MAKALAH PARADIGMA DAN FALSAFAH KEPERAWATAN KELUARGA
DISUSUN OLEH KELOMPOK 1 - A.2 / SEMESTER IV
1. RISMALA PRAMUDITHA 2. MITA AYU UTAMI
( 058 STYC 15 )
( 041 STYC 15 )
3. UMMI KALSUM
( 152 STYC 11 )
4. RISA WATI
( 057 STYC 15 )
YAYASAN RUMAH SAKIT ISLAM NUSA TENGGARA BARAT SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU KESEHATAN KESEHATAN YARSI YARSI MAT MATARAM PROGRAM STUDI KEPERAWATAN JENJANG S1 MATARAM 2017
KATA KATA PENGAN PE NGANT TAR
Assalam!ala"#m W$ W$.. W%. P&" s'#$ *l"s a*&a+#a* #a,a ALLAH SWT 'a*- +la mm%$"#a* *"#ma+ #sa+a* ,a* #sma+a* s"*--a sama" s#a$a*- #"+a %"sa %$a#+"/"+as ,alam ,alam $a*-#a $a*-#a %$"%a %$"%a,a ,a #a,a #a,a' 'aa ,*-a* ,*-a* sala sala sa+ a$a m**+ m**++ + "lm. "lm. Salaa+ s$+a salam +",a# la *l"s s*a*,*-#a* #a,a +ala,a* sma ma+ ma+ a%" a%" Mamm Mamma, a, SAW SAW 'a*'a*- +la +la m*'am m*'ama"# a"#a* a* "lm "lm *-+ *-+a aa* a* mlal mlal"" Al$!a Al$!a* * ,a* S**a S**a s$+a s$+a sm6-a sm6-a #s&a #s&a+$ +$aa* aa* ++a ++a +$$a +$$a#a #a* * #a,a #la$-a %l"a a$a saa%a+saa%a+*'a ,a* #am msl"m"* 'a*- ++a %$-a*- +- #a,a a-ama Islam. P*l"s P*l"s "*-"* m*'ama"#a* m*'ama"#a* +$"ma#as" #a,a I% $l $l H",a'a$" H",a'a$" S.K. S.K. s$s. M.K. sla# D6s* P*-am ma+a #l"a K6m*"+as I 'a*- +la mm% mm%$" $"#a #a* * %"m% %"m%"* "*-a -a* * ,a* ,a* mas mas#a #a* * s"* s"*---aa Ma#a Ma#ala la “Paradigma “Paradigma dan Falsafah Keperawatan Keluarga” "*" ,aa+ +$ss* ssa" ,*-a* a#+ 'a*+la ," +*+#a*. Sm6-a amal %a"# 'a*- %l"a %$"#a* a#a* m*,aa+ %alasa* 'a*- s+"mal ,a$" Alla S.W.T. A#"$ A#"$ #a+a #a+a sm6-a sm6-a Ma#ala Ma#ala "*" s*a*+ s*a*+"asa "asa %$ma* %$ma*aa+ aa+ a,a a,a sma sma "a# "a# *+# masa s#a$a*- ,a* masa 'a*- a#a* ,a+a*-. Wassalam!ala"#m W$. W%.
Ma+a$am 28 Ma$+ 2017
P*l"s
( Paradigma dan Falsafah Falsafah Keperawatan Keluarga Keluarga )
2
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL..............................................................................................." KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................."" DAFTAR ISI.........................................................................................................""" BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN
1.1 La+a$ la#a*-.......................................................................................1 1.2 Rmsa* Masala..................................................................................2 1.3 T&a*....................................................................................................2 1.4 Ma*aa+..................................................................................................2 BAB 2 PEMBAHASAN
2.1 Pa$a,"-ma ,a* 9alsaa K$aa+a* Kla$-a............................... ....3 2.2 P$a* P$aa+ ,alam #$aa+a* Kla$-a.......................................15 2.3 T-as+-as Kla$-a ,alam K$aa+a* Kla$-a..........................17 2.4 P$"*s"$"*s" K$aa+a* Kla$-a................................................17 BAB 3 PENUTUP
3.1 S"mla*.............................................................................................. 20 3.2 Sa$a*....................................................................................................20 DAFTAR PUSTAKA...........................................................................................21
( Paradigma dan Falsafah Keperawatan Keluarga )
3
BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN
1.1 L!" B#$%&'
Dalam $a"a* 'a*- ,"#m#a*a* 6l 9$",ma* (,alam %# Zaidin 2010) #la$-a a,ala *"+ +ama ,a$" mas'a$a#a+ ,a* m$a#a* :lm%a-a; 'a*mm*-a$" #",a* mas'a$a#a+. Dalam mas'a$a#a+ %*-a* 'a*- $a+ a*+a$a a*--6+a*'a ,*-a* #la$-a sa*-a+ m*6*&6l s"*--a #la$-a s%a-a" lm%a-a<*"+ la'a*a* $l ,"$"+*-#a*. Kla$-a s%a-a" sa+ #l6m6# "*,"/", ," ,alam #la$-a 'a*- ,aa+ m*"m%l#a* m*-a m*-a%a"#a* a+a mm$%a"#" masala #sa+a* ,alam #l6m6#*'a s*,"$". Ham"$ s+"a masala #sa+a* "*,"/", ," ,alam #la$-a mla" ,a$" aal sama" a#"$ a#a* ,"*-a$" 6l #la$-a. Kla$-a mm*'a" $a* +ama ,alam ml"a$aa* #sa+a* sl$ a*--6+a #la$-a*'a ,a* %#a* "*,"/", "+ s*,"$" 'a*- m*-saa#a* +$aa"*'a +"*-#a+ #sa+a* 'a*- ,""*-"*#a**'a. Masala #sa+a* ,alam #la$-a sal"*- %$#a"+a*. P*'a#"+ a,a sala sa+ a*--6+a #la$-a a#a* mm*-a$" sl$ #la$-a +$s%+. P$a* a*--6+a #la$-a a#a* m*-alam" $%aa* aa%"la sala sa+ a*--6+a*'a m*,$"+a sa#"+. D"la"* "a# s+a+s #sa+a* as"* &-a s%a-"a* %sa$ ,"+*+#a* 6l #6*,"s" #la$-a*'a. Dalam $aa+a* as"* s%a-a" "*,"/", #la$-a %$$a* s%a-a" *-am%"l #+sa*. Hal "*" &las s#al" a,a mas'a$a#a+ T"m$. #a* a*'a #la$-a "*+" sa&a 'a*- m*-am%"l #+sa* a*--6+a #la$-a 'a*- &a (m"sal **# #a## ama*) &-a "#+ s$+a ,alam *-am%"la* #+sa* a,a #l$-a %$*-as"la* $*,a #a$*a #+",a#mama**'a %"asa*'a *'a#"+ ,alam #la$-a ,"+a*-a*" s*,"$" 6l #la$-a ,*-a* mm%l" 6%a+ ," a$*-. Kla$-a m$a#a* $a*+a$a 'a*- #+" ,a* "s"* *+# %$%a-a" saa #sa+a* mas'a$a#a+. P$aa+,a+ m*&a*-#a mas'a$a#a+ a*'a mlal" #la$-a. Ksa+a* mas'a$a#a+ a*'a ,aa+ ,"+"*-#a+#a* +$+ama mlal" *"*-#a+a* #sa+a* #la$-a.
( Paradigma dan Falsafah Keperawatan Keluarga )
1
U*+# "+ ,alam mla#sa*a#a* #-"a+a* #$aa+a* #la$-a 'a*- ssa" #"+a $l m*-+a" aa 'a*- ,"ma#s, ,*-a* a$a,"-ma ,a* alsaa #$aa+a* #la$a-a.
1.2 R()(*& M*$+
1.2.1
Aa#a ma#s, ,a$" a$a,"-ma ,a* alsaa #$aa+a* #la$-a=
1.2.2
a-a"ma*a#a $a* $aa+ ,alam #$aa+a* #la$-a=
1.2.3
Aa sa&a +-as+-as #la$-a ,alam #$aa+a* #la$-a=
1.2.4
a-a"ma*a#a $"*s"$"*s" ,alam #$aa+a* #la$-a=
1.3 T(,(& P#&($*&
1.3.1
T&a* Umm T&a* ,a$"
*l"sa*
ma#ala "*"
a-a$ a$a
maas"sa
#$aa+a* ,aa+ m*-+a" a$a,"-ma ,a* alsaa #$aa+a* #6m*"+as #la$-a s$+a m*"*-#a+#a* $6,#+""+as ,a$" $a*l"*-# #la$-a 'a*- ,"sasa$ %"la $6,#+""+as #la$-a m*"*-#a+ ,"a$a#a* #s&a+$aa* #la$-a a#a* m*"*-#a+ la. 1.3.2
T&a* Kss 1. U*+# m*-+a" a$a,"-ma ,a* alsaa #$aa+a* #la$-a. 2. U*+# m*-+a" $a* $aa+ ,alam #$aa+a* #la$-a. 3. U*+# m*-+a" +-as+-as #la$-a ,alam #$aa+a* #la$-a. 4. U*+# m*-+a" +*+a*- $"*s" ,a$" #$aa+a* #la$-a.
1. M&! P#&($*&
D*-a* ,"%a+#a**'a ma#ala : Paradigma dan Falsafah Keperawatan Keluarga; "*" ,"a$a#a* ,aa+ %$ma*aa+ %a-" mas'a$a#a+ #ss*'a $a*l"*-# #la$-a ,alam m*-+a" ,a* m*"*-#a+#a* a$a ", sa+ s"*--a +$aa" ,$a&a+ #sa+a* 'a*- 6+"mal a-a$ ,aa+ m*&ala*#a* *-s" #",a* ssa" ,*-a* #aas"+as 'a*- m$#a m"l"#".
( Paradigma dan Falsafah Keperawatan Keluarga )
2
BAB 2 PEMBAHASAN
2.1 P"') & F$*+ K##"!& K#$("'
K$aa+a* #sa+a* #la$-a a,ala +"*-#a+ $aa+a* #sa+a* mas'a$a#a+ 'a*- ,"+&#a* a+a ,"sa+#a* a,a #la$-a a,a *"+ a+a #sa+a* 'a*- ,"$aa+ ,**-a* sa+ s%a-a" +&a* mlal" -6%a+a* s%a-a" sa$a* a+a *'al$. ( Bailon dan Maglaya 1>78). P$aa+ #la$-a a,ala $aa+ +$$-"s+$as" ,a* +la lls ,alam %",a*#$aa+a* 'a*- ,"$s"a#a* *+# $a#+"# mm%$"#a* la'a*a* "*,"/", ,a* #la$-a ,"sa*&a*- $*+a*- sa+ sa#"+. P$a* 'a*- ,"la##a* $aa+ #la$-a a,ala
mla#sa*a#a*
asa*
#$aa+a*
#la$-a
%$a$+"s"as"
,a*
m*--*a#a* as"l $"s+ m*-m%a*-#a* ,a* mla#sa*a#a* #%"&a#a* ,"%",a*#sa+a* #m"m"*a* *,","#a* case management ,a* #6*sl+as". Pa$a,"-ma a,ala sa+ a$a ,alam mm$ss"#a* a+a mma*,a*- ssa+. Pa$a,"-ma m*&las#a* ssa+ ,alam mmaam" sa+ +"*-#a la#. ( Adam Smith, 1>75 cit affar, 1>>7). Pa$a,"-ma mm%$"#a* ,asa$ ,alam ml"a+ mma*,a*- mm%$" ma#*a m*'"#a" ,a* mm"l" +"*,a#a* +$a,a %$%a-a" *6m*a 'a*- a,a ,alam #$aa+a*. Dalam al "*" a$a,"-ma a#a* sa*-a+ mm%a*+ ss6$a*- a+a* mas'a$a#a+ las *+# mmaam" $"la# #l"* ,alam m*-a,a" #+",a#as+"a* #6*,"s"*'a a+a m*-a,a" #+",a#*'ama*a* ,a$" s%a-"a* a+a sl$ a*--6+a +%*'a a+a masalamasala 'a*- 'a*m*l ,alam %",a*- #"lma* +$+*+. 9alsaa a,ala #'a#"*a* *"la"*"la" 'a*- m*&a," ,6ma* *+# m*aa" sa+ +&a* a+a s%a-a" a*,a*-a* ",. 9alsaa #$aa+a* #6m*"+as m$a#a* a*,a*-a* ,asa$ m*-*a" a#"#a+ ma*s"a ,a* s*s" #$aa+a* 'a*- m*&a,"#a* #$a*-#a ,asa$ ,alam $a#+"# #$aa+a*. K$aa+a* #6m*"+as m$a#a* la'a*a* 'a*- mm%$"#a* $a+"a* +$a,a *-a$ l"*-#*-a* %a"# %"6l6-"s s6s"al #l+$al ,a* s"$"+al +$a,a #sa+a* #6m*"+as s$+a mm%$"#a* $"6$"+as a,a s+$a+-" *-aa* *'a#"+ ,a* *"*-#a+a* #sa+a*. 9alsaa 'a*- mla*,as" #$aa+a* #6m*"+as" m*-a #a,a a$a,"-ma #$aa+a* sa$a mm 'a"+ ma*s"a 'a*-
( Paradigma dan Falsafah Keperawatan Keluarga )
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m$a#a* +"+"# s*+$al ,a$" s+"a a'a m%a*-*a* #sa+a* 'a*m*&*&*- +"*--" *"la"*"la" #ma*s"aa* ,a* %$+6la# ,a$" a*,a*-a* "*" ,"ss*la a$a,"-ma #$aa+a* #6m*"+as 'a*- +$,"$" a+as #6m6** ,asa$ 'a"+ ma*s"a #sa+a* (#6*s sa+sa#"+) l"*-#*-a* ,a* #$aa+a*. ( Zul!ahfi d!!, 2015) 2.1.1
Ma*s"a Ma*s"a m$a#a* #6m6** a$a,"-ma #$aa+a* 'a*- m*&a," sala sa+ 6#s ,a$" la'a*a* #$aa+a*. Ma*s"a s%a-a" #l"* 'a*m$a#a* ma#l# %"6s"#6s6s"al ,a* s"$"+al m$a#a* #sa+a* ,a$" as# &asma*" ,a* $6a*" 'a*- mm"l"#" s"a+ *"# ,*-a* #%+a* 'a* %$%,a%,a ssa" ,*-a* +"*-#a+ $#m%a*-a**'a mas"*-mas"*-. ( Zul!ahfi d!!, 2015) Pa,a #$aa+a* #la$-a ma*s"a ,"s"*" ,"sa+#a* a,a #la$-a sa$a la*-s*-. M*$+ 9$",ma* (2010) #la$-a a,ala ,a 6$a*a+a l%" 'a*- ,"sa+#a* 6l #%$samaa* ,a* #,#a+a* m6s"6*al s$+a 'a*- m*-",*+""#as" ,"$"*'a s%a-a" %a-"a* ,a$" #la$-a. T$,aa+ l"ma a$a $aa+ #la$-a m*&a%a$#a* #6*s ,a* %#$&a ,*-a* #la$-a 'a#*" ,"a*+a$a*'a? 1) Kla$-a S%a-a" K6*+#s Ca$a $+ama m*&a%a$#a* #6*s #$aa+a* #la$-a a,ala s%a-a" s%a %",a*- #la$-a ,"a*,a*- s%a-a" #6*+#s %a-" #l"* a+a a*--6+a #la$-a ( Bo"ett, 1>87@ #o$inson 1>>5). Asa* #$aa+a* %$6#s a,a "*,"/", #la$-a 'a*- %"asa*'a a,ala #l6m6# $"m$ al"*- *+"*- %a-" #l"* mm*'a ,"a*,a*s%a-a" s%a sm%$ ,a'a %a-" #l"* ala* ,alam %%$aa #ass #la$-a ,"a*,a*- s%a-a" s%a s+$s6$. Kla$-a a,ala la+a$ %la#a*- a+a 6#s s#*,$ ,a* "*,"/", 'a*- m$a#a* %a-"a* +$,a* a+a 6s +ama +$#a"+ ,*-a* *-#a&"a* ,a* "*+$/*s". P$aa+ ,aa+ ml"%a+#a* #la$-a ,alam %$%a-a" +"*-#a+a*. Dalam %%$aa #ass $aa+ ,aa+ m*-#a&" #la$-a s%a-a" %a-"a* ,a$" s"s+m *,#*- s6s"al #l"* ++a" a*'a s,"#"+ ml"%a+#a* #la$-a ,alam $*a*a asa* #$aa+a* #l"*. Dalam
( Paradigma dan Falsafah Keperawatan Keluarga )
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%%$aa #ass 'a*- la"* $aa+ m*-#"* %a*'a# ml"%a+#a* #la$-a ,alam $aa+a* #l"*. P*-a$ *'a+a ,a* s6s"6m6s"6*al #la$-a +$a,a #l"* &-a ,"#a&" ,a* ,"mas##a* # ,alam $*a*a +$a" #l"*. K%a*'a#a* +6$" #$aa+a* m*&a%a$#a* #6*s $a* #la$-a ,a$" s,+ a*,a*- "*". S%a-"a* %sa$ %",a*- ss"al"sas" &-a mma*,a*- #la$-a s%a-a" s%a l"*-#*-a* s6"al 'a*- *+"* %a-" #l"* ,a* &-a sm%$ ,#*-a* s6s"al +ama. C6*+6*'a a,ala ,"*"s" $aa+ 'a*- %$sa+ a,a #la$-a 'a*- ,"#la$#a* 6l I*+$,"s"l"*a$' Ass6"a+"6* 6$ + a$ 6 "l,$*!s al+ (ACCH). ACCH m*&las#a* %aa $aa+a* 'a*- %$sa+ a,a #la$-a a,ala
s%a
"l6s6"
$aa+a*
#sa+a*
a*a#
'a*-
mm$+"m%a*-#a* ,a* mm%$"#a* asa* #a,a a*a# ,alam #6*+#s #la$-a s$+a mma*,a*- #la$-a s%a-a" *',"a asa* 'a*- +ama ,a* %$s"*am%*- %a-" a*a#. $-a*"sas" "*" m*#a*#a* %aa #la$-a a,ala s%a :#6*s+a*+a; ,alam #",a* a*a# (Shelton % Stepane! 1>>5). 2) Kla$-a s%a-a" Kmla* ,a$" A*--6+a*'a Pa,a +" #,a $a#+"# #$aa+a* #la$-a #la$-a ,"a*,a*s%a-a" a#mlas" a+a #mla* "*,"/", 'a*- m*&a," a*--6+a #la$-a*'a. K+"#a $aa+a* ,"s,"a#a* a+a ,"%$"#a* #a,a sl$ a*--6+a #la$-a $aa+a* #sa+a* #la$-a ,aa+ ,"a*--a +la ,"%$"#a*. Hal +$s%+ m$a#a* s%a m6,l 'a*m*&a," a+6#a* ,a$" #%a*'a#a* $aa+a* $"m$ #la$-a ,a* la'a*a* #sa+a* #6m*"+as. Pa,a +" $a#+"# #$aa+a* #la$-a "*" 'a*- m*&a," %a-"a* +$,a* a,ala mas"*-mas"*#l"* 'a*- ,"a*,a*- s%a-a" *"+ 'a*- +$"sa %#a* *"+ 'a*sal"*- +$#a"+. 3) S%s"s+m Kla$-a s%a-a" Kl"* Pa,a +" #+"-a $a#+"# #$aa+a* #la$-a s%s"s+m #la$-a m$a#a* 6#s ,a* *$"ma *-#a&"a* ,a* "*+$/*s". 9$",ma* (1>>3) m*'%+ m6,l "*" s%a-a" %as"s #$aa+a* #la$-a
( Paradigma dan Falsafah Keperawatan Keluarga )
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"*+$$s6*al. D"a, ,a* +$"a, #la$-a s$+a s%s"s+m #la$-a 'a*la"* a,ala *"+ a*al"s"s ,a* $aa+a*. H%*-a* a*+a$a 6$a*-+a ,a* a*a# "*+$a#s" $*"#aa* "s m%$"a* asa* ,a* masala $onding attachment a,ala 6*+6 6#s #$aa+a* #la$-a. 4) Kla$-a s%a-a" Kl"* Pa,a +" #ma+ *&a%a$a* #6*s #$aa+a* #la$-a #sl$a* #la$-a ,"a*,a*- s%a-a" #l"* a+a s%a-a" 6#s +ama *-#a&"a* ,a* $aa+a*. Dalam al "*" #la$-a m$a#a* %a-"a* +$,a* s,a*-#a* "*,"/", a*--6+a #la$-a %$a,a s%a-a" la+a$ %la#a*- a+a #6*+#s. Kla$-a ,"a*,a*- s%a-a" s%a s"s+m 'a*- sal"*- mm*-a$". 96#s*'a a,ala a,a %*-a* ,a* ,"*am"#a "*+$*a #la$-a *-s" ,a* s+$#+$ #la$-a ,a* %*-a* s%s"s+m #la$-a ,*-a* #sl$a* s$+a %*-a* #la$-a ,*-a* l"*-#*-a* la$*'a. Pa,a +" *&a%a$a* #la$-a 'a*+$a#"$ "*"la #6*+$"%s" *"# #$aa+a* #la$-a +$l"a+ &las. K+"#a +6$" s"s+m ,a* s"%$+"*"# m*&a," a$a +ama mma*,a*,a* m*-a*al"s"s #la$-a +$+ama #6*s m*-*a" "*+$a#s" s"$#las" ,a* +"m%al %al"# W$"-+ ,a* La' (2000) m*'%+*'a ,*-a* #$aa+a* s"s+m #la$-a. Pa,a #$aa+a* s"s+m #la$-a %*-a* a*+a$a *'a#"+ a*--6+a #la$-a ,a* #la$-a ,"#a&" ,*-a* m*--*a#a* $s#+" "*+$a#s" "*" ,a* ,"mas##a* # ,alam $*a*a +$a". T" $a#+"# "*" ml"%a+#a* *--*aa* a$a,"-ma ,a* #$a*-#a "s+6m6l6-"s 'a*- %$%,a *+# *-#a&"a* ,a* $aa+a* 'a*- ," +a*,a"
,*-a* 6l"sm ,*-a* %*-a*
#asal 'a*- s"$#la$. K$aa+a* s's+m #la$-a m*--*a#a* *-#a&"a* #l"*"s la*&+ ,a* #+$am"la* "*+$/*s" 'a*- %$,asa$#a* a,a $a,a* #$aa+a* +$a" ,a* +6$" s's+m #la$-a (&right % leahey, 1>>4). Hal "*" m**&##a* $a#+"# #$aa+a* +"*-#a+ la*&+ ,a* #6*s*+$as"*'a 'a*- s"ml+a* 'a*- ,"+&#a* +",a# a*'a a,a #sl$a* #la$-a s%a-a" *"+ $aa+a* ++a" &-a a,a %$%a-a" s"s+m s$+" "*,"/", #la$-a ,a* s"s+m 'a*- l%" %sa$ ( Bell, 1>>B).
( Paradigma dan Falsafah Keperawatan Keluarga )
B
U*+*-*'a ma#"* %a*'a# a'a 'a*- ,"la##a* a,a $aa+a* $"m$ #la$-a *+# mma*,a*- *"+ #la$-a s%a-a" 6s $aa+a* ( 'oherty % (amp$ell 1>88@ (amp$ell, 2000) ++a" ,*-a* a,a*'a a'a *-+a+a* %"a'a ,a* #$a*-*'a m%a'a$a* *+# $aa+a* #la$-a a'a 'a*- ,"la##a* "*" +",a# +$s%a$ sa$a las. 5) Kla$-a s%a-a" K6m6** Mas'a$a#a+ T$,aa+ #6*s #la$-a #l"ma 'a*- ,",s#$"s"#a* 6l Ha*s6* (2001%) 'a"+ #la$-a s%a-a" #6m6** mas'a$a#a+. Pa,a #6*s "*" #la$-a ," a*,a*- s%a-a" sa+ s%s"s+m ,alam s%a s"s+m 'a*- l%" %sa$#6m*"+as mas'a$a#a+. Kla$-a ,"a*,a*s%a-a" sala sa+ lm%a-a ,asa$ ," mas'a$a#a+ s$+" lm%a-a *,","#a* #s&a+$aa* a+a a-ama. 2.1.2
Ksa+a* $%"a$a m*-*a" #sa+a* ma#a #"+a a#a* mm%aas ,a al 'a* %$%*-a* ,*-a* #sa+a* 'a"+? #6*s sa+ ,a* #6*s sa#"+. ( Zul!ahfi d!!, 2015) 1. K6*s sa+ Sa+ a,ala sa+ #6*,"s" +$%%as*'a +% ,a$" -a*--a* m*a* #%+a* ,asa$ #l"* a+a #6m*"+as. Sa+ m$a#a* #s"m%a*-a* 'a*- ,"*am"s s%a-a" ,ama# ,a$" #%$as"la* m*-a+as" s+$ss6$. Sa+ &-a ,"a$+"#a* s%a-a" #a,aa* ,"ma*a ss6$a*- #+"#a ,"$"#sa 6l al"*'a +",a# mm*'a" #la* a+a* +",a# +$,aa+ +a*,a+a*,a *'a#"+a+a #la"*a*. ( Zul!ahfi d!!, 2015) 2. K6*s sa#"+ M*$+ P$#"*!s sa#"+ a,ala sa+ #a,aa* +",a# m*'*a*-#a* 'a*- m*"ma ss6$a*- s"*--a m*"m%l#a* -a*--a* ,alam a#+"/"+as sa$"a$" %a"# a#+"/"+as &asma*" $6a*" ma* s6s"al. Sa#"+ %$a$+" sa+ #a,aa* 'a*- mm$l"a+#a* a,a*'a #la* ,a* -&ala sa#"+ sa$a s%&#+" ,a* 6%&#+" s"*--a *,$"+a +$s%+
( Paradigma dan Falsafah Keperawatan Keluarga )
7
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( Zul!ahfi d!!, 2015)
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( Paradigma dan Falsafah Keperawatan Keluarga )
8
Sa'a*-*'a #la$-a &-a ,aa+ m*&a," sm%$ *'a#"+ ," a*+a$a a*--6+a #la$-a. K+",a#+$a+$a* s6s"al #la$-a s$"*#al" %$a#"%a+ *-a+" #a,a #sa+a* a*--6+a #la$-a*'a. $%a-a" masala #sa+a* #ss l%" s$"*- ," &ma" +$&a," a,a #la$-a 'a*- %$masala ," a*+a$a*'a +%$l6s"s -a*--a* &"a ($ema!, chung % $ornemann 1>>B) a*6$#s"a ,a* %l"m"a ((amp$ell, 2000) "$+*s" (har$urg, )rfurt, chape, % *a+enstein, 1>73@ syme, hyman, % enterline 1>B4) ,a* #ma+"a* a#"%a+ s+$6#. a*'a# *l"+"a* s$+" 'a*- ,"-am%a$#a* ,alam s%a +"*&aa* s+a#a ( #oss, Mirows!y, % oldstein, 1>>0) m**&##a* *-a$ #a+ #la$-a +$a,a +"-a a#+6$ ,alam #la$-a 'a*- m*&las#a* %*-a* s%a%a#"%a+ a*+a$a #la$-a ,a* *'a#"+ ? %*-a* $*"#aa* #,,#a* s%a-a" 6$a*- +a ,a* s"s+m ,#*-a* s6s"al #la$-a. M*$+ s%a *l"+"a* (alifornia health proect &*"s %*-a* $*"#aa* asa*-a* ,aa+ mm*-a$" s+a+s #sa+a* #la$-a ( Fisher%#ansom 1>>5). Pa$a *l"+" "*" m*m#a* %aa sam""s+$" 'a*- %$asal ,a$" #la$-a 'a*- :s"m%a*-; ,a* :+$a,"s"6*al; mm"l"#" *"la" #sa+a* 'a*- l%" +"*--" &"#a ,"%a*,"*-#a* ,*-a* asa*-a* m*"#a 'a*- %$asal ,a$" #la$-a 'a*- :%$$a"; ,a* :m*-alam" #+-a*-a* m6s"6*al;. 2) Taa 2? P*l"+"a* Kla$-a +$a,a E&ala Taa "*" ,"mla" #+"#a sa+ -&ala "*,"/", (1) ,"#*al"@ (2) ,"+as"$#a* +$#a"+ ,*-a* #a$aa**'a #m*-#"*a* *'%a% ,a* ma#*a a+a a$+"*'a@ ,a* (3) ,"$asa#a* m*-a*-- 6l "*,"/", 'a*- m*-alam" -&ala +$s%+ ,a* #la$-a*'a. Taa "*" +$,"$" a+as #'a#"*a* #la$-a a#a* -&ala a+a *'a#"+ s6$a*- a*--6+a #la$-a ,a* %a-a"ma*a m*a*-a*" *'a#"+ +$s%+ ( 'oherty % (amp$ell 1>88@ (amp$ell, 2000). Ka$*a #la$-a %$$a* s%a-a" +"+"# +m aa* -*a m*-#a&" $"la# #sa+a* ,a* %a+asa* ,asa$ sa+sa#"+ #la$-a ,aa+ mm*-a$" $ss" "*,"/",. D" Am$"#a U+a$a
( Paradigma dan Falsafah Keperawatan Keluarga )
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( Paradigma dan Falsafah Keperawatan Keluarga )
10
Kla$-a +",a# a*'a mm%$"#a* ,"*"s" ,asa$ sa+ ++a" a*--6+a #la$-a &-a ,aa+ m*#a* s6$a*- a*--6+a #la$-a*'a *+# m*aa" +aa "*" &"#a #la$-a %$a*--aa* %aa a*--6+a #la$-a +",a# mm%$"#a* $a#s" sms+"*'a. P$6ss "*" m*-#"* a#a* m*&a," al 'a*- sa*-a+ sl"+ %a-" #la$-a +$+ama &"#a 'a*- m*&a," masala +ama a,ala -a*--a* s"#"a+$" ( Pedersen, draguns, loner, % trim$le 1>>B). Hal "*" ,aa+ +$&a," #a$*a ," %%$aa %,a'a *'a#"+ &"a s$"*- #al" ,"a*,a*- s%a-a" #6*,"s" 'a*- mmal#a* %a-" sl$ #la$-a. Sla"* "+ #la$-a a$s m*&l#" "*,"/", +$s%+ sa#"+ &"a ,a* m*-*-#a#a* masala # mas'a$a#a+ ,a*7B). Kla$-a %$+"*,a# s%a-a" a-* $&#a* #sa+a* +ama ,a* a#a* m$&# a*--6+a*'a # &*"s la'a*a* a+a $a#+"s" 'a*,"*"la" ssa". T*+ sa&a #+sa* m*-*a" la'a*a* 'a*- a#a* ,"-*a#a* &-a ,"+*+#a* 6l #+$s,"aa* ,a* #m,aa* a#ss la'a*a* #sa+a* %a-" #la$-a. S%a-"a* #sa+a*
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( Paradigma dan Falsafah Keperawatan Keluarga )
11
((enter for *ealth )conomics #eserch, 1>>3). D"#ala*-a* #la$-a #$&a ,a* #las m**-a 'a*- mm"l"#" as$a*s" #sa+a* +$,aa+ *"*-#a+a* ,alam ma*aa+a* #l6m6# $a#+"# (6$-a*"sas" ml"a$a #sa+a*) 'a*- ,"%a'a$ ," m#a ,a* s"s+m *-l6laa* $aa+a* la"**'a. Wala* %%$aa /a$"a%l s$+" *$"maa* #+a+a* a,#as" $aa+a* 'a*- ,"%$"#a* ,a* #s$"sa* #6*,"s" m$a#a* al 'a*- *+"*- #m,aa* a#ss # as"l"+as $aa+a* +ama +ama#*'a &-a m*&a," **+ +ama ,alam m**+#a* s"aa 'a*- a#a* ,"%*-" 6l #la$-a ( (amp$ell, 2000) 5) Taa 5? Rs6*s A#+ Kl"* ,a* Kla$-a T$a,a P*'a#"+ Pa$s6*s (1>51) m*'%+ s+a+s s6s"al "*" ,*-a* :P$a* s" sa#"+;. a-a"ma*a $a* "*" ,","*"s"#a* ,a* ,"&ala*#a* ," $ma a#a* ,"*-a$" 6l la+a$ %la#a*- s6s"al %,a'a ,a* #*"#a* #la$-a. %$aa #la$-a mm%%as#a* "*,"/", 'a*- sa#"+ ,a$" sma #a&"%a**'a ,a* mm%$"#a* :la'a*a* ,a* %a*+a*; sa$a *. Kla$-a 'a*- la"* m*-a$a#a* +",a# %a*'a# $%aa* $"la# a,a "*,"/", 'a*- sa#"+ +$s%+ m$#a %$a$a %aa 'a*- %$sa*-#+a* ,aa+ mla##a* +-as s$+" %"asa*'a *,#a+a* "*" s$"*- ,"&ma" saa+ "*,"/", 'a*- sa#"+ a,ala "% a+a "*,"/", 'a*- m*&a," m%$" asa* s*+$al. Slama +aa $s6* a#+ #la$-a a$s m*'sa"#a* ,"$" ,*-a* *'a#"+ ,"a-*6s"s ,a* *-6%a+a* a*--6+a #la$-a 'a*sa#"+. P*'a#"+ s$"s a+a m*-a*am &"a ,aa+ m*-a#"%a+#a* #$"s"s #la$-a 'a"+ #la$-a m*-alam" masa #+",a#+$a+$a* s%a-a" $s6* +$a,a s+$s6$ #sa+a* 'a*- %sa$ ( *ill, 1>40@ Murray, 2000). K%a*'a#a* *l"+"a* 'a*- ,"la##a* +$a,a sam"<"s+$" as"* 'a*- sa#"+ a#+ m**&##a* %aa m$#a m*-alam" +"*-#a+ s+$ss 'a*- sama a+a l%" +"*--" ,a$" 'a*,"alam" 6l as"* "+ s*,"$". ((ampBell, 2000 lm.1B5) B) Taa B? A,a+as" +$a,a P*'a#"+ ,a* Pml"a*
( Paradigma dan Falsafah Keperawatan Keluarga )
12
Taa a,a+as" a,ala masa saa+ $aa+ #la$-a ,"%*-" *+# mm%a*+ #la$-a m*-a,a" s+$s6$ #sa+a*. A,a*'a *'a#"+ 'a*- s$"s ,a* #$6*"# a,a sala sa+ a*--6+a #la$-a +$+ama a,a s+$#+$ $a* ,a* la#sa*aa* *-s"
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L"*-#*-a* L"*-#*-a* a,ala #6m6** ,alam a$a,"-ma #$aa+a* 'a*mm*'a" "mlamas" sa*-a+ las %a-" #la*-s*-a* ", ma*s"a #ss*'a m*'a*-#+ s+a+s #sa+a* ss6$a*-. L"*-#*-a* 'a*,"ma#s, ,aa+ %$a l"*-#*-a* "*+$*al ,a* #s+$*al
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( Paradigma dan Falsafah Keperawatan Keluarga )
13
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K$aa+a* K$aa+a* a,ala sa+ %*+# la'a*a* #sa+a* $6ss"6*al 'a*- m$a#a* %a-"a* "*+-$al ,a$" la'a*a* #sa+a*. Pla#sa*aa**'a %$,asa$#a* a,a "lm ,a* #"a+ #$aa+a* %$%*+# la'a*a* %"6 s"#6s6s"als"$"+al 'a*- #6m$*s". D"+&#a* #a,a "*,"/", #la$-a ,a* mas'a$a#a+ %a"# sa#"+ ma* sa+ 'a*- m*a# sl$ $6ss #",a* ma*s"a. K$aa+a* m$a#a* sa+ "lm ,a* s*" 'a*- %$#a"+a* ,*-a* as"* s+*'a ml"+" ? #sa+a* %a"# "s"# m*+al ,a* s"$"+al. ( Zul!ahfi d!!, 2015) Dalam mm%$"#a* la'a*a* #sa+a* $aa+ a#a* m$aa+ a+a m*-a,a" %$%a-a" "*,"/", 'a*- *"#. S+"a "*,"/", mm"l"#" %a*'a# s-" %a"# ,alam s+$#+$ ma* ,alam *-s"*'a. I*,"/", sa$a +$s m*$s m*-a,aa#a* "*+$a#s" +$a,a l"*-#*-a* 'a*- s*a*+"asa %$%a. P$aa+ ,"a$a#a* mam m*-a*al"s"s sa$a +6$"+"s a#+6$ 'a*- a,a ,alam s+"a s"+as" ,a* m*-am%"l #+sa* 'a*- +a+. U*+# mla#sa*a#a* +-as ssa" ,*-a* +*++a* +$s%+ $aa+ a$s ,aa+ m*-a,a#a* *,#a+a* +$a,a #l"* s"*--a ,aa+ +$aa" $aa +a* 'a*- %$m+ ,alam mm*" #%+a* as"* mlal" $6ss $aa+a* sa$a m*,alam. I*+$/*s" a+a +"*,a#a* 'a*- ,"la##a* %$+&a* *+# m*#a* s+$ss6$ a+a m*"*-#a+#a* #mama* #l"* ,alam m*-a,a" s+$ss6$ mlal" a'a *-aa* $"m$ s#*,$ ,a* +$s"$. ( Zul!ahfi d!!, 2015)
2.2 P#"& P#"! $) K##"!& K#$("'
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( Paradigma dan Falsafah Keperawatan Keluarga )
14
a. Pm%$"a* asa* #$aa+a* #a,a a*--6+a #la$-a 'a*- sa#"+ %. P*-*al a+a *-ama+ masala #%+a* #sa+a* #la$-a . K66$,"*a+6$ la'a*a* #sa+a* ,a* #$aa+a* #sa+a* #la$-a ,. 9as"l"+a+6$ m*&a,"#a* la'a*a* #sa+a* "+ m,a ,"&a*-#a ,a* $aa+ m,a ,aa+ m*am*- $masalaa* 'a*- ,"a,a" #la$-a ,a* mm%a*+ m*a$"#a* &ala* maa**'a . P*,","#a* #sa+a* $aa+ ,aa+ %$$a* s%a-a" *,","# *+# m$%a $"la# #la$-a ,a$" $"la# +",a# sa+ m*&a," $"la# 'a*sa+. P$a* $aa+ #la$-a m*$+ Mu$ara! (200B) ,alam mla##a* $aa+a* #sa+a* #la$-a a,ala? a1 ,a+6$ P$aa+ #sa+a* #la$-a a$s mam mm%$"#a* *,","#a* #sa+a* #a,a #la$-a a-a$ #la$-a ,aa+ mla##a* $6-$am asa* #sa+a* #la$-a sa$a ma*,"$" ,a* %$+a*--*- &aa% +$a,a masala #sa+a* #la$-a. $1 K66$,"*a+6$ 2(oordinator ) K66$,"*as" m$a#a* sala sa+ $a* +ama $aa+ 'a*- %#$&a ,*-a* #la$-a. Kl"* 'a*- la*- ,a$" $ma sa#"+ mm$l#a* $aa+a* la*&+a* ," $ma ma#a $l #66$,"*as" la*&+a* asa* #$aa+a* ," $ma. P$6-$am #-"a+a* a+a +$a" ,a$" %$%a-a" ,"s"l"* a,a #la$-a $l la ,"#66$,"*as"#a* a-a$ +",a# +$&a," +ma*- +"*," ,alam
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%$#la*&+a* a-a$ la'a*a* 'a*- #6m$*s" ,aa+ +$aa". c1 Pla#sa*a $aa+a* ,a* *-aasa* $aa+a* la*-s*K6*+a# $+ama $aa+ #a,a #la$-a ,aa+ mlal" a*--6+a #la$-a*'a 'a*- sa#"+. P$aa+ 'a*- %#$&a ,*-a* #l"* ,a* #la$-a %a"# ," $ma #l"*"# ma* ," $ma sa#"+ %$+a*--*- &aa% ,alam mm%$"#a* $aa+a* la*-s*- a+a m*-aas" #la$-a mm%$"#a* $aa+a* a,a a*--6+a 'a*- sa#"+ ," $ma sa#"+ $aa+ mla##a* $aa+a* la*-s*- a+a ,m6*s+$as" asa* 'a*- ,"sa#s"#a* 6l #la$-a ,*-a* a$aa* #la$-a mam mla##a* ," $ma $aa+
( Paradigma dan Falsafah Keperawatan Keluarga )
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,aa+ m*,m6*s+$as"#a* ,a* m*-aas" #la$-a mla##a* $a* la*-s*- slama ," $ma sa#"+ a+a ," $ma 6l $aa+ #sa+a* mas'a$a#a+. d1 P*-aas #sa+a* P$aa+ mm*'a" +-as home +isit 'a*- +$a+$ *+# m*-",*+""#as" a+a mla##a* *-#a&"a* +*+a*- #sa+a* #la$-a. e1 K6*sl+a* a+a *asa+ P$aa+ s%a-a" *a$asm%$ %a-" #la$-a ,",alam m*-a+as" masala #sa+a*. H%*-a* $aa+#la$-a a$s ,"%"*a ,*-a* %a"# $aa+ a$s %$s"#a +$%#a ,a* ,aa+ ,"$a'a ,*-a* ,m"#"a* #la$-a ma mm"*+a *asa+ #a,a $aa+ +*+a*- masala 'a*- %$s"a+ $"%a,". Pa,a s"+as" "*" $aa+ ,"$a'a s%a-a" *a$asm%$ ,alam m*-a+as" masala #sa+a* #la$-a. f1
K6la%6$as" P$aa+ #6m*"+as &-a a$s %#$&a sama ,*-a* la'a*a* $ma sa#"+ a+a a*--6+a +"m #sa+a* 'a*- la"* *+# m*aa" +aa #sa+a* #la$-a 'a*- 6+"mal.
g1 A,/6#as" Kla$-a s$"*-#al" +",a# m*,aa+#a* la'a*a* 'a*- ssa" ," mas'a$a#a+ #a,a*- #ala #la$-a +",a# m*'a,a$" m$#a +la ,"$-"#a* s%a-a" a,/6#a+ #l"* $aa+ %$#a&"%a* ml"*,*-" a# #la$-a m"sal*'a #la$-a ,*-a* s6s"al #6*6m" 'a*- lma s"*--a #la$-a +",a# mam mm*" #%+a**'a $aa+ &-a ,aa+ mm%a*+ #la$-a m*a$" %a*+a* 'a*- m*-#"* ,aa+ mm*" #%+a* #la$-a. h1 9as"l"+a+6$ P$a* $aa+ #6m*"+as ,"s"*" a,ala mm%a*+ #la$-a ," ,alam m*-a,a" #*,ala *+# m*"*-#a+#a* ,$a&a+ #sa+a**'a. Kla$-a s$"*- +",a# ,aa+ m*&a*-#a la'a*a* #sa+a* #a$*a %$%a-a" #*,ala 'a*- a,a. K*,ala 'a*- s$"*- ,"alam" #la$-a a,ala #$a-a* ," ,alam m*--*a#a* la'a*a* #sa+a* masala #6*6m" ,a* masala s6s"al %,a'a. A-a$ ,aa+ mla#sa*a#a* $a* as"l"+a+6$ ,*-a*
( Paradigma dan Falsafah Keperawatan Keluarga )
1B
%a"# ma#a $aa+ #6m*"+as a$s m*-+a" s"s+m la'a*a* #sa+a* m"sal*'a s"s+m $&#a* ,a* ,a*a sa+. i1
P*m #ass P$a*
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m*-",*+""#as" masala #sa+a* sa$a ,"*" s"*--a +",a# +$&a," l,a#a* *'a#"+ a+a a%a. 1
M6,""#as" l"*-#*-a* P$aa+ #6m*"+as &-a a$s ,aa+ mm6,""#as" l"*-#*-a* %a"# l"*-#*-a* $ma ma* l"*-#*-a* mas'a$a#a+ a-a$ ,aa+ +$"+a l"*-#*-a* 'a*- sa+.
2.3 T('*-!('* K#$("' $) B&' K#*#+!&
U*+# ,aa+ m*aa" +&a* asa* #$aa+a* #sa+a* #la$-a #la$-a mm*'a" +-as ,alam ml"a$aa* #sa+a* a$a a*--6+a*'a ,a* sal"*- mml"a$a Friedman (1>81) mm%a-" 5 +-as #sa+a* 'a*- a$s ,"la##a* 6l #la$-a 'a"+? a.
M*-*al -a*--a* $#m%a*-a* s+"a #sa+a* a*--6+a*'a
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M*-am%"l #+sa* *+# mla##a* +"*,a#a* 'a*- +a+
.
Mm%$"#a* #$aa+a* #a,a a*--6+a #la$-a*'a 'a*- sa#"+ ,a* +",a# ,aa+ mm%a+ ,"$"*'a s*,"$" #a$*a aa+ a+a s"a*'a 'a*- +$lal m,a
,. Mm$+aa*#a* sasa*a ,"$ma 'a*- m*-+*-#a* #s+a* ,a* $#m%a*-a* #$"%a,"a* a*--6+a #la$-a .
Mm$+aa*#a* %*-a* +"m%al %al"# a*+a$ #la$-a ,a* lm%a-alm%a-a #sa+a* 'a*- m**&##a* ma*aa+a* ,*-a* %a"# as"l"+asas"l"+as #sa+a* 'a*- a,a.
2. P"&*-P"&* K##"!& K#$("'
Dalam (Setiadi, 2008) A,a %%$aa $"*s" *+"*- 'a*- $l ,"$a+"#a* ,alam mm%$"#a* asa* #$aa+a* #sa+a* #la$-a a,ala? a. Kla$-a s%a-a" *"+ a+a sa+ #sa+a* ,alam la'a*a* #sa+a*. %. Dalam mm%$"#a* asa* $aa+a* #sa+a* #la$-a sa+ s%a-a" +&a* +ama.
( Paradigma dan Falsafah Keperawatan Keluarga )
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. Asa* #$aa+a* 'a*- ,"%$"#a* s%a-a" sa$a*a ,alam m*aa" *"*-#a+a* #sa+a* #la$-a. ,. Dalam mm%$"#a* asa* #$aa+a* #la$-a $aa+ ml"%a+#a* $a* s$+a a#+" sl$ #la$-a ,alam m$ms#a* masala ,a* #%+a* #la$-a ,alam m*-a,a" masala #sa+a*. . L%" m*-+ama#a* #-"a+a*#-"a+a* 'a*- %$s"a+ $6m6+" ,a* $*+" ,*-a* +",a# m*-a%a"#a* a'a #$a+" ,a* $/*+". . Dalam mm%$"#a* asa* #$aa+a* #sa+a* #la$-a mma*aa+#a* sm%$ ,a'a #la$-a sma#s"mal m*-#"* *+# #*+"*-a* #sa+a* #la$-a. -. Sasa$a* asa* $aa+a* #sa+a* #la$-a a,ala #la$-a #sl$a*. . P*,#a+a* 'a*- ,"$-*a#a* ,alam mm%$"#a* asa* #sa+a* #la$-a a,ala
*,#a+a*
maa*
masala
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#. Iml"#as" ,a$" la'a*a* #sa+a* ,"sa+#a* #a,a #la$-a A,a %%$aa "ml"#as" ,alam m%$"a* la'a*a* #sa+a* 'a*,"sa+#a* a,a #la$-a ,"a*+a$a*'a? . Pla'a*a* #sa+a* ,a* #$aa+a* ,"a$a#a* *+# mm%a*+ sl$
#la$-a ,alam m*"*-#a+#a* a$aa$a ", sa+ s"*--a m*"*-#a+#a* $6,#+"/"+as ,a* ,$a&a+ #sa+a* #la$-a. . Ca#a* la'a*a* #sa+a* ,a* #$aa+a* l%" las #a$*a %a*'a#
a*--6+a #la$-a 'a*- ,aa+ ,"a# ,a* sm%$sm%$ #la$-a 'a*- a*,a ,aa+ ,"a$a#a* *+# m*"*-#a+#a* #sa+a* #la$-a. 4. Pla'a*a* #sa+a* ,a* #$aa+a* ,"sa+#a* #a,a #la$-a s%a-a"
sa+ #sa+a* 'a*- +. . Pla'a*a* #sa+a* ,a* #$aa+a* #la$-a ,"+#a*#a* a,a a#+a#+
$aa* ,",alam #",a* ,a* #la$-a#la$-a*'a ,*-a* $s"#6 +"*--".
( Paradigma dan Falsafah Keperawatan Keluarga )
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#. A-a$ ,aa+ m*aa" +&a* ,a* sasa$a* ,alam la'a*a* #sa+a* #la$-a
,"$l#a* #6*+"*'"+as la'a*a* a,a #la$-a#la$-a $aa* +$a,a masala #sa+a* ,a* #$aa+a*. .
P$l mm$s"a#a* +*a-a+*a-a $aa+ #sa+a* #la$-a 'a*mm*'a" #mama* 'a*- +&a* -a*,a ,alam mm%$"#a* la'a*a*.
'. P$l *-m%a*-a* ,a* *"*-#a+a* sm%$sm%$ 'a*- a,a ,alam
mas'a$a#a+ *+# #*+"*-a* asa* la'a*a* #$aa+a* #sa+a*.
BAB 3 PENUTUP
( Paradigma dan Falsafah Keperawatan Keluarga )
1>
3.1 K#*)($&
Pa$a,"-ma #$aa+a* #6m*"+as +$,"$" ,a$" ma+ #6m6** 6#6# 'a"+ ma*s"a #$aa+a* #sa+a* ,a* l"*-#*-a* (logan % 'aw!ins 1>87). S%a-a" sasa$a* $a#+"# #$aa+a* #l"* ,aa+ ,"%,a#a* m*&a," "*,"/", #la$-a ,a* mas'a$a#a+. 9alsaa 'a*- mla*,as" #$aa+a* #6m*"+as" m*-a #a,a a$a,"-ma #$aa+a* sa$a mm 'a"+ ma*s"a 'a*m$a#a* +"+"# s*+$al ,a$" s+"a a'a m%a*-*a* #sa+a* 'a*m*&*&*- +"*--" *"la"*"la" #ma*s"aa* ,a* %$+6la# ,a$" a*,a*-a* "*" ,"ss*la a$a,"-ma #$aa+a* #6m*"+as 'a*- +$,"$" a+as #6m6** ,asa$ 'a"+ ma*s"a #sa+a* (#6*s sa+sa#"+) l"*-#*-a* ,a* #$aa+a*.
3.2 S"&
Ma#ala m*-*a" J Paradigma dan Falsafah Keperawatan Komunitas3 "*" ,aa+ *l"s slsa"#a* +a*a a,a ala*-a* sa+ aa*. P*l"s sa,a$" ,alam *'s*a* mas" %a*'a# +$,aa+ ##$a*-a* 6l #a$*a "+ #$"+"# ,a* sa$a* 'a*- s"a+*'a mm%a*-* sa*-a+ ,"a$a#a*. Sa$a* *l"s sm6-a ,*-a* "*" $aa+ ,aa+ m*"*-#a+#a* #mama* ,alam m*-",*+""#as" masala #sa+a* 'a*- ,"a,a" 6l #la$-a s$+a m*"*-#a+#a* #mama* #la$-a ,alam m*a*--la*-" masalamasala #sa+a* ,asa$ ,alam #la$-a.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
( Paradigma dan Falsafah Keperawatan Keluarga )
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A&a$ s K6ma*- A' H**'. T6$" ,a* P$a#+"# Asa* K$aa+a* K6m*"+as. Ga#a$a+a? EC. a"l6* S.E. Ma-la'a A. (1>78). P$aa+a* Ksa+a* Kla$-a? Sa+ P*,#a+a* P$6ss (T$&maa*). Ga#a$+a? Ps,"#*a#s. L6-a* .. ,a* Da*#"*s (1>87). Family (enter 4ursing in the (ommunity1 Cal"6$*"a? A,,"s6* Wsl' P%l"s"*-. R. 9all* ,a* R. ," D" K. 2010. Ca+a+a* Kl"a K$aa+a* K6m*"+as. Ga#a$+a? a M,"#a. S+"a,". 2008. K6*s #$aa+a* #la$-a. Y6-'a#a$+a ? E$aa "lm. Wa"+ I%al M%a$a# ,a* $l Ca'a+"*. 200>. Ilm K$aa+a* K6m*"+as P*-a*+a$ ,a* T6$". E$s"#? Salm%a M,"#a. l#a" A-s S"*-a*+6 ,a* S6"a* Hal",. 2015. K$aa+a* K6m*"+as ,"l*-#a" P,6ma* P$a#+"s P$a#+"# K$&a Laa*-a*. Ma+a$am. 9$",ma* M. 2010. # A&a$ K$aa+a* #la$-a ? R"s+ T6$" ,a* P$a#+#. ,"s" #5. Ga#a$+a? EC. ll G.M. (1>>B). A,/a*, $a+" "* am"l' *$s"*-? * /". G6$*al 6 am"l' $s"*- 2(3) 244248. ma# 9. C*- R.C.6$*ma**T.H. (1>>B). C6*sl"*- a*, s'6+$a' "+ $-s. I* P.. P+$s* G. E. $a-*s W. G. L6**$ G. . T$m%l( ,s.) C6*sl"*- a$6ss l+$s (.2432B5). T6sa*, a#s CA?Sa-. 6++ 9. W. (1>87). 9am"l' $s"*- a*, l" +$a+*"*- "ll*ss. I* M. La' L. M. W$"-+ (,s.) 9am"l"s a*, l"+$a+*"*- "ll*ss. S$"*-6s. PA? S$"*-6s C6$6$a+"6*. $6* .R. P6l" .R" T. (2001). T s+a+ 6 al+ I*s$a* "* Cal"6$*"a? R*+ +$*,s +$ $6s+s. L6s A*-ls? UCLA C*+$ 6$ Hal+ P6l" Rsa$. $6*. S.L.(1>78). 9*+"6*s +as#s a*, s+$sss 6 a$*+"*-? Iml"a+"6*s 6$ -",a* I* L.. A$*6l, (,.). Y6$#?$**$>3). Ass +6 al+ a$? K' "*,"a+6$ 6$ 6l"'. Wal+am MA? A+6$. , S6a P. Eal,a D. (2002 Gl'). T am"l' al+ a$? A $s6*s"%"l"+' 6 + 6m* l"/"*- "* a sm $s*+a+"6* ma, a+ + 5 + "*+$*a+"6*al 9am"l' $s"*- C6*$* C"a-6. Ill"*6"s.
( Paradigma dan Falsafah Keperawatan Keluarga )
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D6$+' W.G. (1>>5). L"*#a-s %+* am"l' +6$"s a*, $"ma$' al+ a$. I* K Sa* (,.) am"l' al+ a$ (. 303>) %$' Pa$# EAL? Sa-. D6$+' W.G. a"$, M.A. (,s.). (1>87). 9am"l'*+$, m,"al a$? A l"*"al as%66#. Y6$#? E"l6$, P$ss. D6$+' W.G.Cam%ll T.L. (1>88). 9am"l"s a*, al+. %$' Pa$# CA? Sa-. Ea/a" S.M. S6# A.M. (2002). M*+al "ll*ss a*, am"l"s. I* PC. MK*$' S.G. P$"* (,s.) am"l"s a*, a*- (.22>24>) T6sa*, a#s. CA? Sa-.
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