* %!"#$#) Li*'ku*'#* 2. #k%/ #)#k#" s!"i*''# "u%#* -is# us#k 3. A)# s#j# y#*' #k#* %!j#$i #)#-i&# %i$#k (!&!s%#ik#* Hu%#* 4. A)# y#*' "#us ki%# &#kuk#* u*%uk (!&!s%#ik#* Hu%#* D. MAMAAT PENULISAN H#si& $#i P!*u&is#* i*i $i"##)k#* $#)#% (!(-!ik#* (#*,##% k!)#$# s!(u# )i"#k y#*' (!(-#0# u(u(*y# k!)#$# k#(i u*%uk (!*#(-#" 6#6#s#* $#* -is# (!*j#'# "u%#* ju'# (!&!s%#ik#**y# u*%uk (#s# $!)#*.
A II ISI
A.
.
H#k!k#% Hu%#* P#$# !ksis%!*si*y# "u%#* (!u)#k#* su-!k/sis%!( '&/-#& y#*' (!*!*)#%i )/sisi )!*%i*' s!-#'#i )#u)#u $u*i# 9#i*+ 188;<. S!*#$# $!*'#* i%u+ R#$/* 92==8< (!*j!&#sk#* "u%#* #$#&#" s!-u#" k#6#s#* y#*' $i%u(-u"i $!*'#* &!-#% /&!" )!)/"/*#* $#* %u(-u"#* &#i**y#. K#6#s#*k#6#s#* s!(#0#( i*i %!$#)#% $i 6i&#y#"6i&#y#" y#*' &u#s $i $u*i# $#* -!,u*'si s!-#'#i )!*#()u*' k#-/* $i/ksi$#+ "#-i%#% "!6#*+ s!%# )!&!s%#i %#*#"+ $#* (!u)#k#* s#&#" s#%u #s)!k -i/s,!# u(i y#*' )#&i*' )!*%i*'. D#i u#i#* $i #%#s j!&#s&#" -#"6# "u%#* (!u)#k#* -!*%uk k!"i$u)#* y#*' %!s!-# $i s!&uu" $u*i#. Ki%# $#)#% (!*!(uk#* "u%#* -#ik $i $#!#" %/)is (#u)u* $#!#" -!ik&i( $i*'i*+ $i $#%##* !*$#" (#u)u* $i )!'u*u*'#*+ $i )u&#u k!0i& (#u)u* $i -!*u# -!s#. O#*' #6#( (u*'ki* (!(#*$#*' "u%#* s!-#'#i s!ku()u&#* )/"/* k!"ij#u#* $!*'#* -!#*!k# j!*is s#%6# $#* %u(-u"#* &i# y#*' %!k!s#* '!&#)+ %#k -!#%u#*+ $#* j#u" $#i )us#% )!#$#-#* $#* -#"k#* (!*'#*''#)*y# s!-#'#i s!su#%u y#*' (!*#ku%k#*. N#(u*+ jik# ki%# (!*'iku%i )!*'!%i#* "u%#* s!0## k/*s!)si/*#& yui$is $iu(usk#* $i $#&#( P#s#& 1 Ay#% 91< U*$#*'u*$#*' N/(/ 41 T#"u* 1888 %!*%#*' K!"u%#*#*. M!*uu% U*$#*'u*$#*' %!s!-u%+ "u%#* #$#&#" su#%u k!s#%u#* !k/sis%!( -!u)# "#()##* &#"#* -!isi su(-! $#y# #&#( "#y#%i y#*' $i$/(i*#si )!)/"/*#* $#&#( )!s!ku%u#* #&#( &i*'ku*'#*+ y#*' s#%u $!*'#* y#*' &#i**y# %i$#k $#)#% $i)is#"k#*. S!&#i* i%u+ jik# $ik#ji $#i sisi i&(u k!"u%#*#*+ "u%#* (!u)#k#* su#%u ku()u&#* %!%u(-u"#*+ %!u%#(# )!)/"/*#* #%#u %u(-u"#* -!k#yu &#i*+ y#*' (!*!()#%i $#!#" y#*' 0uku) &u#s. P/"/* s!*$ii #$#&#" %u(-u"#* 0uku) %i*''i $!*'#* (#s# "i$u) -!%#"u*%#"u*. #$i+ %!*%u -!-!$# $!*'#* s#yus#yu#* #%#u )#$i)#$i#* y#*' "i$u) s!(usi( s#j#. P/"/* ju'# -!-!$# k#!*# s!0## (!*0/&/k (!(i&iki s!-#%#*' )/k/k %!'#k -!k#yu y#*' 0uku) )#*j#*' $#* -!*%uk %#juk 9(#"k/%# $#u*< y#*' j!&#s. Su#%u ku()u&#* )!)/"/*#* $i#*''#) "u%#* jik# (#()u (!*0i)%#k#* ik&i( $#* k/*$isi &i*'ku*'#* y#*' k"#s s!%!()#%+ y#*' -!-!$# $#i)#$# $#!#" $i &u#*y#. P!#* Hu%#* T!"#$#) Li*'ku*'#* Hu%#* -uk#*&#" 6#is#* *!*!k (/y#*'+ %!%#)i )i*j#(#* #*#k 0u0u ki%# y#*' "#us $i&!s%#ik#*. ik# %!j#$i -!*0#*#+ (#k# $i)#s%ik#* -i#y# )!*'!(-#&i#**y# j#u" &!-i" -!s# k!%i(-#*' (!&#kuk#* )!*0!'#"#* s!0## $i*i. !'i%u )!*%i*'*y# ,u*'si "u%#* s!"i*''# )#$# 21 #*u#i 2==4 P!si$!* M!'#6#%i (!#s# )!&u (!*0#*#*'k#* G!#k#* N#si/*#& R!"#-i&i%#si Hu%#* $#* L#"#* 9GNRHL< y#i%u '!#k#* (/#& y#*' (!&i-#%k#* s!(u# k/()/*!* (#sy##k#% -#*'s# u*%uk (!()!-#iki k/*$isi "u%#* $#* &#"#* ki%is. D!*'#* "##)#*+ #'# &#"#* ki%is i%u $#)#% -!,u*'si /)%i(#&+ y#*' ju'# )#$# 'i&i#**y# -!(#*,##% -#'i (#sy##k#% s!*$ii. Tuju#* (!&i-#%k#* k/()/*!* (#sy##k#%+ %!*%u s#j# #'# (!!k# (!*y#$#i -#"6# "u%#* $#* &i*'ku*'#* i%u s#*'#% )!*%i*' $ij#'# k!&!s%#i#**y#. Hu%#* (!(i&iki ,u*'si y#*' )!*%i*' -#'i k!"i$u)#* (#*usi# $i#*%##*y# s!-#'#i -!iku%.
1)
Pelestarian Plasma Nutfah
P&#s(# *u%,#" (!u)#k#* -#"#* -#ku y#*' )!*%i*' u*%uk )!(-#*'u*#* $i (#s# $!)#*+ %!u%#(# $i -i$#*' )#*'#*+ s#*$#*'+ )#)#*+ /-#%/-#%#* $#* i*$us%i. P!*'u#s##**y# (!u)#k#* k!u*%u*'#* k/()##%i, y#*' -!s# -#'i I*$/*!si# $i (#s# $!)#*. O&!" k#!*# i%u+ )&#s(# *u%,#" )!&u %!us $i&!s%#ik#* $#* $ik!(-#*'k#* -!s#(# u*%uk (!()!%#"#*k#* k!#*!k##'#(#* "#y#%i. 2)
Penahan dan Penyaring
P#%ik!& )#$#% $#i u$## #&#(i y#*' -!si" s!i*' $ik/%/i /&!" $!-u+ -#ik y#*' $i"#si&k#* /&!" k!'i#%#* #&#(i (#u)u* k!'i#%#* (#*usi#. D!*'#* #$#*y# "u%#*+ )#%ik!& )#$#% y#*' %!sus)!*si )#$# &#)is#* -i/s,! -u(i #k#* $#)#% $i-!si"k#* /&!" %#juk )/"/* (!&#&ui )/s!s j!#)#* $#* s!#)#*. P#%ik!& y#*' (!&#y#*'&#y#*' $i )!(uk##* -u(i s!-#'i#* #k#* %!j!#) )#$# )!(uk##* $#u*+ k"usus*y# $#u* y#*' -!-u&u $#* y#*' (!()u*y#i )!(uk##* y#*' k#s# $#* s!-#'i#* &#'i %!s!#) (#suk k! $#&#( u#*' s%/(#%# $#u*. A$# ju'# )#%ik!& y#*' (!*!()!& )#$# ku&i% )/"/*+ 0#-#*' $#* #*%i*'. D!*'#* $!(iki#* "u%#* (!*y#i*' u$## (!*j#$i &!-i" -!si" $#* s!"#%.
3)
Penyerap Partikel Timbal dan Debu Semen
K!*$###* -!(/%/ (!u)#k#* su(-! u%#(# %i(-#& y#*' (!*0!(#i u$## $i $#!#" )!k/%##*. Di)!ki#k#* s!ki%# ;=>= ? $#i )#%ik!& %i(-#& $i u$## )!k/%##* -!#s#& $#i k!*$###* -!(/%/. Hu%#* $!*'#* k#*!k##'#(#* %u(-u"#* y#*' %!k#*$u*' $i $#&#(*y# (!()u*y#i k!(#()u#* (!*uu*k#* k#*$u*'#* %i(-#& $#i u$##. D!-u s!(!* (!u)#k#* $!-u y#*' s#*'#% -!-#"#y# -#'i k!s!"#%#*+ k#!*# $#)#% (!*'#ki-#%k#* )!*y#ki% s!(!*%/sis. 4)
O&!" k#!*# i%u $!-u s!(!* y#*' %!$#)#% $i u$## -!-#s "#us $i%uu*k#* k#$#*y#. Peredam Kebisingan P/"/* $#)#% (!!$#( su## $#* (!*y!#) k!-isi*'#* s#()#i 85? $!*'#* 0## (!*'#-s/)si '!&/(-#*' su## /&!" $#u*+ 0#-#*' $#* #*%i*'. !*is %u(-u"#* y#*' )#&i*' !,!k%i, u*%uk (!!$#( su## i#&#" y#*' (!()u*y#i %#juk y#*' %!-#& $!*'#* $#u* y#*' i*$#*'. !-#'#i j!*is %#*#(#* $!*'#* -!-#'#i s%#%# y#*' 0uku) #)#% $#* %i*''i #k#* $#)#% (!*'u#*'i k!-isi*'#*+ k"usus*y# $#i k!-isi*'#* y#*' su(-!*y# -!#s#& $#i -#6#".
5)
engurangi !ahaya "u#an $sam P/"/* $#)#% (!(-#*%u $#&#( (!*'#%#si $#()#k *!'#%i, "uj#* #s#( (!&#&ui )/s!s ,isi/&/'is %#*#(#* y#*' $is!-u% )/s!s 'u%#si. P/s!s 'u%#si #k#* (!(-!ik#* -!-!#)# u*su $i#*%##*y# i#&#" : #+ N#+ M'+ K $#* -#"#* /'#*ik s!)!%i '&u(#%i* $#* 'u&#. #"#* #* /'#*ik y#*' $i%uu*k#* k! &#*%#i "u%#* $#i %#juk (!&#&ui )/s!s %"/u'" ,#&& $!*'#* uu%#* K@#@ M'@N# -#ik u*%uk %#juk $#i %!'#k#* $#u* &!-# (#u)u* $#i $#u* j#u(. Huj#* y#*' (!*'#*$u*' H2SO4 #%#u HNO3 #)#-i&# %i-# $i )!(uk##* $#u* #k#* (!*'#&#(i !#ksi. P#$# s##% )!(uk##* $#u* (u&#i $i-#s#"i+ (#k# #s#( s!)!%i H2SO4 #k#* -!!#ksi $!*'#* # y#*' %!$#)#% )#$# $#u* (!(-!*%uk '##( #SO4 y#*' -!si,#% *!%#&. D!*'#* $!(iki#* #$#*y# )/s!s i*%!s!)si $#* 'u%#si /&!" )!(uk##* $#u* #k#* s#*'#% (!(-#*%u $#&#( (!*#ikk#* )H+ s!"i*''# #i "uj#* (!*j#$i %i$#k -!'i%u -!-#"#y# &#'i -#'i &i*'ku*'#*. )H #i "uj#* y#*' %!&#" (!&!6#%i %#juk )/"/* &!-i" %i*''i+ jik# $i-#*$i*'k#* $!*'#* )H #i "uj#* y#*' %i$#k (!&!6#%i %#juk )/"/*. %) Penyerap Karb&n'm&n&ksida Mik/ /'#*is(! s!%# %#*#" )#$# &#*%#i "u%#* (!()u*y#i )!#*#* y#*' -#ik $#&#( (!*y!#) '#s. T#*#" $!*'#* (ik//'#*is(!*y# $#)#% (!*y!#) '#s i*i $#i u$## y#*' s!(u&# k/*s!*%#si*y# s!-!s# 12= ))( 913+ B 1=4 u'C(3< (!*j#$i "#()i (!*$!k#%i */& "#*y# $#&#( 6#k%u 3 j#( s#j#. () Penyerap Karb&n'di&ksida dan Penghasil ksigen Hu%#* (!u)#k#* )!*y!#) '#s O2 y#*' 0uku) )!*%i*'+ s!&#i* $#i ,i%/)&#*k%/*+ '#*''#*' $#* u()u% &#u% $i s#(u$!#. #"#y# (#%#"#i #k#* $i(#*,##%k#* /&!" s!(u# %u(-u"#* -#ik $i "u%#* k/%#+ "u%#* #&#(i+ %#*#(#* )!%#*i#* $#* &#i**y# $#&#( )/s!s ,/%/si*%!sis y#*' -!,u*'si u*%uk (!*'u-#" '#s O2 $#* #i (!*j#$i k#-/"i$#% $#* /ksi'!*. D!*'#* $!(iki#* )/s!s i*i s#*'#% -!(#*,##% -#'i (#*usi#+ k#!*# $#)#% (!*y!#) '#s y#*' -i&# k/*s!*%#si*y# (!*i*'k#% #k#* -!#0u* -#'i (#*usi# $#* "!6#* s!%# #k#* (!*'#ki-#%k#* !,!k u(#" k#0#. Di &#i* )i"#k )/s!s i*i (!*'"#si&k#* '#s /ksi'!* y#*' s#*'#% $i)!&uk#* /&!" (#*usi# $#* "!6#*. *) Penahan $ngin A*'i* k!*0#*' $#)#% $iku#*'i >5=? /&!" su#%u )!*#"#* #*'i* y#*' -!u)# "u%#* k/%#. +) Penyerap dan Penapis !au D#!#" y#*' (!u)#k#* %!()#% )!*i(-u*#* s#()#" s!(!*%## #%#u )!(#*!* (!()u*y#i -#u y#*' %i$#k s!$#). T#*#(#* $#)#% (!*y!#) -#u s!0## &#*'su*'+ #%#u %#*#(#* #k#* (!*#"#* '!#k#* #*'i* y#*' -!'!#k $#i su(-! -#u. 1,) engatasi Penggenangan D#!#" -#6#" y#*' s!i*' $i'!*#*'i #i )!&u $i%#*#(i $!*'#* j!*is %#*#(#* y#*' (!()u*y#i k!(#()u#* !7#)/%#*s)i#si y#*' %i*''i. !*is %#*#(#* y#*' (!(!*u"i ki%!i# i*i #$#&#" %#*#(#* y#*' (!()u*y#i ju(&#" $#u* y#*' -#*y#k+ s!"i*''# (!()u*y#i s%/(#%# y#*' -#*y#k )u&#. 11) engatasi -ntrusi $ir .aut dan $brasi K/%#k/%# y#*' %!&!%#k $i %!)i )#*%#i s!)!%i DKI #k#%# )#$# -!-!#)# %#"u* %!#k"i i*i $i"#*%ui /&!" i*%usi #i &#u%. P!(i&i"#* j!*is %#*#(#* $#&#( )!(-#*'u*#* "u%#* k/%# )#$# k/%# y#*' (!()u*y#i (#s#&#" i*%usi #i &#u% "#us -!%u&-!%u& $i)!"#%ik#*. U)#y# u*%uk (!*'#%#si (#s#&#" i*i y#k*i (!(-#*'u* "u%#* &i*$u*' k/%# )#$# $#!#" !s#)#* #i $!*'#* %#*#(#* y#*' (!()u*y#i $#y# !7#)/%#*s)i#si y#*' !*$#". Hu%#* -!u)# ,/(#si "u%#* (#*'/7! $#)#% -!k!j# (!!$#( '!()u#* /(-#k $#* $#)#% (!(-#*%u )/s!s )!*'!*$#)#*
&u()u $i )#*%#i. D!*'#* $!(iki#* "u%#* s!&#i* $#)#% (!*'u#*'i -#"#y# #-#si )#*%#i+ ju'# $#)#% -!)!#* $#&#( )/s!s )!(-!*%uk#* $##%#*. 12) Pr&duksi Terbatas Hu%#* (!(i&iki ,u*'si i*%#*'i-&! ju'# %#*'i-&!. S!-#'#i 0/*%/"+ )/"/* (#"/*i $i "u%#* k/%# Suk#-u(i s!-#*y#k 48= )/"/* %!&#" $i&!&#*' $!*'#* "#'# R). >4 ju%#. P!*#*#(#* $!*'#* %#*#(#* y#*' (!*'"#si&k#* -iji #%#u -u#" y#*' $#)#% $i)!'u*#k#* u*%uk -!-#'#i (#0#( k!)!&u#* 6#'# (#sy##k#% $#)#% (!*i*'k#%k#* %##, ' ii $#* )!*'"#si&#* (#sy##k#%. 13) $meli&rasi -klim S#&#" s#%u (#s#&#" )!*%i*' y#*' 0uku) (!is#uk#* )!*$u$uk )!k/%##* #$#&#" -!ku#*'*y# #s# k!*y#(#*#* s!-#'#i #ki-#% (!*i*'k#%*y# su"u u$## $i )!k/%##*. Hu%#* k/%# $#)#% $i-#*'u* u*%uk (!*'!&/&# &i*'ku*'#* )!k/%##* #'# )#$# s##% si#*' "#i %i$#k %!&#&u )#*#s+ s!-#'#i #ki-#% -#*y#k*y# j#&#* #s)#&+ '!$u*' -!%i*'k#%+ j!(-#%#* &#y#*'+ )#)#* !k&#(!+ (!*##+ #*%!*! )!(#*0# #$i/+ %!&!7isi $#* &#i*&#i*. s!-#&ik*y# )#$# (#&#( "#i $#)#% &!-i" "#*'#% k#!*# %#juk )!)/"/*#* $#)#% (!*#"#* #$i#si -#&ik 9!#$i#si< $#i -u(i. 14) Pelestarian $ir Tanah Sis%!( )!#k##* %#*#(#* $#* s!#s#" y#*' -!u-#" (!*j#$i "u(us #k#* (!()!-!s# ju(&#" )/i %#*#". K#!*# "u(us -!si,#% &!-i" "i'/sk/)is $!*'#* k!(#()u#* (!*y!#) #i y#*' -!s# (#k# k#$# #i %#*#" "u%#* #k#* (!*i*'k#%. ik# "uj#* &!-#% %!j#$i+ (#k# #i "uj#* #k#* %uu* (#suk (!!s#) k! &#)is#* %#*#" y#*' &!-i" $#&#( (!*j#$i #i i*,i&%#si $#* #i %#*#" $#* "#*y# s!$iki% y#*' (!*j#$i #i &i()#s#*. D!*'#* $!(iki#* )!&!s%#i#* "u%#* )#$# $#!#" !s#)#* #i $#i k/%# y#*' -!s#*'ku%#* #k#* $#)#% (!(-#*%u (!*'#%#si (#s#&#" #i $!*'#* ku#&i%#s y#*' -#ik. 15) Penapis /ahaya Silau M#*usi# s!i*' $ik!&i&i*'i /&!" -!*$#-!*$# y#*' $#)#% (!(#*%u&k#* 0#"#y# s!)!%i k#0#+ #&u(i*iu(+ -#j#+ -!%/* $#* #i. A)#-i&# )!(uk##* y#*' "#&us $#i -!*$#-!*$# %!s!-u% (!(#*%u&k#* 0#"#y# #k#* %!#s# s#*'#% (!*yi&#uk#* $#i ##" $!)#*+ #k#* (!*'u#*'i $#y# )#*$#*' )!*'!*$##. K!!,!k%i,#* )/"/* $#&#( (!!$#( $#* (!&u*#kk#* 0#"#y# %!s!-u% -!'#*%u*' )#$# uku#* $#* k!#)#%#**y#. 1%) engurangi Stress0 eningkatkan Pariisata dan Peninta $lam K!"i$u)#* (#sy##k#% $i &i*'ku*'#* "i$u) k/%# (!()u*y#i k!(u*'ki*#* y#*' s#*'#% %i*''i u*%uk %!0!(#+ -#ik /&!" k!*$###* -!(/%/ (#u)u* i*$us%i. P!%u'#s &#&u &i*%#s s!i*' -!%i*$#k '#&#k s!%# )!*'!(u$i $#* )!(#k#i j#&#* &#i**y# s!i*' (!()u*y#i %!()!#(!* y#*' %i*''i $i#ki-#%k#* /&!" 0!(##* %i(-#& $#* k#-/*(/*/ksi$#. O&!" s!-#- i%u '!j#&# s%!ss 9%!k#*#* )sik/&/'is< $#* %i*$#k#* u'#&u'#&#* s#*'#% (u$#" $i%!(uk#* )#$# #*''/%# (#sy##k#% y#*' %i*''#& $#* -!us#"# $i k/%# #%#u (!!k# y#*' "#*y# -!k!j# u*%uk (!(!*u"i k!)!&u#**y# s#j# $i k/%#. Hu%#* k/%# ju'# $#)#% (!*'u#*'i #s# k!k#ku#*. .
1<
Faktor-Faktor Pe!e"a" Ker#saka H#ta K!us#k#* "u%#* $i)i0u /&!" %i*''i*y# )!(i*%##* )#s# $u*i# %!"#$#) k#yu+ (!&u#s*y# k/*7!si "u%#* (!*j#$i )!k!-u*#* s#6i%+ k/u)si $#* %i$#k #$# )!*'#ku#* %!"#$#) "#k #ky#% $#&#( )!*'!&/&##* "u%#*. K!us#k#* "u%#* -!$#()#k *!'#%i, $#* $#* )/si%i,. A$#)u* ,#k%/,#k%/ y#*' (!*y!-#-k#* k!us#k#* "u%#* #*%## &#i* : K!-#k##* Hu%#* P!*y!-#- k!-#k##* "u%#* s#()#i s##% i*i (#si" (!*j#$i %/)ik )!$!-#%#*+ #)#k#" k#!*# #&#(i #%#u k#!*# k!'i#%#* (#*usi#. N#(u* -!$#s#k#* -!-!#)# "#si& )!*!&i%i#* (!*u*jukk#* -#"6# )!*y!-#- u%#(# k!-#k##* "u%#* #$#&#" ,#k%/ (#*usi# y#*' -!#6#& $#i k!'i#%#* #%#u )!(#s#&#"#* s!-#'#i -!iku%: Sis%!( )!&#$#*'#* %#$isi/*#& $#i )!*$u$uk s!%!()#% y#*' -!)i*$#")i*$#". P!&#$#*'#* -!)i*$#" (!u)#k#* u)#y# )!%#*i#* %#$isi/*#& $i k#6#s#* "u%#* $i(#*# )!(-uk##* &#"#**y# s!&#&u $i&#kuk#* $!*'#* 0## )!(-#k##* k#!*# 0!)#%+ (u$s#" $#* )#k%is. N#(u* )!(-uk##* &#"#* u*%uk )!&#$#*'#* %!s!-u% u(u(*y# s#*'#% %!-#%#s $#* %!k!*$#&i k#!*# %!&#" (!*'iku%i #%u#* %uu* %!(uu* 9D/7!+ 18<. P!(-uk##* "u%#* /&!" )## )!(!'#*' H#k P!*'us#"##* Hu%#* 9HPH< u*%uk i*s$us%i k#yu (#u)u* )!k!-u*#* k!&#)# s#6i%. P!(-uk##* "u%#* /&!" )!(!'#*' HPH $#* )!us#"##* )!k!-u*#* u*%uk )!*'!(-#*'#* %#*#(#* i*$us%i $#* )!k!-u*#* u(u(*y# (!*0#ku) #!#& y#*' 0uku) &u#s. M!%/$# )!(-uk##* &#"#* $!*'#* 0## %!-#*' "#-is $#* )!(-#k##* (!u)#k#* #&%!*#%i, )!(-uk##* &#"#* y#*' )#&i*' (u#"+ (u$#" $#* 0!)#%. N#(u* (!%/$# i*i s!i*' -!#ki-#% k!-#k##* %i$#k "#*y# %!-#%#s )#$# #!#& y#*' $isi#)k#* u*%uk )!*'!(-#*'#* %#*#(#* i*$us%i #%#u )!k!-u*#*+ %!%#)i (!&u#s k! "u%#* &i*$u*'+ "u%#* )/$uksi $#* &#"#* &#i**y#. P!*y!-#- s%uk%u#&+ y#i%u k/(-i*#si #*%## k!(iski*#*+ k!-ij#k#* )!(-#*'u*#* $#* %#%# )!(!i*%#"#*+ s!"i*''# (!*i(-u&k#* k/*,&ik #*%# "uku( #$#% $#* "uku( )/si%i, *!'##.
P!*y!-#- s%uk%u#&+ u(u(*y# -!#6#& $#i su#%u k/*,&ik #*%## )## )!(i&ik (/$#& i*$us%i )!k#yu#* (#u)u* )!%#(-#*'#*+ $!*'#* )!*$u$uk #s&i y#*' (!#s# k!)!(i&ik#* %#$isi/*#& 9#$#%< (!!k# #%#s &#"#*+ "u%#* $#* %#*#" $iku#s#i /&!" )## i*7!s%/ y#*' $i-!i )!*'!s#"#* (!&#&ui "uku( )/si%i, *!'##. Aki-#%*y# k!k!s#&#* (#sy##k#% $i&#()i#sk#* $!*'#* (!&#kuk#* )!(-#k##* $!(i (!()!%#"#*k#* &#"#* y#*' %!&#" (!!k# (i&iki s!0## %uu* %!(uu*. Disi*i k!(iski*#* $#* k!%i$#k #$i&#* (!*j#$i )!(i0u k!-#k##* "u%#* $#* (#sy##k#% %i$#k #k#* (#u -!)#%isi)#si u*%uk (!(#$#(k#**y#. 2< P!*!-#*'#* "u%#* s!0## s!(-##*'#*. M!*!-#*' "u%#* s!(-##*'#* #k#* (!*y!-#-k#* "u%#* (!*j#$i 'u*$u&. Di%#(-#" &#'i #k"i#k"i i*i )!*!-#*'#* "u%#* &i# s!(#ki* (##k %!j#$i. 3< P!*!'#k#* Huku( y#*' L!(#" M!*%!i K!"u%#*#* R!)u-&ik I*$/*!si# M.S.K#-#* SE.MSi (!*y!-u%k#* -#"6# &!(#"*y# )!*!'#k#* "uku( $i I*$/*!si# %!&#" %uu% (!()!)##" k!us#k#* "u%#* I*$/*!si#. M!*uu% K#-#' )!*!'#k#* "uku( -#u&#" (!*j#*'k#u )## )!&#ku $i &#)#*'#* s#j#. i#s#*y# (!!k# "#*y# /#*'/#*' u)#"#* y#*' -!k!j# u*%uk (!*0uku)i k!-u%u"#* "i$u) (!!k# s!"#i"#i*y#. M!!k# "#*y#&#" suu"#* $#* -uk#* /#*' y#*' )#&i*' -!%#*''u*'j#6#-. O#*' y#*' (!*yuu" (!!k# $#* )#&i*' -!%#*''u*'j#6#- s!i*' -!&u( $is!*%u" "uku(. M!!k# -i#s#*y# (!()u*y#i (/$#& y#*' -!s# $#* (!(i&iki j#i*'#* k!)#$# )!*'u#s#. K!j#"#%#* s!)!%i i*i s!i*' ju'# (!&i-#%k#* #)##% )!(!i*%#"#* y#*' -!6!*#*' $#* s!"#us*y# (!*j#$i -!*%!*' )!%#"#*#* u*%uk (!*j#'# k!&!s%#i#* "u%#* s!)!%i )/&isi k!"u%#*#* $#* $i*#s k!"u%#*#*. K!#$##* i*i s!i*' (!*i(-u&k#* %i$#k #$#*y# k//$i*#si y#*' (#ksi(#& -#ik $i#*%## k!)/&isi#*+ k!j#ks##* $#* )!*'#$i&#* s!"i*''# -#*y#k k#sus y#*' %i$#k $#)#% $iu*'k#) $#* )!*!'#k#* "uku( (!*j#$i s#*'#% &!(#". 4< M!*%#&i%#s M#*usi#. M#*usi# s!i*' (!()/sisik#* $ii*y# s!-#'#i )i"#k y#*' (!(i&iki /%/*/(i u*%uk (!*yusu* -&u! )i*% $#&#( )!!*0#*##* $#* )!*'!&/&##* "u%#*+ -#ik u*%uk k!)!*%i*'#* '!*!#si s!k##*' (#u)u* u*%uk #*#k 0u0u*y#. H#& i*i k!(u*'ki*#* $is!-#-k#* k#!*# (#*usi# s!i*' (!*'#*''#) $ii*y# s!-#'#i 0i)%##* y#*' &!-i" s!()u*# $#i y#*' &#i**y#. P!(iki#* #*%"/)/s!*%is s!)!%i i*i (!*j#$ik#* (#*usi# s!-#'#i )us#%. #"k#* )/sisi s!)!%i i*i s!i*' $i%#,sik#* (!(-!i &is!*si k!)#$# (#*usi# u*%uk (!*'u#s#iF "u%#*. K#!*# (#*usi# (!()/sisik#* $ii*y# s!-#'#i )i"#k y#*' $/(i*#*+ (#k# k!)u%us#* $#* %i*$#k#* y#*' $i&#ks#*#k#*)u* s!i*' &!-i" -#*y#k $i $/(i*#si u*%uk k!)!*%i*'#* (#*usi# $#* s!i*' "#*y# (!(ikik#* k!)!*%i*'#* s!k##*' $#i)#$# (#s# y#*' #k#* $#%#*'. Ak"i*y# "u%#*)u* $i#*''#) "#*y# s!-#'#i su(-! )!*'"#si&#* y#*' $#)#% $i(#*,##%k#* $!*'#* s!suk# "#%i. M#sy##k#% -i#s# (!&#kuk#* )!(-uk##* "u%#* $!*'#* -!)i*$#")i*$#" $!*'#* #&#s#* #k#* $ij#$ik#* s!-#'#i &#"#* )!%#*i#*. K#&#*'#* )!*'us#"# (!*j#$ik#* "u%#* s!-#'#i &#"#* )!k!-u*#* #%#u )!*#(-#*'#* $!*'#* #&#s#* u*%uk )!(-#*'u*#* s!%# (!*#()u*' %!*#'# k!j# y#*' #k#* (!*'u#*'i ju(&#" )!*'#*''u#*. T!%#)i s!(u# i%u $i&#ks#*#k#* $!*'#* 0## )!*'!&/&##* y#*' !B)&/i%#%i7! y#*' #k"i*y# (!*i(-u&k#* k!us#k#* "u%#*. D#&#( s%uk%u -i/k#si )!(!i*%#"#* (!*%#&i%#s $!(iki#* ju'# s!#k#*#k#* %!&#" (!(-u#% #)##% %i$#k s!ius u*%uk (!*!'#kk#* "uku( $#&#( (!*'#%#si k!us#k#* "u%#* -#"k#* %!&i-#% $i $#&#(*y#. D.
Dam$ak Ker#saka H#ta K!us#k#* "u%#* #k#* (!*i(-u&k#* -!-!#)# $#()#k *!'#%i, y#*' -!s# $i -u(i+ $i #*%##*y# : 1< E,!k Ru(#" K#0# 9G!!* "/us! !,,!0%<. Hu%#* (!u)#k#* )#u)#u -u(i y#*' (!()u*y#i ,u*'si (!*'#-s/si '#s /2. !ku#*'*y# "u%#* $#* (!*i*'k#%*y# )!(#k#i#* !*!'i ,/si& 9(i*y#k+ -#%u -##+ $&&< #k#* (!*y!-#-k#* k!*#ik#* '#s /2 $i #%(/s,! y#*' (!*y!&!-u*'i -u(i. G#s i*i (#ki* &#(# #k#* s!(#ki* -#*y#k+ y#*' #k"i*y# (!(-!*%uk s#%u &#)is#* y#*' (!()u*y#i si,#% s!)!%i k#0# y#*' (#()u (!*!usk#* )#*0##* si*# (#%#"#i y#*' -!u)# !*!'i 0#"#y# k! )!(uk##* -u(i+ %!%#)i %i$#k $#)#% $i&!6#%i /&!" )#*0##* !*!'i )#*#s $#i )!(uk##* -u(i. Aki-#%*y# !*!'i )#*#s #k#* $i)#*%u&k#* k!(-#&i k!)!(uk##* -u(i /&!" &#)is#* /2 %!s!-u%+ s!"i*''# %!j#$i )!(#*#s#* $i )!(uk##* -u(i. I*i&#" y#*' $is!-u% !,!k u(#" k#0#. K!#$##* i*i (!*i(-u&k#* k!*#ik#* su"u #%#u )!u-#"#* ik&i( -u(i )#$# u(u(*y#. K#&#u i*i -!&#*'su*' %!us (#k# su"u -u(i #k#* s!(#ki* (!*i*'k#%+ s!"i*''# 'u()#&#* !s $i ku%u- u%## $#* s!&#%#* #k#* (!*0#i. H#& i*i #k"i*y# #k#* -!#ki-#% *#ik*y# )!(uk##* #i &#u%+ s!"i*''# -!-!#)# k/%# $#* 6i&#y#" $i )i*''i )#*%#i #k#* %!-!*#( #i+ s!(!*%## $#!#" y#*' k!i*' k#!*# k!*#ik#* su"u #k#* (!*j#$i s!(#ki* k!i*'. 2< K!us#k#* L#)is#* O/*
L#)is#* O/* 9O3< y#*' (!*y!&i(u%i -u(i -!,u*'si (!*#"#* #$i#si si*# u&%#7i/&!% y#*' -!-#"#y# -#'i k!"i$u)#* $i -u(i. Di %!*'#"%!*'#" k!us#k#* "u%#*+ (!*i*'k#%*y# #% #% ki(i# $i -u(i #k#* $#)#% (!*i(-u&k#* us#k*y# &#)is#* //*. K!us#k#* i%u #k#* (!*i(-u&k#* &u-#*'&u-#*' )#$# &#)is#* //* y#*' (#ki* &#(# $#)#% s!(#ki* -!%#(-#" -!s#. M!&#&ui &u-#*'&u-#*' i%u si*# u&%#7i/&!% #k#* (!*!(-us s#()#i k! -u(i+ s!"i*''# $#)#% (!*y!-#-k#* k#*k! ku&i% $#* k!us#k#* )#$# %#*#(#*%#*#(#* $i -u(i. 3< K!)u*#"#* S)!0i!s Hu%#* $i I*$/*!si# $ik!*#& $!*'#* k!#*!k##'#(#* "#y#%i $i $#&#(*y#. D!*'#* us#k*y# "u%#* su$#" )#s%i k!#*!k##'#(#* i*i %i$#k &#'i $#)#% $i)!%#"#*k#* -#"k#* #k#* (!*'#&#(i k!)u*#"#*. D#&#( )!i*'#%#* H#i K!#'#(#* H#y#%i S!$u*i# $u# %#"u* y#*' &#&u D!)#%!(!* K!"u%#*#* (!*'u(u(k#* -#"6# s!%i#) "#i*y# I*$/*!si# k!"i&#*'#* s#%u s)!0i!s 9)u*#"< $#* k!"i&#*'#* "#()i >=? "#-i%#% #&#(i )#$# s!)u&u" %#"u* %!#k"i i*i. 4< M!u'ik#* K!u#*'#* N!'##. S!-!*#*y# -i&# )!(!i*%#" (#u (!*'!&/&# "u%#* $!*'#* &!-i" -#ik+ juju $#* #$i&+ )!*$#)#%#* $#i s!k%/ k!"u%#*#* s#*'#% -!s#. T!%#)i y#*' %!j#$i #$#&#" s!-#&ik*y#. Mis#&*y# %#"u* 2==3 ju(&#" )/$uksi k#yu -u&#% y#*' &!'#& 9#$# iji**y#< #$#&#" s!-!s# 12 ju%# (3C%#"u*. P#$#"#& k!-u%u"#* k/*su(si k#yu k!s!&uu"#* s!-#*y#k 8 ju%# (3C%#"u*. D#%# i*i (!*u*jukk#* %!$#)#% k!s!*j#*'#* #*%## )#s/k#* $#* )!(i*%##* k#yu -u&#% s!-!s# ; ju%# (3. K!s!*j#*'#* %!#(#% -!s# i*i $i)!*u"i $#i )!*0ui#* k#yu 9i&&!'#& &/'i*'<. D#i )#k%!k %!s!-u% $i)!ki#k#* k!u'i#* y#*' $i#&#(i I*$/*!si# (!*0#)#i R).3= %i&yu*C%#"u*. H#& i*i&#" y#*' (!*y!-#-k#* )!*$#)#%#* s!k%/ k!"u%#*#* $i#*''#) (#si" k!0i& y#*' #k"i*y# (!()!*'#u"i )!*'!(-#*'#* )/'#( )!(!i*%#" u*%uk (#sy##k#% I*$/*!si#. 5< #*ji. D#&#( )!is%i6# -#*ji y#*' s!i*' (!&#*$# I*$/*!si# #k"i#k"i i*i+ $is!-u%k#* -#"6# s#&#" s#%u #k# )!*y!-#-*y# #$#&#" k#!*# us#k*y# "u%#* y#*' -!,u*'si s!-#'#i $#!#" !s#)#* $#* %#*'k#)#* #i 90#%0"(!*% #!#<. Hu%#* y#*' -!,u*'si u*%uk (!*'!*$#&ik#* -#*ji $i 6#k%u (usi( "uj#* $#* (!*j#(i* k!%!s!$i##* #i $i 6#k%u (usi( k!(##u+ #ki-#% k!us#k#* "u%#* (#ki* "#i (#ki* -!ku#*' &u#s*y#. T!()#%%!()#% u*%uk (!!s#)*y# #i "uj#* 9i*,i&%#si< s#*'#% -!ku#*'+ s!"i*''# #i "uj#* y#*' (!*'#&i $i )!(uk##* %#*#" ju(&#"*y# s!(#ki* -!s# $#* (!*'!/si $#!#" y#*' $i&#&ui*y#. Li()#"#**y# #k#* (!*uju k! %!()#% y#*' &!-i" !*$#" s!"i*''# (!*y!-#-k#* -#*ji. !*0#*# -#*ji $#)#% #k#* s!(#ki* -!%#(-#" $#* #k#* -!u&#*' #)#-i&# "u%#* s!(#ki* (!*'#&#(i k!us#k#* y#*' )##". Ti$#k "#*y# #k#* (!*i(-u&k#* k!u'i#* (#%!i+ %!%#)i *y#6# (#*usi# #k#* (!*j#$i %#u"#**y#. #*ji $i #6#%i(u $#* #6# %!*'#" #$#&#" 0/*%/" *y#%#. E.
U$a!a Pelestar%a H#ta P!(!i*%#" I*$/*!si# (!&#&ui k!)u%us#* -!s#(# D!)#%!(!* K!"u%#*#* $#* D!)#%!(!* P!i*$us%i#* $#* P!$#'#*'#* s!j#k %#"u* 2==1 %!&#" (!*'!&u#k#* &##*'#* !ks)/ k#yu -u&#% 9log < $#* -#"#* -#ku s!)i". S!&#i* i%u+ P!(!i*%#" ju'# %!&#" -!k/(i%(!* u*%uk (!&#kuk#* )!(-!#*%#s#* illegal logging $#* ju'# (!&#kuk#* !"#-i&i%#si "u%#* (!&#&ui G!#k#* N#si/*#& R!"#-i&i%#si Hu%#* $#* L#"#* 9GNRHL< y#*' $i"##)k#* $i %#"u* 2== #k#* $i"u%#*k#* k!(-#&i #!#& s!&u#s %i'# ju%# "!k%#. P!(!i*%#" s!-#'#i )!*#*''u*' j#6#- %!"#$#) k!s!j#"%!##* #ky#%*y# (!(i&iki %#*''u*' j#6#- -!s# $#&#( u)#y# (!(ikik#* $#* (!6uju$k#* %!-!*%uk*y# )!&!s%#i#* &i*'ku*'#* "i$u). H#&"#& y#*' $i&#kuk#* )!(!i*%#" #*%## &#i*:
1.
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2.
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3.
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4.
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BAB III KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN A.
B.
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