DRW – STTH
ENGLISH FOR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Every petrol-engined car needs electricity to provide current for the lights and other electrical equipment, and to supply the necessary power for the ignition system. The ignition system enables the engine to be started and kept running, and sparking plugs from an essensial part of thissystem. They are screwed into the engine
at,
or
near,
the
top,
usually one sparking plug for each
cylinder.
engine
A
therefore
four-cylinder has
four
sparking plugs, a six cylinder engine has six sparking pligs, and so on. As the name suggests, the purpose of sparking plug is to make a spark, and this spark is to make a spark, and this spark is achieved by making the electric current jump a gap between two points
(known
as
„electrodes‟)
which are at the extreme end of the plug which is insertef in the cylinder. The
spark
ignites
the
fuel/air mixture in each cylinder, and very rapid burnung and expantion results. This process is called „combution‟ it will be explained later just how this combution fits into the operation of theengine. Electricity for the igniting process (ignition) is supplied by a dynamo and battery. The current is then carried to a coil, then to a distributor and finally to the sparking plugs.
Exercise Answer these questions 1. What does an electric motor do? 2. What is the fuction from the sparking plug? 3. What is electrode? 4. What is combution? 5. What are the function from dynamo and dynamo?
Exercise Match each of these motorcomponents to its function Componen
Function
Armature
a. Transfer rotation from the motor
Bearings
b. Create an electromagnetic field
Brushes
c. Converts elecromagnetic energy to rotation
Commutator
d. Reverses thecurrent to the armature
Drive shaft
e. Support the drive shaft
Field windings
f. Supply current to the armature
CARS An automobile or motor car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, totypically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the transport of people rather than goods. However, the term automobile is far from precise, because there are many types of vehicles that do similar tasks. Exercise Complete the sentences with the appropriate expressions, choose between: bumpers, boot, bonnet, seat belt, indicator, aerial, logo, sunroof, windscreen wipers, tyres, badge You open the bonnet to look at the engine. The ____________ absorb small impacts in an accident. Don‟t forget to retract the ____________ before using the car wash. Can you put my suitcase in the ____________, please? When it starts raining, you need to switch on the ____________. English for Mechanical Engineering “What model is that?” “I don‟t know I can‟t see the ____________ from here.” It is important to inflate the ____________ to correct the pressure for better fuel consumption. The Mercedes star is a well-known ____________. Open the ____________ and let some sun and fresh air into the car. I wish all drivers would use their ____________ when they want to turn right or left! Do not forget to fasten your ____________, it can save your life in case of an accident
Exercise: Car parts
SIMPLE PAST TENSE VS PAST CONTINUOUS Simple past tense We use the simple past to describe things that happened in the past and finished at a specific time. Example: He started the company in 1969. They didn’t make a profit in the first year. Did she work there in 1975? We often use a time reference which refers to the finished event. E.g. yesterday, last week, last night, three years ago, in 1969, in the first year. Form verb stem + ed Positive and Negative I/ you/ she/ he/ it/ we/ they
Arrived
Didn‟t arrive
Question Did
I/ you/ she/ he/ it/ we/ they
Arrive?
The verb to be Positive and Negative I/ he/ she
Was
Was not/ wasn‟t
You/ they/ we
Were
Were not/ weren‟t
Past continuous Use
________ Was/Were + V(ing)
We use the past continuous to talk about: Things which were happening at the time of speaking. Example: I was trying to call Geoff Peters. He wasn’t working today.
Exercise Change these sentences into positive, negative or introgative sentences 1. We controled the temperature regularly 2. Did he explain the classification of conductor? 3. The current didn‟t flow from positive terminal to negative terminal 4. They calculated the energy unit 5. They didn‟t use a tester to current supply in electrical circuits
Exercise MICROSOFT Thomas (live) in the small town of Brington. He (love) walking through the beautiful forest that surrounded it. One evening, it (rain) , so he (take) his umbrella and (go) for a walk in the woods. As he (walk) through the woods, he (meet) an old man named Frank. Frank (tell) Thomas that if he (want) to become rich, he should invest in a little known stock called Microsoft. When Thomas (return) from his walk, he
(think) Frank (be) foolish because Microsoft (be) a
computer stock. Everybody (know) that computers (be) just a passing fad. At any rate, Frank (insist) that Thomas (be) wrong. While they (discuss) the stock, Frank (draw) a wonderful graph of future possibilities. As Frank (draw) the graph, Thomas (begin) thinking that maybe Frank (understand) stocks. While he (was) to work, Thomas (decide) to buy some of these stocks. The next day, he (go) to the stock broker's and
(buy) $1,000 worth of Microsoft stock. That (be) in 1986;
today that $1,000 worth of stock is worth more than.
NUMBERS I. Match the words with the examples on the right: 1. cardinal numbers
a. ¼, 2/3, 28/36
2. ordinal numbers
b. First, second, third, ...
3. decimals
c. 1, 2, 3, …
4. fractions
d. 12%, 89%...
5. percentages
e. 2.3, 4.698
* Each digit after the decimal point is read separately: two point three, four point six nine eight. II. Match these written numbers with the way they are read: 1. 60%
a. one third
2. 3 ½
b. two fifths
3. 3.4
c. two point eight seven
4. 8.5%
d. eight point five percent
5. 1/3
e. three point four
6. 2.87
f. sixty percent
7. 3/4
g. three and a half
8. 2/5
h. three quarters
III. Put these words and phrases into the sentences below: times/multiplied by, divided by, minus, plus 1. Four________ eighteen equals twenty-two. 2. Seventeen ____________ thirteen equals two hundred twenty-one. 3. Ninety-six _________ four equals twenty-four. 4. Ten ________ nine equals one.
HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK
Safety and health is an area concerned with protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment. The goal of all occupational safety and health programs is to foster a safe work environment. As a secondary effect, it may also protect co-workers, family members, employers, customers, suppliers, nearby communities, and other members of the public who are impacted by the workplace environment. The average person finds it difficult to assess risks and that is why work practices need to be regulated. Safety in the workplace is critical to the success of your business, no matter what size it is. As a business owner you have responsibilities regarding health and safety in your workplace. Even if you don‟t have any employees, you must ensure that your business doesn‟t create
health
and safety
problems
for your
customers and the general public. Knowing
and
understanding
the
Occupational
Health and Safety laws can help you avoid the unnecessary costs and damage to your business caused by workplace injury and illness. There are many examples of dangerous activities at your workplace, such as welding without goggles, working at a construction site without the protection of a hard hat, working in noisy environments without ear plugs or mufflers, working in production with different possibly hazardous materials without protective gloves and/or clothes, smoking near inflammable substance. There are different risky or hazardous situations, such as: combustion, contamination, dust, the possibility of explosion, poisonous fumes, gas leakages, toxic vapors, the danger of electrical shock which can all have effects on us and can cause lethal or very serious damage to our body (for example: vomiting, dizziness, burns, birth defects, cancer, genetic damage). All around risky environments or materials there are warning signs that people have to take seriously.
Exercise Find some warning signs and explain them Exercise Name the safety items below.
a.__________
b. __________
c. ___________
d.__________
e. ___________
f.__________
g. ___________
h. __________
i. ____________
HAND TOOLS AND THEIR USES
Nowadays, the speed and productivity are very important, and therefore many works in the workshop are being done with the power tools and machines. However, any good craftsman knows that the quality result lies in the balance between the handwork and machine work. In many cases during
the
manufacture, the craftsman has to decide whether some operation will be done with the hand tools or with the machine. Such decision should always be made by considering which method is more efficient, which method you are adept to, which
methods
produce
better
work
and
which
method
is
cheaper.
Always use right hand tool for the job. This way you get the best job with the least effort, the least damage to the tool and the least danger to yourself. In some cases, hand tools are faster than the machines. Of course, if many identical parts need to be cut, hand tools are definitely slower. But if you work on some unique project, it will surely be easier to perform some operations with the hand tools, rather than to waste time to set up and configure your machine. One of the important advantages of hand tools is that they are cheaper than the power tools, so if in your work you do not have a specific need for this type of tools, it will be much more cost-effective to buy less expensive hand tool and use it occasionally, than to buy an expensive power tool which will lay on the shelf. Besides that, the hand tools are indispensable for the house maintenance. Various jobs on the house are occasional, so it is not profitable to invest a lot of money in various power tools. Another great advantage of hand tools is that they are much safer than the power tools, and this is important for both craftsmen beginners and for the amateurs, who use hand tools just for quick repairs.
Exercise Hand tools can be divided into several groups:
Laying out tools – Measuring and marking tools
Impact or striking tools (hammers, mallets and sledges)
Twisting tools or fastening tools (wrenches and screwdrivers)
Woodcutting tools (wood saws, planes, wood chisels)
Metal cutting tools (dies, drills, files, punches, reamers, taps)
Holding tools (clamps, pliers, vises)
Safety equipment (goggles, gloves)
Grinding and sharpening tools
Finishing tools and abrasives
Tool storage & accessory containers
PASSIVE VOICE A.
The form of Passive Voice
Passive voice is the We form the passive voice in English with the verb to be as an auxiliary, plus the past participle of the main verb. For every active voice in English there is a corresponding passive voice. Formation Example 1. Active voice Mary writes a computer assignment Mary (the subject is the doer of the action) Writes (verb) A computer assignment (the noun receiving the action in the object of the action) 2. Passive A computer assignment is written by Mary A computer assignment (the subject is the receiver of the action) Written (the verb phrase containing a form the verb to be) Mary (a noun becomes part of the phrase beginning with) Exercise 1 Change these sentences into passive voice 1.
You must leave the message The message must be left by you
2.
I will drive a new car during this holiday ……………………………………………
3.
The mechanic is using pliers as a hammer …………………………………………….
4.
He controlled the production systems. ………………………………………………
5.
Software company is launching new software. …………………………………
6.
We must clean Wet or oily floors quickly ………………………………
7.
He installed a new anti-virus to my laptop. ………………………………
8.
You can improve your engineering knowledge by practicing. ……………………………………
9.
Developers are hand tools increasingly ………………………………….
10.
Office workers will use Safety Tools at work
Exercise 2 Rewrite the following passage in the PASSIVE: Someone broke into a local jewelry shop yesterday. The owner had just locked up the shop when a robber with a gun threatened him. The robber told him to unlock the shop and give him all the diamonds in the safe. Then the robber tied him up. The police have organized a search for the robber. They hope they will find him in a few days. Doctors are treating the owner of the shop for shock.
APPLICATION LETTER Application letter is also called by A cover letter. Application letter is a document sent with your resume to provide additional information on your skills and experience.
Business
and
professional
people are hired on the basis of application letter and interview General points: • Keep it brief • Begin your letter or email „Dear Mr / Mrs/ Msxxxx‟ if you know the person‟s name, or „Dear Sir or Madam‟ if you don‟t know their name. • Short paragraphs. • Check your spelling, grammar, and punctuation carefully. Part of Application Letter 1. Heading a. Sender's address: b. Date 2. Inside Address This is the address you are sending your letter to (the company‟s address). Make it as complete as possible. Include titles and names if you know them 3. Salutation Example: Dear Sir, 4. Body The body of a good application letter, usually 3 to 4 paragraphs, explains why the applicant is a good fit for the job, explains relevant experience, and shows how that experience would be useful if selected for the career opportunity.
5. Closing Example: Yours sincerely, 6. Signature Do not followed by punctuation Consist of application letter 1. Introduction 2. Statement of qualification 3. Reason for applying the job 4. Availability of the applicant 666 Antares Way Ray, MA 02072 Januari 15, 2016 Ms. Nancy Mary Human Resources Manager McKeith & Company, Inc. Parkinson Park Plaza, dome 2000 Boston, MA 02101 Dear Ms. Mary, Application for the position of product designer In reference to the job vacancies you advertised at the Carpenters’ Industrial College career bazaar, I would like to apply for the position of product designer. I believe that while I am a recent graduate, I do have some valuable experience that will enable me to be an excellent addition to your design team. I recently graduated with a Strata one in graphic design, and the course includes product design modules. Moreover, I have competed in several design competitions and won a gold medal in a product design competition in Thailand last year, in which I designed a self- heating mug. Details of this prize and other prizes that I have won are included in the enclosed curriculum vitae. I am looking forward to a positive reply from you. Thank you for your kind consideration and time. Yours sincerely,
Almira Aulia
