Author:
Armin Eftekhari
Novin Parsian Co. Mar.2006
Hydraulic calculation in piping networks (Piping Training Courses)
Novin Parsian Co.
Introduction of the trainer
Mar.2006
Introduction of trainer Topics
Armin Eftekhari
Piping Network Labeling Diagram Network inlet & outlet Hydraulic Calculation Definition
Personal Information
§ §
Education
Sizing Criteria
Requirements & contract Recommendati ons Pipe Sizing Calculations COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation
§
§
Velocity Pressure drop
Marital status : Married Married Age : 34 years ( 8th Sep. 1972) 1972) Place of Birth : Tehran M.S. in Mechanical E ngineerin ngineering g (Applied Mechanics Mechanics ) [ Sep.1995 ~ Sep.1998 ] Azad University of Tehran B.S. in Mechanical Engineering Engineering (Solid Mechanics) Mechanics) [ Sep.1990 ~ Jan.1995 ] Azad University of Tehran [ Sep. 2000 until until now ] Montreal Consulting Engineering Company(Tehr Company(Tehran an / Iran) Iran) §
Professional experience
Designer of piping & auxiliary systems of power plants Design of design design criteria, s yst em description, Process Flow Diagram, Diagram, Piping & instru instrume menta ntation tion diag diagra ram, m, Gene Genera rall & equip equipme ment nt arra arrang ngem emen ent, t, Pipe Pipe route route,, Piping Piping layo layout ut,, Isomet sometri ric, c, Input nput for civil civil work work Draw Drawin ing, g, Pipin Piping g speci specifficatio ication, n, Insula nsulatio tion n spec specif ifica icatio tion, n, Prep Prepar arat atio ion n of line line list, list, valv alve list, list, equi equipm pmen entt list, list, stres stress s anal analysis, ysis, MTO( MTO(Ma Mate teri ria al take take off), sup supportin rting g, sizin sizing g &pre &pressu ssurre drop rop calc calcul ula atio tion of the the following following systems : Natural gas system Gas oil system Auxiliary c ooling system Compressed Compressed air sy stem Lube oil system §
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Example 1
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Novin Parsian Co.
Introduction of the trainer
Mar.2006
Introduction of trainer Topics
Armin Eftekhari
Piping Network Labeling Diagram Network inlet & outlet Hydraulic Calculation Definition
Personal Information
§ §
Education
Sizing Criteria
Requirements & contract Recommendati ons Pipe Sizing Calculations COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation
§
§
Velocity Pressure drop
Marital status : Married Married Age : 34 years ( 8th Sep. 1972) 1972) Place of Birth : Tehran M.S. in Mechanical E ngineerin ngineering g (Applied Mechanics Mechanics ) [ Sep.1995 ~ Sep.1998 ] Azad University of Tehran B.S. in Mechanical Engineering Engineering (Solid Mechanics) Mechanics) [ Sep.1990 ~ Jan.1995 ] Azad University of Tehran [ Sep. 2000 until until now ] Montreal Consulting Engineering Company(Tehr Company(Tehran an / Iran) Iran) §
Professional experience
Designer of piping & auxiliary systems of power plants Design of design design criteria, s yst em description, Process Flow Diagram, Diagram, Piping & instru instrume menta ntation tion diag diagra ram, m, Gene Genera rall & equip equipme ment nt arra arrang ngem emen ent, t, Pipe Pipe route route,, Piping Piping layo layout ut,, Isomet sometri ric, c, Input nput for civil civil work work Draw Drawin ing, g, Pipin Piping g speci specifficatio ication, n, Insula nsulatio tion n spec specif ifica icatio tion, n, Prep Prepar arat atio ion n of line line list, list, valv alve list, list, equi equipm pmen entt list, list, stres stress s anal analysis, ysis, MTO( MTO(Ma Mate teri ria al take take off), sup supportin rting g, sizin sizing g &pre &pressu ssurre drop rop calc calcul ula atio tion of the the following following systems : Natural gas system Gas oil system Auxiliary c ooling system Compressed Compressed air sy stem Lube oil system §
§ § § §
Example 1
§
Novin Parsian Co.
Introduction of the trainer
Mar.2006
Introduction of trainer Topics
Armin Eftekhari
Piping Network Labeling Diagram Network inlet & outlet
Professional experience
§ §
Hydraulic Calculation Definition
§ §
Sizing Criteria
Production & Supply water system Air conditioning system Plumbing System Chemical drain & sewage system
Mechanical Cordinator Kazeroon Gas Turbine Power Plants Damavand Damavand Gas Turbine Turbine Power P lants Sanadaj Gas Turbine Power Plants Shirvan Gas Turbine Power Plants §
Velocity
§
Pressure drop Requirements & contract Recommendati ons
§ §
Additional professional profes sional skills
Pipe Sizing Calculations COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation Example 1
Trainings Languages
Head Of piping Group Working with the following soft wares: Windows Windows 2000 / XP ,Word , E xcel, Ac cess, Power Power point, Front Front Page Auto cad , Microstation ,Caesar II, Cadw Cadworx , Pipe net, net, Trace calculator , Insulation calc ulator,PDS ulator,PDS Working with the following Computer languages: Matlab, Matlab, Qbasic, Fortran Fortran Excel, Cadworx, Caesar II ,Micro station,Siemens technology transfer for combined cycl es(Equipment es(Equipment & General General Modules) English( fluent in specking, Reading & writing) Farsi(Native Language) Language)
Novin Parsian Co. Mar.2006
Schedule Introduction of trainer
Topics
Topics Piping Network Labeling Diagram Network inlet & outlet Hydraulic Calculation Definition Sizing Criteria
1- Piping Network
2- Labeling Diagram
7- Steady single phase compressible & incompressible flow in piping systems
3- Inlets and Outlets
8- Sequence of simulation
4- Hydraulic Calculation
9- Example #1
Velocity Pressure drop Requirements & contract Recommendati ons Pipe Sizing Calculations COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation Example 1
10- Example #2 5- Sizing Criteria 5.1- Velocity 11-Introduction of pipe net Software 5.2- Pressure drop 5.3- System requirements & contract (client) recommendations 6- Pipe sizing calculation
Novin Parsian Co.
Basic Definitions Introduction of trainer
Mar.2006
1- Piping Network
Topics Piping Network Labeling Diagram Network inlet & outlet Hydraulic Calculation Definition Sizing Criteria Velocity Pressure drop Requirements & contract Recommendati ons Pipe Sizing Calculations COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation Example 1
In general, networks consist of a number of components (Pipes, Ducts, Pumps, Valves, Filters, Orifice Plates, Fixed Pressure Drops and Nozzles) all connected together. The points at which the components may be joined to other components are referred to as nodes. Consider, for example, the simple system shown below, which consists of a single pipe with a nozzle on one end. A fluid enters at theopen end of the pipe and is discharged through the nozzle.
Novin Parsian Co.
Basic Definitions Introduction of trainer
Mar.2006
This network can be represented schematically by the diagram shown below.
Topics Piping Network Labeling Diagram Network inlet & outlet Hydraulic Calculation Definition Sizing Criteria Velocity Pressure drop Requirements & contract Recommendati ons Pipe Sizing Calculations COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation Example 1
2- Labeling Diagram Notice how the pipe, nozzle and nodes have each been given a label. When preparing a network for simulation every component and ever y node must be given a label which identifies it uniquely. The production of a fully labelled schematic diagram is an essential part of any simulation.Labels may either be tagged or untagged.
Novin Parsian Co.
Basic Definitions Introduction of trainer Topics Piping Network Labeling Diagram Network inlet & outlet Hydraulic Calculation Definition
Mar.2006
Labels can be tagged or untagged.Tags can be used to make labels more meaningful, and to allow sections of large networks to be more easily identified. In our schematic diagram we have labeled the pipe as P/1(tagged label), the nozzle as 100(untaged label), and the nodes as 1 and 2(untaged label). 3- Inlets and Outlets
Sizing Criteria Velocity Pressure drop Requirements & contract Recommendati ons Pipe Sizing Calculations COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation Example 1
In the drawing of a network ,each pipe, pump, valve and filter component should have two nodes (one at each end). One of these nodes is designated the component's input node and the other is designated its output node. Note that fluid does not necessarily flow from the input node to the output node.
Novin Parsian Co.
Sizing Introduction of trainer
4- Hydraulic Calculation
Topics Piping Network
-Sizing calculation.
Labeling Diagram Network inlet & outlet Hydraulic Calculation Definition
-Pressure Drop calculation. -Adjust/Regulate/Control of the piping systems.
Sizing Criteria Velocity Pressure drop Requirements & contract Recommendati ons
5- Sizing Criteria 1-Velocity.
Pipe Sizing Calculations COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation Example 1
2-Pressure drop. 3-System requirements and contract (client) recommendations.
Mar.2006
Novin Parsian Co.
Sizing Introduction of trainer
Mar.2006
5.1- Velocity
Topics Piping Network
High velocity in piping systems increases the following effects:
Labeling Diagram Network inlet & outlet Hydraulic Calculation Definition
-Pressure Drop. -Pipe corrosion.
Sizing Criteria Velocity
-Water hammer.
Pressure drop Requirements & contract Recommendati ons Pipe Sizing Calculations COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation Example 1
-Noise (sound) emission. In the other hand low velocities increases pipe diameter (Increase the total cost) and also increase the possibility of illuviation (Sedimentation) in a piping systems. For fluid velocities of different systems it is better to refer to the piping hand books.
Novin Parsian Co.
Basic Definitions Introduction of trainer
Mar.2006
5.2- Pressure drop
Topics Piping Network Labeling Diagram Network inlet & outlet Hydraulic Calculation Definition Sizing Criteria
Generally if is preferable to reduce pressure drop in piping system as far as possible because : -To decreases the size of pump or compressor (Cost reduction). -To reduces the initial pressure (i.e. in case of gravity flows).
Velocity Pressure drop Requirements & contract Recommendati ons
-To decreases the energy losses. -To reduce down stream velocity of gases and also the related corrosion and noise emission.
Pipe Sizing Calculations COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation Example 1
For admissible pressure drop for different media system it is better to refer to piping hand books (For example for Water it is 2.5 m/100m and for natural gas the total pressure drop shall be less than 10% of initial pressure).
Novin Parsian Co.
Basic Definitions Introduction of trainer
Mar.2006
5.3 -System requirements & contract (client) recommendations
Topics Piping Network Labeling Diagram Network inlet & outlet Hydraulic Calculation Definition Sizing Criteria
Some times we have to meet some conditions in Terminal points / input/out put points (according to technical matters, contract specifications or client requirements). For example: - For a long water piping system with gravity flow may be it is needed to use velocities less than what was mentioned before.
Velocity Pressure drop Requirements & contract Recommendati ons Pipe Sizing Calculations COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation Example 1
- For a system with predefined flow characteristics in inlet and out let points (flow characteristics have been defined in terminal points). -Climatic conditions.
Novin Parsian Co. Mar.2006
Sizing Introduction of trainer
6- Pipe sizing calculation
Topics Piping Network Labeling Diagram Network inlet & outlet Hydraulic Calculation Definition Sizing Criteria
Suppose that a pipe shall deliver a media with density of r and flow rate of m’ then : r =
Q 0
m 0
Þ
Q 0
=
m 0
0
= r ´ Q
A´ V
Velocity Pressure drop Requirements & contract Recommendati ons Pipe Sizing Calculations
A=
p
4
Hence : 0
m
= r ´
COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation Example 1
2
D i
D i = 2
p
4
2
D i
Q 0 p ´ V
´ V
or D i = 2
m 0 r ´ p ´ V
Novin Parsian Co. Mar.2006
Sizing Introduction of trainer
Where;
r =
Liquid Density [kg/m³] , m’=mass flow rate [kg/s] ,
Topics Piping Network
Q’=Volumetric flow rate [m ³/s] , A=Pipe cross section area [m ²] ,
Labeling Diagram Network inlet & outlet Hydraulic Calculation Definition
V=Admissible flow velocity (to be taken from the table) [m/s] ,
D i = Internal pipe diameter [m]
Sizing Criteria Velocity Pressure drop Requirements & contract Recommendati ons
After calculation of the pipe inside diameter ,according to the pipe schedule and pipe dimension standard the suitable nominal diameter is selected. Now the actual velocity of the medium in the pipe shall be calculated according to the selected nominal diameter.
Pipe Sizing Calculations COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation Example 1
Note: The metal pipe dimensions are basically according to ANSI B36.10 or API 5L.Also for PE pipe please refer to DIN 8074.
Novin Parsian Co. Mar.2006
Flow of fluids Introduction of trainer
7- STEADY SINGLE-PHASE COMPRESSIBLE FLOW IN PIPING
Topics Piping Network Labeling Diagram
According to Darcy formula , the friction head loss in an incompressible fluid is calculated from the following formula :
Network inlet & outlet Hydraulic Calculation Definition Sizing Criteria
H f = f
L V 2 ´
D i
2 g
2
Þ DP f = r ´
DP f = r ´ g ´ H f
f ´
L V ´
D i
2
Velocity Pressure drop Requirements & contract Recommendati ons Pipe Sizing Calculations COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation Example 1
Where ;
H f = Friction Head loss [m] L=Pipe Length [m] ,
r = Liquid
f = Darcy Friction Factor Density [kg/m3] , V=Fluid velocity [m/s]
D i = Internal Diameter Of pipe [m] , g=Gravity acceleration [9.81 m/s ²]
Novin Parsian Co. Mar.2006
Flow of fluids Introduction of trainer
The Darcy friction factor is obtained from the following formula :
Topics Piping Network Labeling Diagram Network inlet & outlet Hydraulic Calculation Definition Sizing Criteria Velocity Pressure drop Requirements & contract Recommendati ons Pipe Sizing Calculations COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation Example 1
f =
64 Re
(for laminar flow : Re<2000 )
Expressions for calculating the loss of pressure in turbulent flow are based upon experimental data. For complete turbulence zone (Re>3000) the following has been developed by Colebrook: 1 f
= -1.768 ´ Ln (0.27
e
D i
+
1.252 Re
) f
Where : e = Roughness [mm] , Re=Reynolds No.=
r VD i m
m = Fluid viscosity [cp]
For transitional flow (2000
Novin Parsian Co.
Flow of fluids Introduction of trainer Topics Piping Network Labeling Diagram Network inlet & outlet Hydraulic Calculation Definition Sizing Criteria Velocity Pressure drop Requirements & contract Recommendati ons Pipe Sizing Calculations COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation Example 1
Mar.2006
Novin Parsian Co. Mar.2006
Flow of fluids Introduction of trainer Topics Piping Network Labeling Diagram Network inlet & outlet
Pressure losses which occur in piping systems due to bends, elbows, joints, valves, and so forth are called form losses. For the recommended values of local flow resistance coefficients (K-factors) please refer to Crane Flow of Fluids. H fittings
=
K ´
Hydraulic Calculation Definition Sizing Criteria Velocity Pressure drop Requirements & contract Recommendati ons Pipe Sizing Calculations COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation Example 1
V 2 2 g
Þ DP fittings = r ´ K ´
V 2 2
Where; r = Liquid Density [kg/m3] , V=Fluid velocity [m/s]
H fittings
=
Head loss due to the fittings [m] , K=Fittings resistance coefficient
DP fittings =
Pressure drop due to fittings [Pascal]
Form losses may also be expressed in terms of the equivalent length Le of pipe that has the same pressure head loss for the same flow rate; thus f
L e D i
´
V 2 2 g
=
K ´
V 2 2 g
Þ
L e = K
D i f
Novin Parsian Co. Mar.2006
Flow of fluids Introduction of trainer Topics Piping Network
With this formula according to k factor of each fitting the relevant equivalent length will be obtained. For quick calculations a chart has been provided in Crane Flow of fluids.
Labeling Diagram Network inlet & outlet Hydraulic Calculation Definition Sizing Criteria
The pressure loss due to elevation changes in a pipe section will be calculated by the following formula : DP static = r g ( z 2 -
z 1 )
Velocity Pressure drop Requirements & contract Recommendati ons Pipe Sizing Calculations COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation Example 1
Hence the total pressure drop of a piping system will be obtained as follow : DP total = DP friction + DP fittings + DP static + DP otheres
Where DP otheres is belong to any other equipment or accessory in the system. DP total = r (
f
L D i
+
K )
V 2 2
+ r g ( z 2 - z 1 ) + DP others
Novin Parsian Co.
Flow of Fluids Introduction of trainer
Mar.2006
8- Sequence of simulation
Topics Piping Network Labeling Diagram Network inlet & outlet Hydraulic Calculation Definition
-Prepare a pipe route (single line) according to the technical specification and system requirements. -Specify the process characteristics of flow in I/O points (Regarding to the Terminal point data, consumers and also system component specifications)
Sizing Criteria Velocity Pressure drop Requirements & contract Recommendati ons Pipe Sizing Calculations COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation Example 1
-Specify each pipe section and its node numbers and extract its relevant information from the pipe route and technical specifications (length of the pipe section, its start & end nodes identification, its fitting, fixed pressure drops,…). -Calculate the pipe size of each pipe section (see page 12). -Calculate the total pressure drop in each pipe section. It is noted that out put pressure of each pipe section shall be used as input pressure of the next pipe section.
Novin Parsian Co.
Flow of Fluids-Example 1 Introduction of trainer Topics
Mar.2006
-The total pressure drop is the difference between inlet pressure of the first
pipe section and outlet pressure of the farthest pipe section.
Piping Network Labeling Diagram Network inlet & outlet Hydraulic Calculation Definition Sizing Criteria Velocity Pressure drop Requirements & contract Recommendati ons
Example #1 : Please specify the pressure of out put points (consumers) for the water distribution system in the next page. It is noted that according to piping specification of contract the pipe schedule for all size shall be Sch. STD commercial pipe and water temp is 15 ºc.Also according to the strainer data sheet the maximum pressure drop of the strainer at dirty condition is 0.2 bar. Regarding to the piping specification All the bends are long radius (R=1.5D). The minimum pressure in inlet terminal point is 8 barg .The elevation of the inlet terminal point is 800 MSL. Solution :
Pipe Sizing Calculations COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation Example 1
Step 1 & 2: Regarding to the technical specification and I/O process characteristics a pipe route has been prepared in the next page. Step 3:In sheet after each pipe section and its relevant nodes has been identified.
Novin Parsian Co.
Flow of Fluids-Example 1 Introduction of trainer Topics Piping Network Labeling Diagram Network inlet & outlet Hydraulic Calculation Definition Sizing Criteria Velocity Pressure drop Requirements & contract Recommendati ons Pipe Sizing Calculations COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation Example 1
Mar.2006
Novin Parsian Co.
Flow of Fluids-Example 1 Introduction of trainer Topics Piping Network Labeling Diagram Network inlet & outlet Hydraulic Calculation Definition Sizing Criteria Velocity Pressure drop Requirements & contract Recommendati ons Pipe Sizing Calculations COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation Example 1
Mar.2006
Novin Parsian Co. Mar.2006
Flow of Fluids-Example 1 Introduction of trainer
Piping geometry information
Topics Piping Network Labeling Diagram
Item
Pipe Section
Input node
Out put node
Input node elevation [m]
Out put node elevation [m]
Length [m]
List of Fittings
1
P/1
1
2
800
805
35
90 Elbow : 1 Gate valve : 1 check valve :1
-
2
P/2
2
3
805
805
180
Tee branch : 1 90 Elbow : 1 Globe valve : 1
-
3
P/3
2
4
805
805
165
Tee branch : 1 90 Elbow : 1
0.2 (Strainer)
4
P/4
4
5
805
798
72
Tee run : 1 90 Elbow : 1 Globe valve : 1
-
5
P/5
4
6
805
811
6
Tee branch : 1 Ball valve : 1
-
Network inlet & outlet Hydraulic Calculation Definition
º
Sizing Criteria Velocity Pressure drop Requirements & contract Recommendati ons Pipe Sizing Calculations COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation Example 1
Other pressure loss [bar]
º
º
º
Novin Parsian Co. Mar.2006
Flow of Fluids-Example 1 Introduction of trainer
Pipe size calculation :
Topics Piping Network Labeling Diagram
For pipe section P/1:Q ’=235 m³/h , V = 3 m/s (Acc. To the admissible velocity) Hence:
Network inlet & outlet
0
D i = 2
Hydraulic Calculation Definition
Q
p ´ V
D i = 166
Sizing Criteria
=
2
235 / 3600 p ´ 3
= 0.166
m
mm
Velocity Pressure drop Requirements & contract Recommendati ons
Pipe sch. is STD. There fore according to the standard dimension the Nominal Diameter is selected: DN 150 , Sch STD →Di = 154.08 mm
Pipe Sizing Calculations COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation Example 1
DN 200 , Sch STD →Di = 202.74 mm →DN
200(Sch. STD) selected.
→Di=202.74
Novin Parsian Co.
Flow of Fluids-Example 1 Introduction of trainer Topics Piping Network
Mar.2006
0
→
V =
Q
2 i
p / 4 ´ D
® V =
2.022
m / s (actual velocity)
In the same way the size of the other pipe sections obtained as follow:
Labeling Diagram Network inlet & outlet Hydraulic Calculation Definition Sizing Criteria Velocity
For pipe section P/2:Q ’=80 m³/h , V = 3 m/s Hence: Di=0.097 →DN 100(Sch. STD) selected. →Di=102.26 mm ,V=2.706 m/s For pipe section P/3:Q ’=155 m³/h , V = 3 m/s Hence: Di=0.135 →DN 150(Sch. STD) selected. →Di=154.08 mm ,V=2.309 m/s
Pressure drop Requirements & contract Recommendati ons Pipe Sizing Calculations COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation Example 1
For pipe section P/4:Q ’=110 m³/h , V = 3 m/s Hence: Di=0.114 →DN 125(Sch. STD) selected. →Di=128.20 mm ,V=2.367 m/s For pipe section P/5:Q ’=45 m³/h , V = 3 m/s Hence: Di=0.073 →DN 80(Sch. STD) selected. →Di=77.92 mm ,V=2.621 m/s Now all of the pipe section has sized. Next step is pressure drop calculation.
Novin Parsian Co. Mar.2006
Flow of Fluids-Example 1 Introduction of trainer Topics
For pipe section P/1: pipe size is DN 200 then according to table A26 of Crane hand book pipe friction factor is obtained : f T = 0.014
Piping Network Labeling Diagram Network inlet & outlet Hydraulic Calculation Definition Sizing Criteria
The fittings are : 90º Elbow : 1
K 1
= 14 ´
K 2
= 8´
→
Gate valve : 1
→
f T = 14 ´ 0.014 Þ K 1
f T = 8 ´ 0.014 Þ K 1
=
=
0.196 (From table A29)
0.112
(From table A27)
Velocity Pressure drop Requirements & contract Recommendati ons Pipe Sizing Calculations COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation Example 1
check valve :1 → K 3 = 100 ´ f T = 100 ´ 0.014 Þ K 1 = 1.4 (From table A27) →
K = K 1 + K 2 + K 3
®
K = 1.708
The roughness of the commercial steel pipes is 0.0457mm,hence the relative roughness will be calculated as follow :
RR =
e
D i
=
0.0457 202.74
=
0.000225
Novin Parsian Co. Mar.2006
Flow of Fluids-Example 1 Introduction of trainer
The Reynolds number is :
Topics Piping Network Labeling Diagram Network inlet & outlet Hydraulic Calculation Definition Sizing Criteria Velocity
Re =
r VD
=
999kg / m 3 ´ 2.022m / s ´ 0.20274m 0.001
m
Pa s .s
=
4.095 ´105
By referring to Darcy friction factor chart (see page 16) The Darcy friction Factor is obtained : f = 0.0151 By reviewing pipe section geometry information it is seen that the input node elevation is 800m and out put node elevation is 805.
Pressure drop Requirements & contract Recommendati ons Pipe Sizing Calculations COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation Example 1
The total pressure loss of the first pipe section will be : DP total = r ( f
L
+ K )
V 2
+ r g ( z 2 - z 1 ) = 999(0.0151´
D i 2 + 999 ´ 9.81´ (805 - 800) = 57671 .6
35 0.20274
+ 1.708) ´
2.0222 2
Pascal
In the same way the pressure drop of the other pipe sections obtained as follow:
Novin Parsian Co. Mar.2006
Flow of Fluids-Example 1 Introduction of trainer
Item
Pipe Section
Fittings K Factor
Relative Roughness
Reynolds Number
Darcy Pipe Friction Factor
Total Pressure Drop [Pascal]
Total Pressure Drop [bar]
1
P/1
1.708
0.000225
4.095x100,000
0.0147
57671.6
0.576
2
P/2
7.038
0.000447
2.764 x100,000
0.0180
141627.7
1.416
3
P/3
1.11
0.000297
3.554x100,000
0.0165
50010.9
0.500
4
P/4
5.984
0.000356
3.031x100,000
0.0172
-24821.2
-0.248
5
P/5
1.134
0.000586
2.040x100,000
0.0192
67765.4
0.678
Topics Piping Network Labeling Diagram Network inlet & outlet Hydraulic Calculation Definition Sizing Criteria Velocity Pressure drop Requirements & contract Recommendati ons Pipe Sizing Calculations COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation Example 1
Novin Parsian Co. Mar.2006
Flow of Fluids-Example 1 Introduction of trainer
As it is seen from the Pipe nodes arrangement :
Topics Piping Network Labeling Diagram Network inlet & outlet Hydraulic Calculation Definition
P node #3
=
P node #1 - DP pipe -sec tion #1 - DP pipe -sec tion # 2
P node #6
=
P node #1 - DP pipe -sec tion #1 - DP pipe -sec tion #3 - DP pipe -sec tion #5
P node #5
=
P node #1 - DP pipe -sec tion #1 - DP pipe -sec tion #3 - DP pipe -sec tion # 4
Þ Sizing Criteria Velocity Pressure drop Requirements & contract Recommendati ons Pipe Sizing Calculations COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation Example 1
P node #3
= 8 - 0.576 - 1.416 =
6.008
P node #6
= 8 - 0.576 - 0.500 - 0.678 =
6.246
bar
P node #5
= 8 - 0.576 - 0.500 + 0.248 =
7.172
bar
bar
Novin Parsian Co.
Introduction of soft ware Topics Piping Network Labeling Diagram Network inlet & outlet Hydraulic Calculation Definition Sizing Criteria Velocity Pressure drop Requirements & contract Recommendati ons Pipe Sizing Calculations COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation Example 1
Introduction of software
Pipe Net Standard Module
Mar.2006
Novin Parsian Co.
Introduction of soft ware Topics Piping Network Labeling Diagram Network inlet & outlet
Mar.2006
What is pipe net ? The PIPENET suite of programs has been designed to enable the accurate simulation of fluid through a network of pipes and other components.
Hydraulic Calculation Definition Sizing Criteria Velocity Pressure drop Requirements & contract Recommendati ons Pipe Sizing Calculations COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation Example 1
Introduction of software
The full suite of programs consists of the following modules: 1-Standard Module: For general flow analysis of the single phase flow of liquids and gases. 2-Spray / Sprinkler Module: Specifically for the design of fire protection systems (deluge, ring main or sprinkler) in accordance with NFPA rules . 3-Transient Module: For the analysis of transient flow in all types of network employing a liquid. It has many applications including predicting pressure surges, calculating hydraulic transient forces and modeling control systems.
Novin Parsian Co.
Introduction of soft ware
Mar.2006
Topics Piping Network Labeling Diagram Network inlet & outlet Hydraulic Calculation Definition Sizing Criteria Velocity
Applications -Powerful tool in the design (sizing & pressure drop calculation) of piping systems contain single phase steady flow of liquids and gases. -It is also a flexible tool for simulation of ducts, pumps, fans, filters, control valves, non-return valves, orifice plates, nozzles and fixed pressure drops in the piping systems.
Pressure drop Requirements & contract Recommendati ons Pipe Sizing Calculations COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation Example 1
Introduction of software
-It can be used as an aid in designing a new network of pipes with appropriate pipe sizes and ensuring that the system s pecification requirements are met. It can also be used to investigate the consequences of blocked or broken pipes in the network.
Novin Parsian Co.
Introduction of soft ware Topics Piping Network Labeling Diagram
Mar.2006
What is the advantage of this soft ware: - A large number of inputs and outputs.
Network inlet & outlet Hydraulic Calculation Definition Sizing Criteria
- Units - Metric, SI, British, US or User defined. - Networks comprising any arrangement of branches, grids and loops.
Velocity Pressure drop Requirements & contract Recommendati ons Pipe Sizing Calculations COMPRESSIBL E FLOW IN PIPING Sequence Of Simulation Example 1
Introduction of software
- Open and closed loop systems. - Incompressible and compressible fluids. - Fluids at a fixed or variable temperature. - Built-in fittings and pipe schedules and user defined fittings, pipe schedules and fluids.