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ENERGY CRISIS OF PAKISTAN: CAUSES & REMEDY
2012
Institute of Business Administration
Contents
• Introduction • Objectives • Energy Resources of Pakistan • Ten Years of Energy Consumption • Causes of Energy Crisis • Recommendations • Conclusion
Introduction
• Energy has become an important requirement for the economic development of a country. • It plays a pivotal role in the socio-economic development of any country. Uses:
• industrial and agricultural purposes • domestic use of the citizens
Objectives
• Why Pakistan is facing such a huge energy crisis of its history? • What are the reasons behind this crisis? • Why Pakistan cannot able to utilize its natural resources? • If Pakistan has abundance of coal then why Pakistan importing coal? • Why half of the Pakistani population has no access to electricity?
Energy Resources of Pakistan Pakistan’s Conventional Energy Resources Energy Type
Potential
Source
Crude Oil
339 million barrels recoverable reserves.
Pak Eco Survey
Natural Gas
31,266 trillion cubic feet recoverable reserves.
Pak Eco Survey
Coal
185 billion tones recoverable reserves.
Pak Eco Survey
Hydro Energy
46,000 MW identified potential
Govt. of Pakistan 2005
Nuclear power
Nuclear power of capacity 800 MWe approx
World Nuclear Association 2011 2011
Pakistan’s Pakistan’ s Renewable Energy Resources 1. 2. 3. 4.
Wind Energy Solar Energy Bio-mass & Bio-fuels Geo-Thermal Energy
Ten Years of Energy Consumption
Energy Consumption by Source (2001-02)
Energy Consumption by Source (2011-12)
Gas 41%
Oil 29%
Gas 29% Oil 49%
LPG 2%
Coal 12%
Electricity 15%
Electricity 16%
Source: Pakistan Economic survey
Coal 6% LPG 1%
Ten Years of Energy Consumption
60.388 MTOE • In 2007 Pakistan consumed up to 60.388 of energy in which 19.835 MTOE was imported in form of Oil and Coal.
• Relying heavily over imported oil and coal and shortage of natural gas in future will certainly chock the economic growth for many years.
Causes of Energy Crisis 1. Economic and Political instability. circular det, Effects our GDP & Energy growth… 2. Fluctuation of oil prices in international market. WAPDA & KESC purchase expensive oil and transfer cost to customers…
3. Faulty Distribution System. We waste 15 to 20 percent energy through poor distribution system, system, line loses…
4. Aging of equipment. Unable to generate required electricity…
5. Silting Process. It is a naturally caused process which reduces the storage capacity of reservoirs...
Recommendations
To overcome present energy crisis, Pakistan needs to take the following steps in form of: 1. Short Term Plan 2. Medium Term Plan 3. Long Term Plan.
Recommendations
1. Short-term Plan: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Incr Increa ease se the the numb number er of IPP IPPss (In (Inde depe pend nden entt Pow Power er Pr Prod oduc ucer ers) s).. React eactiv ivat atee the the clos closed ed powe powerr ge genera nerati tin ng uni units ts.. Overh verhau aull the the exi exissting ting poor poor dis distrib tribut utio ion n sys systtem. em. Impo Import rt elec electr tric icit ity y to to ful fulfi fill ll the the curr curren entt nee need d for for ind indus ustr trie iess on on ad ad hoc hoc basis. Gove Govern rnm ment ent sho shoul uld d hav havee str stric ictt che check ck on ener energy gy indi indica cato tors rs on regular basis to counter such crisis in future.
Recommendations 2. Medium-term Plan: 1. Transformation of existing system to renewable ren ewable energy resources. 2. Developing and installing biogas, solar, wind and micro hydro based projects in villages.
3. Long-term Plan: 1. Developing and installing installing coal based powerhouses. powerhouses. 2. Initiate agreements agreements for mega projects with the energy energy extensive countries for sustainable energy resources. 3. Explorations of more oil, gas and coal reserves. 4. Provide incentives for up-gradation and training to the engineer for new technology
Conclusion
•
This study recommends Government of Pakistan to take strong steps to overhaul its existing infrastructure and transformed it to utilize renewable energy for future needs.
•
Government should also take steps to utilize the coal reserves though it will give us energy for next 25 years.