Filipino Revolts Revolts are categorized into (3) three: Personal and Religious. Resistance to Spanish imposed economic and religious institutions. Land problems
Personal Motives The revolts were personally led by former barangay datus and maharlikas, as well as babaylans and katalonas, who had lost their prestige and power in their communities with the coming of the Spaniards, and were supplanted by leaders chosen by the Spaniards and by the Spanish friars. Lakandula and Soliman Revolt in 1574 due to sequestration of their landed properties and even toleration of the encomendero’s abuse and oppression of their people. The conspiracy of the maharlikas headed by Agustin de Legazpi and Martin Pangan. In 1621-22, an outlawed babaylan, Tamblot of Bohol employed magic and religion in alluring the unbelieving people to abandon Christianity and to return to their former beliefs. In no time, he was crushed by Juan de Alcarazo, alcalde mayor of Cebu. The rebellion in Carigara (Leyte), led by Bankaw, Datu of Limasawa Francisco Dagohoy’s revolt in Bohol. This was the longest revolt in Philippine history taking 85 years to quell (1744- 1829). Silang Revolt in Ilocos Palaris Revolt in Pangasinan Magtangaga Revolt in Cagayan
Religious Motives Two Christianized Isnegs of Northwest Cagayan, Miguel Lanab and Alalaban of Capinatan (Apayao), revolted in 1625, by mutilating and beheading the Dominicans Fr. Alonzo Garcia and Bro. Onofre Palao. A nativist revolt with religious overtones was led by Tapar in Oton, Iloilo, whom proclaimed himself, “God Almighty”.
The Magtangaga Revolt in Cagayan in October 1718 led by Francisco Rivera, a vissionary who appropriated for himself the title of “Papa Rey”. Ermano Apolinario de la Cruz’s revolt which was divided into two phases: phase 1 from 1832- 1841 was from the founding of the Confradia de San Jose in 1832 to the death of Dela Cruz in 1841, and phase 2 from 1870- 71, with the revival of the Confradia in 1870, terminating with the revolt and capture of Januario Labios in 1871.
Resistance to Spanish- Imposed Institutions Among the major rebellions belonging to this class were those in the late 16th century led by Magalat of Cagayan, the Sumodoy and the CARAGA revolts in the 17th century.
Name of Revolt
Date
Place
Cause
Leader Lakandula
Result
Lakandula
1574
Tondo, Navotas
Failure of Gov. Lavezares to fulfill Legazpis’ promise to Lakandula
Failed
Pampanga
1585
Pampanga
Abuses of Spanish Encomienderos
Todo
1587-1588
Tondo, Cuyo, Calamianes
Desire for Independence
Cagayan- Ilocos
1589
Cagayan, Ilocos Norte
Refusal to pay tributes, tyranny of tribute collectors
Magalat
1596
Cagayan
Abuses of the Tribute Collectors
Igorot
1601
Northern Luzon
Desire for religious toleration
Irrayas
1621
Cagayan Valley
Oppression of the Indios by the Spanish officials
Felipe Cutabay, Gabriel Dayag
It was not materialized due to Fr. Pedro Sto. Tomas preaching.
Tamblot
1621- 1622
Bohol
Desire to abandon Christianity and return to old religious faith
Babaylan Tamblot
It was suppressed by the Spaniards and Cebuanos.
Bankaw
1621
Leyte
Desire for Religious Toleration
Bankaw Pagali
Failed
Cagayan
1625, 1627, 1639
Cagayan
Miguel Lanab, Aldaban
Failed. Leaders were pardoned and later killed when they revolted anew.
Caraga
1629- 1631
Caraga, Northern Mindanao
Desire for independence and punishment of a woman whom displeases certain Spanish officials Dissatisfaction of townspeople to Spanish rule
Cagayan
1639
Cagayan
Dissatisfaction with Spanish rule
Ladia
1643
Malolos, Bulacan and
Weariness from Spanish
Failed. A woman betrayed the revolt. Magat Salamat, Martin Pangan, Juan Banal, Pedro Balingit
Failed because the plot was discovered. Leaders were executed. Failed. Easily suppressed.
Magalat
Failed. Hired Assasins killed the Magalat. Failed
Failed
It was suppressed.
Pedro Ladia
Failed
Southern Luzon.
oppression.
Visayan
1649- 1650
Eastern Visayas, Northern Mindanao, Zamboanga
Caused by Gov. Fajardo’s order to send Visayan laborers tyo Cavite for shipbuilding
Juan Ponce Sumoroy and Pedro Caamug
Leaders were captured and were beheaded.
Pampanga
1660- 1661
Bacoor, Cavite and Pampanga
Failure of officials to pay rice purchased; repeated requirements for polo y servico
Francisco Maniago
General amnesty granted to rebels. Initial payment for services.
Pangasinan
1660- 1661
Binalatongan, Pangasinan
Quarrel between Fr. Gorospe and Malong
Andres Malong and Pedro Gumpaos
Failed
Ilocos
1661
San Nicolas, Bacarra, Laog, Ilocos
Spanish aggression
Juan Magsanop, Pedro Almazan and Gaspar Cristobal
Failed. Leaders were executed.
Panay
1663
Oton,panay
Desire to put up a modified form of Christianity
Tapar
It was suppressed
Agrarian
1745-1746
Bulacan, Morong (Rizal), Cavite, Laguna
Usurpation of Filipino lands by religious orders.
Matienza
Failed
Dagohoy
1744-1828
Bohol
Refusal of Fr. Morales to give Dagohoy’s brother a Christian Burial.
Francisco Dagohoy
Failed but rebels were pardoned.
Silang
1762-1763
Ilocos
Desire to expel the Spaniards from Ilocos.
Diego silang and Gabriela Silang.
Failed. Diego was assasinated .
Palaris
1762- 1765
Pangasinan
Demand for reforms especially the changing of local officials
Juan Dela Cruz Palaris
Failed. Palaris was executed
Basi
1807
Ilocos
Government monopoly of basi manufacturing
Pedro Mateo
Failed. Rebels were crushed by government troops.
Hermano Pule
1840- 1841
Quezon Province
Being a native, Pule was denied to be admitted as a monk. He founded the religious brotherhood, Confradia De San Jose, which the government outlawed and ordered to be dissolved.
Apolinario dela Cruz
Failed
Moro Resistance Most united groups were the Muslims. They were bounded by Islam. Continuous military expeditions failed to subdue them. They fought back by raiding the coastal towns under Spain.
Reasons why all these revolts failed: I. II. III.
Absence of National leader Lukewarm spirit of nationalism among Filipinos Inadequate training and preparation for warfare
The Development & Growth of Filipino Nationalism. Nationalism It is the love of one’s country and people. It is a feeling of oneness that binds the people to a common past and a common identity. It includes pride in one’s cultural heritage, support for the country’s aspirations, patriotism and advocacy of national independence.
What facilitated the development of Filipino nationalism? 1. Influx of liberal ideas from Europe 2. Introduction of modern technology 3. The opening of Philippines to world trade 4. The opening of the Suez Canal – traveling to other countries exposed the Filipinos to modern ideas of liberty. 5. The rise of new middle class- occupied a high position in society because of their wealth and prestige. They also criticized the unequal treatment of the Spaniards to the Filipinos. 6. Secularization Issue Two kinds of priest during the Spanish Regime Regular - Spanish priests who belong to any of the religious orders.
Secular - Priest who obtained their religious training in the Philippines who were under the direct control of the bishops and archbishops.
Filipino priests were not only denied access to the parishes but some of them were removed from their parishes to accommodate the regulars . This event turned out to be a racial discrimination against Filipino secular priests. 7. Cavite Mutiny- Soldiers and workers at the Cavite Arsenal rebelled against the withdrawal of their privileges of non-payment of taxes and exemption from forced labor. 8. Trial and execution of GOMBURZA 9. Disillusionment over Spanish rule- common sufferings under tyrannical rule of the Spaniards fostered a feeling of unity among Filipinos.
The Propaganda Movement It was not a radical agitation to overthrow Spanish rule by a bloody revolution but instead it was a peaceful campaign following these aims: Equality of Filipinos and the Spaniards before the law Assimilation of the Philippines as a regular province of Spain Restoration of Philippine representation in the Cortes, the law making body of Spain Filipinization of Philippine parishes Individual liberties for the Filipinos, such as freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom to assembly and freedom of petition for action on all complaints. The members were from the middle class families representing the group of Filipino Intelegencia.
Jose Rizal: the greatest novelist of the movement.
He wrote his poetical masterpiece entitled Mi Ultimo Adios (My Last Farewell) Noli Me Tangere (1887) El Felibusterismo (1891)
La Solidaridad The official organ/ magazine of the Propaganda Movement
Graciano Lopez Jaena served as the first editor The first issue was published in Barcelona Spain on February 15, 1889
Aims of La Solidaridad: To work for political and social reforms peacefully To present the sad conditions in the Philippines so that Spain can remedy them To oppose the evil influences of reaction and outmoded beliefs and practices To advocate liberal ideas and progress To champion the just aspirations of the Filipinos to life, democracy and happiness
Pen names of the Members: Marcelo H. Del Pilar- Plaridel Jose Rizal- Laong Laan and Dimasalang Mariano Ponce- Naning, Tikbalang or Kalipulako Antonio Luna- Taga-ilog Jose Ma. Panganiban- Jomapa Dominador Gomez- Ramiro Franco
La Asociacion Hispano-Filipino Established in January 12, 1889 A civic society in Madrid of the propagandists and their Spanish friends
Miguel Morayta was the first president La Politica de España en Felipinas Organized to fight against the La Solidaridad.
Jose Feced was the editor of this magazine.
La Liga Filipina Unus instar Omnium (One like All) Founded by Jose Rizal July 03, 1892 at Ilaya Street in Tondo The constitution was written in Hong Kong with the help of Jose Ma. Basa
The Constitution states: Union of the Philippine Archipelago into a compact, strong and homogeneous body. Mutual protection of the members Defense against all violence and injustice Encouragement of education, agriculture and commerce Study and application of reforms
The Arrest of Jose Rizal July 7, 1892: Gen. Eulogio Despujol ordered Rizal’s arrest and imprisonment at Fort Santiago July 15: He was put into exile in Dapitan . This marked the fall of the La Liga Filipina Some members, led by Apolinario Mabini, tried to revive the league but the failed because many members, including Andres Bonifacio, believed that it was useless to expect reforms from the corrupt Spaniards
