06/11/2013
Se!!ion "#
Long Term Evolution: Evolutio n: Radio Network Planning ITU ASP COE Training on “Wireless Broadband Sami TABBANE
5-8 Novem November ber 2013 2013 – Nadi (Fiji (Fiji Islands) Islands) 1
CONTENTS
I$
LTE overview
II$
LTE %lanning %ro&e!!
III$ LTE Cov Cover erag age e 'im 'imen! en!ion ioning ing I($ LTE Ca%a&it) 'imen!ioning ($
Ca!e !tud)
2
1
06/11/2013
CONTENTS
I$
LTE Overview
3
LTE O(ER(IE* *+) to move to LTE
Redu&e Co!t %er ,it
• • •
Hi!er "#e$%ral e&&i$ien$' Fla% Ne%or !ierar$!' *ore bandid%!
Innovate
• • • •
+&&er !i!er $a#a$i%' and #ea ,a%es ,ed$e la%en$' (im#rove end-ser e.#erien$e) Handle !i! %ra&&i$ e&&e$%ivel' om#e%i%ive #ressre
Prevent -. network Conge!tion
• •
il% in %ime +&&load !i! %ra&&i$ sers %o
4
2
06/11/2013
CONTENTS
I$
LTE Overview
3
LTE O(ER(IE* *+) to move to LTE
Redu&e Co!t %er ,it
• • •
Hi!er "#e$%ral e&&i$ien$' Fla% Ne%or !ierar$!' *ore bandid%!
Innovate
• • • •
+&&er !i!er $a#a$i%' and #ea ,a%es ,ed$e la%en$' (im#rove end-ser e.#erien$e) Handle !i! %ra&&i$ e&&e$%ivel' om#e%i%ive #ressre
Prevent -. network Conge!tion
• •
il% in %ime +&&load !i! %ra&&i$ sers %o
4
2
06/11/2013
LTE O(ER(IE* Ca%a&it) develo%ment
lannin #er&orms a de%ailed s%d' o& ne%or in&ras%r$%re sin #redi$%ion %ools #ro#aa%ion and mana manaeme emen% n% o& da%a da%aba bases ses s#e$i s#e$i&i$ &i$ eor eora# a#!i !i$$ da%a da%a I% de&in de&ines es %!e %!e $over overa ae e #lan #lanss &re7 &re7e en$ n$ie ies s de%e de%erm rmin ines es a sear sear$! $! si%e si%e and and e7 e7i#me i#men n% s#e$ s#e$i& i&i$ i$a a%ion %ionss &or ea$! ea$! si%e si%e I% is rela rela%e %ed d %o %!os %!ose e res# res#on onsi sibl ble e &or si%e si%e sear sear$! $! and and man man&a &a$% $%r rer erss %o vali valida da%e %e i%s i%s %e$!ni$al o#%ions de#endin on %!e #ossibili%ies o& e7i#men%
5
LTE O(ER(IE*
LTE Bene/it!
Low laten laten&): &): &or bo%! ser #lane and $on% on%rol #lane ne i%! a 5*H s#e$ s#e$%r %rm m allo allo$a $a%i %ion on %!e %!e la%e la%en$ n$' ' %ar %are% e% is belo belo 5 ms
Band Bandwi widt dt+ + S&al S&ala, a,il ilit it): ): di&&eren% bandid%!s $an de#end de#endin in #on #on %!e re7i re7irem remen% en%s(1 s(125 25 %o 20 *H) *H)
Peak Peak 'ata 'ata Rate Rate!: !: 100 100 *b# *b#s &or 9 50 *b#s&o *b#s&orr :
Onl) Pa&ket Pa&ket Swit&+ed Swit&+ed 9omain 9omain s##or% s##or%
be
sed
6
3
06/11/2013
LTE O(ER(IE*
LTE Bene/it!
Im#roved Cell edge #er&orman$e
Inter0working i%! %!e e.is%in 2< and 3< s's%ems and non-3< s's%ems
+#%imied &or lo mobile s#eed b% also s##or% !i! mobile !%eed!
,ed$%ion o& &om%le1it) in bo%! s's%em and %erminals
ase o& migration &rom e.is%in ne%ors
Sim%li/i&ation and minimi2ation o& %!e nmber o& in%er&a$es
;
LTE NET*OR3 ARC4ITECTURE
8
4
06/11/2013
LTE NET*OR3 ARC4ITECTURE
!e #lannin $on$erns %!e in%er&a$e be%een -:,>N - :s =
LTE O(ER(IE*
eNB Re!%on!i,ilitie!
• ell $on%rol and ** #ool s##or%
• *obili%' on%rol • on%rol and :ser lan se$ri%' • • • • • • •
"!ared !annel !andlin "emen%a%ion/on$a%ena%ion H>,? "1 ** "1 : "$!edlin *l%i#le.in and *a##in !'si$al la'er &n$%ionali%'
• *easremen%s and re#or%in 10
5
06/11/2013
LTE O(ER(IE* 5ulti antenna te&+nologie!
11
LTE O(ER(IE* LTE Bandwidt+
!e bandid%! is more &le.ible %!an in %!e #revios 3< s%andards "$alable &rom 14 3 5 10 15 20*H
!e $a#a$i%' o& a $ell de#ends s%ronl' on i%s allo$a%ed bandid%!
C+annel! Bandwidt+ 65427
14
3
5
10
15
20
Tran!mi!!ion Bandwidt+ 65427
108
2;
45
=
135
18
Tran!mi!!ion Bandwidt+ 8RB9
6
15
25
50
;5
100
12
6
06/11/2013
LTE O(ER(IE* 5odulation t)%e!
13
LTE O(ER(IE*
• +F9*> in :#lin • " F9*> in 9onlin
14
;
06/11/2013
LTE O(ER(IE* re;uen&) Band
''0Ba!ed radio a&&e!!
T''0Ba!ed radio a&&e!!
UL and 'L
U%link 2500 *!
25;0 *!
'ownlink 2620 *!
26=0 *!
• !annel bandid%! 5 *H %o 20 *H • i% ra%e is &rom 100 *b#s %o 300 *b#s • "b $arrier s#a$in 15 H 15
LTE O(ER(IE* ''
+ne ,adio Frame A 10ms +ne "lo% A 05ms
@0
@1
@2
@3
B BB
@18
@1=
+ne "b&rame A 1ms
"b&rame 0
"b&rame 1
"b&rame =
:#lin and 9onlin are %ransme%%ed se#ara%el'
16
8
06/11/2013
LTE O(ER(IE* T''
:#lin and 9onlin are %ransmi%%ed a% %!e same %ime 1;
CONTENTS
II$ LTE Planning Pro&e!!
18
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06/11/2013
LTE PLANNIN. PROCESS
INTRO'UCTION
lannin #er&orms a de%ailed s%d' o& ne%or
in&ras%r$%re sin #redi$%ion %ools #ro#aa%ion and manaemen% o& da%abases s#e$i&i$ eora#!i$ da%a 9e&ines %!e $overae #lans &re7en$ies
9e%ermines a sear$! si%e and e7i#men% s#e$i&i$a%ions &or ea$! si%e
I% is rela%ed %o %!ose res#onsible &or si%e sear$! and
man&a$%rers %o valida%e i%s %e$!ni$al o#%ions de#endin on %!e #ossibili%ies o& e7i#men%
1=
LTE PLANNIN. PROCESS
!e radio Ne%or #lannin ro$ess is desinedC
o ma.imie %!e ne%or $overae
o #rovide %!e desired $a#a$i%'
I% is $om#osed o& %!ree s%e#sC
Initial Planning
'etailed Planning O%timi2ation
20
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06/11/2013
LTE PLANNIN. PROCESS Initial Planning
!e oal is %o assess %!e minimm
densi%' o& si%es %o mee% re7iremen%s !is s%ae re7ired %!e a%!erin o&
in&orma%ion s$! asC
• !e desired Coverage Area (9ense :rban :rban "brban)
•
Coverage Re;uirement ("bs$riber %ra&&i$ modelB)
• !e range o/ !ervi&e! %o be #rovided
21
LTE PLANNIN. PROCESS Initial Planning: 'imen!ioning Pro&e!!
rovides %!e nmber o& si%es re7ired in varios environmen%s !e &olloin diaram ills%ra%es %!e dimensionin #ro$essC
Bu!ine!! 5odel In%ut!
Network Con/iguration
Link Budget E!timation
inan&ial Clari/i&ation
Tra//i& E!timation
Ca%a&it) E!timation
22
11
06/11/2013
LTE PLANNIN. PROCESS 'etailed Planning
I% ses %!e in&orma%ion a%!ered &orm %!e dimensionin s%ae %o #rovide a e&&e$%ive de%ailed #lannin 'etailed Planning
Initial Planning
5odel Tuning Site Sele&tion Coverage Planning
O%timi2ation
Ca%a&it) Planning Con/iguration
Planning Parameter! Planning
23
LTE PLANNIN. PROCESS O%timi2ation
• !is ro$ess is &ndamen%all' based on ne%or anal'sis • I% in$ldes %!e a%!erin o& s%a%is%i$s and measremen% resl%s &rom %!e ne%or manaemen% s's%em
• I% allos %!e #rovider %o mae %!e $orre$%ions and adjs%men%s %o %!e ne%or O%timi2ation Initial Planning
'etailed Planning
Ca%a&it) O%timi2ation Coverage O%timi2ation E0UTRAN O%timi2ation Parameter O%timi2ation
24
12
06/11/2013
LTE PLANNIN. PROCESS
overae >rea (9ense :rban :rban "brban) ?ali%' +bje$%ive (?o" ri%eria) a#a$i%' ,e7iremen% ("bs$riber %ra&&i$ model) in de% arame%ers (ene%ra%ion loss ro#aa%ion model)
in de% a#a$i%' dimensionin "i%e nmber/$on&ira%ion ell radis in ea$! mor#!olo' Ne%or develo#men% sol%ion
Nominal Planning
Network 'e%lo)ment
"i%e lo$a%ion/,F #arame%ers $on&ira%ions "ear$! rin s#e$i&i$a%ion redi$%ion and simla%ion ls%er de&ini%ion &or #roje$% manaemen%
"i%esrve'/andida%e si%e sear$! Nei!bors $ell $on&ira%ion ell #arame%ers $on&ira%ion >lori%!m $on&ira%ion
'etailed Planning 25
LTE PLANNIN. PROCESS Planning In%ut! 0 Out%ut!
Coverage Re;uirement
Coverage Area Pol)gon 'e/inition Coverage Planning Cell Edge T+roug+%ut Coverage Pro,a,ilit) ??
Ca%a&it) Re;uirement
"i%e '#e oer/!annel eNode Nmber
>$%ive :sers
re;uen&) Bandwidt+ Su,!&ri,er /ore&a!t Tra//i& 5odel
"1 D E2 !ro!#%
26
13
06/11/2013
CONTENTS
III$
LTE Coverage 'imen!ioning
2;
LTE CO(ERA.E CO(ERA.E 'I5ENSIONIN.
o ob%ain $ell ,adis o es%ima%ed eNode nmber &or $overae re7iremen% Start Link Budget Pro%agation 5odel
In%ut! Parameter!
Cell Radiu! eNB Coverage Area
o%al overae/ eN $overae >rea
eNB Num,er End 28
14
06/11/2013
LTE CO(ERA.E 'I5ENSIONIN.
LTE Link Budget
2=
LTE LIN3 BU'.ET PROCE'URE 0 'O*NLIN3 'ownlink Link Budget
30
15
06/11/2013
LTE LIN3 BU'.ET PROCE'URE 0 UPLIN3 U%link Link Budget
31
LTE LIN3 BU'.ET 5a1imum Allowa,le Pat+ Lo!! 65APL7
'ownlinkC *> A I, 9- ": – NF – I*9 – #en – bod'oss<: >n%enna U%linkC
*> A I,:- "eN – NF – I*: – #en – bod'oss n%enna
Gi%!C • • • • • • • • • •
*> - *a.imm >lloable a%! oss I,C 7ivalen% Iso%ro#i$ ,adia%ed oer "-,.C ,e$eiver "ensi%ivi%' NFC lo normal &adin marin I*C In%er&eren$e *arin < -an%ennaC >n%enna ains% "!adoin -#en - ene%ra%ion loss -&eederC Feeder oss -bod' - od' oss 32
16
06/11/2013
LTE LIN3 BU'.ET E;uivalent i!otro%i& radiated %ower 6EIRP7
I, s%ands &or %!e #oer %!a% old be radia%ed b' a %!eore%i$al iso%ro#i$ an%enna %o a$!ieve %!e #ea densi%' observed in %!e dire$%ion o& ma.imm an%enna
• EIRP'L@ PeNBT1 LeNB0/eeeder! LeNB0um%er! LeNB0&onne&tor! . Antenna • EIRPUL@ PUET1 . Antenna L,od)
33
LTE LIN3 BU'.ET Re&eiver Sen!itivit)
!e re$eive sensi%ivi%' deno%es %!e minimm sinal level !i$! $an s%ill be s$$ess&ll' re$eived
• Sr1@ N!u,0T SINR noi!e NRB Gi%!C Nsb- A !ermal noise #oer #er sb$arrier ($orres#ondin %o 15 H bandid%! in $ase o& s%andard sb$arrier s#a$in) "IN,C "inal %o In%er&eren$e and Noise ,a%io FnoiseC ,e$eiver Noise Fire N, - Nmber o& ,esor$e lo$s
34
1;
06/11/2013
LTE LIN3 BU'.ET T+ermal noi!e %ower
!e %!ermal noise #oer is $al$la%ed as %!e %!ermal noise #oer #er sb$arrier ml%i#lied b' %!e nmber o& resor$e blo$s
•
N!u,0T @ k 1 T 1 B
Gi%!C Nsb-C %!ermal noise #oer Cem#era%re elvinJ C ol%mann $ons%an% C andid%!
35
LTE LIN3 BU'.ET Re;uired SINR
"inal %o In%er&eren$e and Noise ,a%io ("IN,) is %!e #oer ra%io o& se&l sinal %o %o%al in%er&eren$e $omin &rom nei!borin $ells #ls %!ermal noise
U%link Inter0&ell Inter/eren&e 'ownlink Inter &ell Inter/eren&e 36
18
06/11/2013
LTE LIN3 BU'.ET
• Ion A ( K . o%al - , . N:sed, ) / J . (1 – L) A 0 • Io%! A (, . Nsed-, ) /J . K . (1/<) Gi%!C o%al A ma.imm %o%al %ransmission #oer &rom eNode , A #oer #er resor$e blo$ N:sed , A nmber o& resor$e blo$s assined %o ser A sinal a%%ena%ion (#a%! loss) < A <-&a$%or $orres#onds %o /I ra%io (%!e o&&se% be%een %!e %are% sinal level and an' in%er&eren$es I a&&e$%in %!e %ransmission) M A $ell load (%!e averae amon% o& o$$#ied &re7en$' resor$es drin %!e %ime o& in%eres%) L - or%!oonall' &a$%or (1 s%ands &or %!e $ase !en %!e or%!oonall' is #er&e$%l' #reserved 0 means %!ere is no or%!oonall')
3;
LTE LIN3 BU'.ET Inter/eren&e 5argin
• I* A 10 lo (1 - "IN, . K . (1/<))
ading 5argin
• NF A E σ σ
A e s%andard devia%ion d "lo Fadin
E A Oale $al$la%ed a$$ordin %o lo normal la
38
1=
06/11/2013
LTE CO(ERA.E 'I5ENSIONIN.
Cell Radiu!
3=
LTE CELL RAN.E ESTI5ATION Pro%agation 5odel
9es$ribes %!e averae sinal #ro#aa%ion and i% $onver%s %!e
ma.imm alloed #ro#aa%ion loss %o %!e ma.imm $ell rane I% de#ends onC
• nvironmen%C rban rral dense rban sbrban o#en &ores% seaB
• • • •
9is%an$e Fre7en$' a%mos#!eri$ $ondi%ions Indoor/o%door
40
20
06/11/2013
LTE CELL RAN.E ESTI5ATION Cell Range
• *> A (d) , (ell ,adis) • ell >rea >$ell A . , 2
• In%er si%e 9is%an$e 9AI.,
ell a'o%
I
26
1;3
2 se$%or
1=5
15
3 se$%or an%enna GPA=0
1;3
2
3 se$%or an%enna GQ=0
26
1;3
6 se$%or
26
1;3
+mni
41
LTE CO(ERA.E 'I5ENSIONIN.
eNode B Num,er
42
21
06/11/2013
ENO'EB CO(ERA.E AREA eNodeB Num,er
• "i%e >rea >si%e A >$ell . "
(" A "e$%or Nmber)
• eNode Nmber NeN A > / >si%e
(> A o%al >rea %o $over)
43
LTE CO(ERA.E 'I5ENSIONIN.
.eneral Parameter!
44
22
06/11/2013
.ENERAL PARA5ETERS O(ER(IE* O%erating Band
45
.ENERAL PARA5ETERS O(ER(IE* E UTRAN and UE T1 Power andid%! (*H)
No+& ,s
eNode #oer (G)
oer #er , (dm)
14
6
8
31
3
15
20
31
5
25
40
32
10
50
60
31
15
;5
6060
32
20
100
6060
31
lass
oer (dm)
oleran$e (d)
1
30
n/a
2
2;
n/a
3
23
/- 2
4
21
n/a 46
23
06/11/2013
.ENERAL PARA5ETERS O(ER(IE* Antenna Power
3 - "e$%or
6 - se$%or
+mni
2 "e$%or
%'#i$al
Hi! ain
%'#i$al
Hi! ain
o band (e ;30 ;50 ;60 800 850=00 *H)
121
168
18
---
181
---
*id band (e 15 16 1;18 1=
13
21
18
20;
21
22
*id band (e 21 23
13
21
185
21
215
225
Hi! band (ie 25 26
14
22
1=5
22
225
235
4;
.ENERAL PARA5ETERS O(ER(IE* Ca,le! Lo!!e!
Feeders Loss (dB/100m) Type
Size 450 MHz
500 2000 2100 2300 2500 3400 0 700 MHz 800 *H =00 *H 1;00 *H 1800 *H *H *H *H *H *H *H
4;
6
64
68
=;
10
106
11
115
12
14
18
7/8"
2.7
3
3.6
4
5.5
5.7
6.7
6
6.5
6.8
8
10
LDP6 5/4"
1.7
2
2
2.6
3.8
4
4
4.3
4.5
4.8
1.5
2
2
2
3
3
3
3.7
4
4
LDFA 1/2" AL5
AL7
13/8"
Jumpers Attenuations EC4: 1/2" EC1: 1/4" EC1-HF: 1/4" 2C 3/8R Standard Frequency Standard Hiflex Foam- "%andard FoamFoamMHz Foam-Dielectric Dielectric 9iele$%ri$ Dielectric at 960 0,13 0,18 0,09 0,07 at 1880 0,19 0,26 0,13 0,09 at 2200 0,2 0,28 0,15 0,1
EC4-HF: 1/2" Hiflex FoamDielectric 0,1 0,14 0,17
48
24
06/11/2013
.ENERAL PARA5ETERS O(ER(IE* LN
4=
CONTENTS
I($
LTE Ca%a&it) 'imen!ioning
50
25
06/11/2013
LTE CAPACIT 'I5ENSIONIN.
Start on&ira%ion >nal'sis
Cell Average T+roug+%ut Cal&ulation
ra&&i$ *odel >nal'sis
Su,!&ri,er! Su%%orted %er Cell eNodeB num,er 6initiali2ed Coverage 'imen!ioning
Sati!/) Ca%a&it) Re;uirementD
Ad=u!t eNodeB Num,er
eNB Num,er End 51
LTE CAPACIT 'I5ENSIONIN.
Cell Average T+roug+%ut Cal&ulation
52
26
06/11/2013
CELL A(ERA.E T4ROU.4PUT
a$ Cell Average T+roug+%ut @ Cell Bandwidt+ 1 S%e&tral E//i&ient
53
LTE CAPACIT 'I5ENSIONIN.
Su,!&ri,er! Su%%orted %er Cell
54
2;
06/11/2013
TRAIC 5O'EL
55
SUBSCRIBER SUPPORTE' PER CELL
9 ell >verae a#a$i%'
a (*b#s)
s' Hor 9 ell oadin
b (S)
9 ell a#a$i%' in H
$ A a . b (*b#s)
ea %o >verae ,a%io
d (S)
H 9 !ro!#%/"b
e (b#s)
"e$%or Nmber/si%e
&
"bs s##or%ed in a si%e
($.&)/(1d)J / e
56
28
06/11/2013
LTE CAPACIT 'I5ENSIONIN.
Num,er o/ eNode B
5;
ENO'EB NU5BER
4$ eNode B Num,er @ Total Su,!&ri,er! > Su,! Su%%orted in a !ite
58
2=
06/11/2013
CONTENTS
($ Ca!e Stud)
5=
CASE STU' .eneral %arameter!
Link Budget arrier Fre7en$' (*H)
2100
!annel andid%! (*H)
20
*or#!olo'
9ense :rban
"e$%or '#e
3 se$%orial
nvironmen%
+%door
!annel *odel
: 3
60
30
06/11/2013
CASE STU' 'L EIRP 9 eN - . *a. eN . >n% :sed
:ni% dm di d
able oss I,
d dm
>
46 18 0 9F> 1/2R 30 11 30 4C 1/2R "F9 02 6 03 No
m d m d d
5 5=
9 F < H I T A (9S)<(HI) A >--T
61
CASE STU'
UL EIRP
: : - .
:ni% dm
33
>n%enna
di
0
od' oss ,.
d
able oss ,.
d
*a. : .
I, (dm)
>
0
9
33
A>--9
62
31
06/11/2013
CASE STU' 'L 5APL : - ,. andid%! !ermal Noise #er "b$arrier >llo$a%ed "b$arrier >rea%e !ermal Noise : Noise Fire ,e$eiver Noise Floor !annel a#a$i%' or !ro!#% "IN, ,e$eiver "ensi%ivi%' >n%
:ni% H
20 000 000 -131 100 dm -111 d ; dm -104 b#s 3 000 000 d -10 dm -114 d 0 dm -114 d -4 d 5 S 1 d 10 d 16 d 20 d 3 d 1
dm
d
143
* A 10+<(13810U(-23)2=0) N + A 10 lo (N) ?A+ , " A 10 lo (2U(,/) - 1) A?" : OA- : G E A 10o10(110U(G/10)) V W W X A NormInv(V) : WR W XR WRR 9-*> A (:)-(OEWXWRWXRWRR) 63
CASE STU' UL 5APL eN - ,. andid%! !ermal Noise #er "b$arrier >llo$a%ed "b$arrier >rea%e !ermal Noise eN Noise Fire ,e$eiver Noise Floor !annel a#a$i%' or !ro!#% "IN, ,e$eiver "ensi%ivi%' >n% (*H>)
H dm dm d dm b#s d dm di d d dm d d S d d d d
20 000 000 -131 100 -111 3 -108 3 000 000 -10 -118 18 5 5 -100 -4 5 1 10 16 20 0
F < H I T *A 10 lo (2U(/F) - 1) N + ? , A (N-) (+?) " A 10o10(110U("/10)) : O G A NormInv(V) : E V
d
12;
:-*> A (+?)-(,--G-E-V) 64
32
06/11/2013
CASE STU' 'L Cell Radiu! overae ,adis ro#aa%ion *odel
"*
9e'o% 9i&&ra$%ion oss (d) Fre7en$' ons%an% 1 9is%an$e >%%ena%ion 2 orre$% $oe&& o& !ei!% o& *obile "%a%ion >n%enna
d 1 2
orre$% $oe&& o& !ei!% o& ase "%a%ion >n%enna
"* A 1 2 lo (d ) 3 lo (H .e&&) 4 9i&&ra$%io noss 5 lo (d ) lo (H .e&&) 6 H ,.e&& $l%%r% & ($l%%er) 2 > 16 48
3
6
9
4
1
5
-;
F
6
0
<
1
H
$orre$%ion $oe&&i$ien% o& $l%%er a%%ena%ion $l%%er & $l%%er eN an% !ei%! : an% !ei%!
m m
,adis
m
,adis ell area
m m2
0 30 2
1 0;= 10; 226
T A.#(ln(10) (*> (13loT49i&&oss))/(25loT)J * A 10(-3) 1=4= *2 65
CASE STU' UL Cell Radiu! overae ,adis ro#aa%ion *odel
"*
9e'o% 9i&&ra$%ion oss (d)
d
Fre7en$' ons%an% 1 9is%an$e >%%ena%ion 2
1 2 3 4 5 6
orre$% $oe&& o& !ei!% o& *obile "%a%ion >n%enna orre$% $oe&& o& !ei!% o& ase "%a%ion >n%enna $orre$%ion $oe&&i$ien% o& $l%%er a%%ena%ion $l%%er & $l%%er
"* A 1 2 lo (d ) 3 lo (H .e&&) 4 9i&&ra$%io noss 5 lo (d ) lo (H .e&&) 6 H ,.e&& $l%%r% & ($l%%er) 2 > 16 48 6 1 -; 0
9 F <
1
H
0
eN an% !ei%! : an% !ei%!
m m
,adis
m
,adis
m
ell area
m 2
30 2
421 042 034
T A.#(ln(10) (*> (13loT49i&&oss))/(25loT)J * A 10(-3) 1=4= * 2 66
33
06/11/2013
CASE STU' 'L Ca%a&it) :ni%
9
*I*+ on&ira%ion
2.-2,.
*odla%ion and odin
64 ?>* 3/4
andid%!
*H
20
>1
"#e$%ral 9ensi%'
b#s/H
2
>2
ell a#a$i%'
*b#s
35
>3 A >1 >2
s' Hor >verae oadin
<
0
>4 A >3/81=2
s' Hor >verae a#a$i%'
<
15
>5 A >43600
ea %o averae ,a%io
S
50
>6
3se$%ors / si%e
<
8
>; A >5 >6S
"i%e >verae a#a$i%'
<
51
>8 /15S
>verae 9 H !ro!#%/sbs
<
1 52=
>= 30
"bs$ribers s##or%ed in a si%e
<
4 588
>10
*I*+ on&ira%ion
<
5
>11
=18
>12
*odla%ion and odin
6;
CASE STU' UL Ca%a&it) :ni%
9
*I*+ on&ira%ion
2.-2,.
*odla%ion and odin
64 ?>* 3/4 1
andid%!
*H
20
"#e$%ral 9ensi%'
b#s/H
0
2
ell a#a$i%'
*b#s
=
3 A 1 2
s' Hor >verae oadin
<
0
4 A 3/81=2
s' Hor >verae a#a$i%'
<
4
5 A >43600
ea %o averae ,a%io
S
50
6
3se$%ors / si%e
<
2
; A 5 6S
"i%e >verae a#a$i%'
<
13
8 /15S
>verae 9 H !ro!#%/sbs
<
3=6
= 30
"bs$ribers s##or%ed in a si%e
<
1 18;
10
*I*+ on&ira%ion
<
2
11
5=3
12
*odla%ion and odin
68
34