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28
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Cgs tm`idgs boikbcms y vmamtbcms hgotimomo baub mo diemrmotms prgpgrhigoms, distrijuidb dm uob kbomrb kuy hgkpcm`b y nmtmrgaéomb. Cbs prgtmëobs, cgs hbrjgnidrbtgs y cgs cëpidgs hgotrijuymo b cb egrkbhiøo dm hgkpcm`gs nidrbtbdgs dm bctg pmsg kgcmhucbr dmotrg dm mstgs mstgs tm`idg tm`idgs s y huyb huyb hbrbht hbrbhtmri mrizbh zbhiøo iøo y huboti hubotieih eihbhi bhiøo øo mo uo bcikm bcikmotg otg ms dieëhi dieëhicc dm memhtubr. Mo amomrbc mc hgotmoidg dm nukmdbd dm uo bcikmotg ms mc baub tgtbc qum hgotimom sio hgosidmrbr qum mo cb kbygrëb dm cgs bcikmotgs mistmo zgobs g rmaigoms kihrgshøpihbs qum, dmjidg b su hgkpgsihiøo quëkihb og pmrkitmo cb prmsmohib dmc baub, cg hubc prgvghb uob distrijuhiøo nmtmrgaéomb b trbvés dmc prgduhtg. Mc térkiog !bhtividbd dmc baub" mstbjcmhm mc arbdg dm iotmrbhhiøo dmc baub hgo cgs dmk#s hgostituymotms dm cgs bcikmotgs, y ms uob kmdidb iodirmhtb dmc baub dispgoijcm pbrb ccmvbr b hbjg cbs diemrmotms rmbhhigoms b cbs qum mst#o su`mtbs mstbs sustbohibs quëkihbs g pbrb mc dmsbrrgccg kihrgjibog.
II.
III.
GJ@MTIUGX $goghmr mc usg dmc mquipg dm bhtividbd dm baub. %mtmrkiobr cb bhtividbd dm baub dm diemrmotms bcikmotgs mo &qub cbj. %mtmrkiobr mc hgotmoidg hgotmoidg dm nukmdbd dm diemrmotms bcikmotgs bcikmotgs mo mstueb.
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II III. I.2. 2. BHTIU HTIUID IDB BD DM DM BA]B Cb bhtividbd dm baub '&() ms uob dm cbs nmrrbkimotbs k#s ikpgrtbotms mo cb prmdihhiøo dm cb mstbjicidbd dm cgs bcikmotgs. Cb vmcghidbd dm kuhngs hbkjigs dmtmrigrbtivgs sm nb rmcbhi rmcbhigob gobdg dg hgo mstm mstm pbr#km pbr#kmtrg trg,, yb qum dmtmrk dmtmrkiob iob mc baub baub qum mo uo dmtmrk dmtmrkiob iobdg dg kgkmot kgkmotg g sm mohumo mohumotrb trb dispg dispgoij oijcm cm pbrb pbrb mc hrmhik hrmhikimo imotg tg kihrg kihrgjib jibog og y mc prgarm prgarmsg sg dm diemrmotms rmbhhigoms quëkihbs y jigquëkihbs. Cb bhtividbd dm baub sm dmeiom hgkg cb rmcbhiøo motrm cb prmsiøo dm vbpgr dm baub dm uo prgduhtg y cb prmsiøo dm vbpgr dmc baub purb, b cb kiskb tmkpmrbturb, pgr tbotg, cb bhtividbd dm baub sm usb pbrb hbrbhtmrizbr mc mstbdg dm mquicijrig dmc baub mo uob kbtriz bcikmotihib qum iaubcb cb prmsiøo dm vbpgr rmcbtivb dm mquicijrig '*+) dmc baub mo cb btkøsemrb hirhuodbotm. *brb bchbozbr mc mquicijrig, nbjr# uob trbosemrmohib dm kbsb dm baub dmc bcikmotg bc motgrog g vihmvmrsb nbstb ccmabr b dihng mquicijrig, mquicijrig, dgodm cgs vbcgrms dm b ( dmjmo smr iaubcms mo bkjbs ebsms b tmkpmrbturb y prmsiøo hgostbotm 'ggs, -/).
28
]OIUMZXIDBD OBHIGOBC DMC BCTIVCBOG, EBH]CTBD DM HIMOHIBX BAZBZIBX MXH]MCB VZGEMXIGOBC DM IOAMOIMZËB BAZGIOD]XTZIBC 6imotrbs k#s bctb smb cb b ( y k#s sm bhmrqum b -.2, qum ms cb dmc baub purb, kbygr smr# su iomstbjicidbd. *gr mc hgotrbrig, cgs bcikmotgs mstbjcms b tmkpmrbturb bkjimotm bkjimotm 'mhmptg cgs trbtbdgs térkihbkmotm y hgkmrhibckmotm mstéricms, hgkg cgs mocbtbdgs), timomo b ( jb`b. :m nb dmkgstrbdg qum cb b ( ms uo ebhtgr hcbvm pbrb mc hrmhikimotg kihrgjibog, prgduhhiøo dm tgiobs y rmsistmohib bc hbcgr dm cgs kihrggraboiskgs. Mo amomrbc, mc cëkitm ioemrigr dm bhtividbd dm baub pbrb mc hrmhikimotg kihrgjibog ms 2.2 dm cb kbygrëb dm cbs jbhtmribs, 2.84 pbrb cb kbygrëb dm cbs cmvbdurbs y 2.82 pbrb cb kbygrëb dm cgs ngoags. Ms pgsijcm qum uo bcikmotg tmoab dgs hgkpgomotms, uog hgo -/= y gtrg hgo 5/= dm nukmdbd y cb trbosemrmohib sm nbab dmc kmogr bc kbygr dmjidg b sus distiotbs b ( , y og hgo jbsm mo sus nukmdbdms '1bdui, 522>).
999.-.-. TIVGX DM BCIKMOTG MO E]OHIØO DMC HGOTMOIDG DM BA]B Cgs bcikmotgs og sgo ngkgaéomgs oi mst#o hgostituidgs pgr uob 0oihb ebsm, yb qum timomo vbribs ebsms og kishijcms y hbdb ebsm timom uob dmtmrkiobdb hgkpgsihiøo. %mpmodimodg dm su hgotmoidg dm baub sm hcbsieihbo hcbsieihbo mo !bcikmotgs !bcikmotgs n0kmdgs<, !bcikmotgs !bcikmotgs dm nukmdbd iotmrkmdib< y !bcikmotgs smhgs<. Cgs bcikmotgs n0kmdgs y dm nukmdbd iotmrkmdib sgo hgosid hgosidmrb mrbdgs dgs hgkg hgkg disgc disgcuhi uhigom goms s dmjid dmjidg g b cb arbo arbo hbotid hbotidbd bd dm baub baub qum qum prmsmo prmsmotbo tbo 'supmrigr bc 5/=), pums mo mccgs cb ebsm ciquidb g bhugsb, hgostituidb pgr mc baub y cgs sgcutgs disumctgs mo mccb, ms kbygr qum cb ebsm søcidb, egrkbdb pgr cgs søcidgs iosgcujcms g iomrtms. Cgs bcikmotgs dm nukmdbd nukmdbd iotmrkmdib iotmrkmdib timomo uob bhtividbd bhtividbd dm baub dm 2.>/ b 2.8> y cgs bcikmotgs n0kmdgs uob b ( supmrigr b 2.8>. Mo mccgs søcg sm hgosidmrbo cbs iotmrbhhigoms baub3sgcutgs, dmsprmhibodg cbs iotmrbhhigoms baub3sustrbtg iosgcujcm. Mo cgs bcikmotgs smhgs g dm jb`b nukmdbd mc emoøkmog dm iotmrbhhiøo k#s ikpgrtbotm ms cb bdsgrhiøo baub3sustrbtg, yb qum mo mstm hbsg cb ebsm søcidb ms kbygr qum cb ebsm cëquidb, simodg cb nukmdbd dm mstgs prgduhtgs ioemrigr bc 5/=. Cgs bcikmotgs bcikmotgs smhgs smhgs mst#o mst#o 9oihibck 9oihibckmotm motm hujimrtgs hujimrtgs mo su supmreihi supmreihim m iotmrob iotmrob 'pgrgs) y mtmrob 'supmreihim dm cbs pbrtëhucbs) pgr uob kgoghbpb dm kgcéhucbs dm baub, qum b himrtb nukmdbd hgostituym uo cëkitm dm nidrbtbhiøo b pbrtir dmc hubc cbs iotmrbhhigoms baub3 sustrbtg sm pumdmo kgdieihbr, cg hubc og ms dmsmbjcm, yb qum b kmdidb qum dmhrmhm cb iotmrbhhiøo baub3sustrbtg bukmotb cb b ( . :i bc prgduhtg sm cm vbo iohgrpgrbodg kgcéhucbs dm baub, éstbs vbo qumdbodg rmtmoidbs b cb ebsm søcidb kmdibotm eumrzbs dm vbo vbo dmr dmr ;bbc ;bbcs s y pumo pumotm tms s dm nidr nidrøa øamo mog g hgo hgo gtrb gtrbs s kgcé kgcéhu hucb cbs s dm baub baub,, egrk egrkbo bodg dg kuctihbpbs mo cb supmreihim iotmrob y mtmrob dmc kbtmribc. $ubodg hgkimozb b hgmistir hgo mstm emoøkmog cb pmomtrbhiøo dm cbs kgcéhucbs nbhib mc iotmrigr dm cb kbtriz søcidb y sm db cb hgrrmspgo hgrrmspgodimo dimotm tm kgvicizb kgvicizbhiøo hiøo dm sgcutgs, sgcutgs, hgkimozb hgkimozb cb sgcujici sgcujicizbhi zbhiøo øo dm cgs kbtmribcms sgcujcms dmc bcikmotg nbstb qum mistm baub sueihimotm y sm egrkb cb ebsm bhugsb '6brtëomz mt bc., 5222).
28
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HGOT HGOTMO MOID IDG G DM BA]B BA]B
Mc hgotmoidg dm baub dm uo bcikmotg g nukmdbd sm rmeimrm, mo amomrbc, b tgdb mc baub dm kbom kbomrb rb acgj acgjbc bc.. :io :io mkjb mkjbra rag, g, mo cgs cgs tm`i tm`idg dgs s boik boikbc bc y vmam vmamtb tbcc mc baub baub og mst# mst# uoieg uoiegrkm rkmkmo kmotm tm distr distriju ijuidb idb dmjid dmjidg g b hgkpcm hgkpcm`g `gs s nidrbt nidrbtbd bdgs gs qum qum sm mstbjc mstbjcmhm mhmo o hgo prgtmëob prgtmëobs, s, nidrbtgs nidrbtgs dm hbrjgog hbrjgog y gtrgs gtrgs hgostituy hgostituymotms motms.. Mstb situbhiø situbhiøo o dm distrijuh distrijuhiøo iøo nmtmrgaéomb dm baub tbkjiéo sm prmsmotb mo bcikmotgs prghmsbdgs dmjidg b qum sus hgkpgomotms sm mohumotrbo mo diemrmotms egrkbs dm dispmrsiøo. Cg botmrigr ccmvb b qum mc baub mo cgs bcikmotgs sm mohumotrm mo diemrmotms mstbdgs momraétihgs, cg qum siaoieihb qum og tgdb mc baub timom cbs kiskbs prgpimdbdms eisihgquëkihbs. eisihgquëkihbs. Mc térkiog !hgotmoidg dm baub< og ioegrkb pgr së sgcg dm cb obturbcmzb dm mstb baub, yb qum mc baub pumdm smr !baub cijrm< g !baub ciabdb<. &uoqum og nby uob dmeioihiøo mbhtb pbrb mstbs dgs erbhhigoms, sm hgosidmrb qum mc baub ciabdb ms bqumccb prgpgrhiøo qum mst# eumrtmkmotm uoidb bc bcikmotg pgr kmdig dm pumotms dm nidrøamog y og hgoamcb b 3 52?$, pgr cg qum tbkjiéo sm ccbkb !baub og hgoamcbjcm<, kimotrbs qum mc baub cijrm g !baub hgoamcbjcm< ms mc baub qum timom kgvicidbd y mst# dispgoijcm pbrb pbrtihipbr mo rmbhhigoms dm dmtmrigrg dm cgs bcikmotgs. Mc hgotmoidg dm baub dm cgs bcikmotgs ms uog dm cgs ebhtgrms iodividubcms qum k#s ioecuym mo su bctmrbjicidbd, buoqum bcikmotgs hgo mc kiskg kiskg hgotmo hgotmoid idg g mo baub baub pumdm pumdmo o suerir suerir uo prghms prghmsg g dm bctmrb bctmrbhi hiøo øo diemrm diemrmotm otm y tmomr tmomr distiotbs vidbs dm bobqumc, yb qum su mstbjicidbd mst# mo euohiøo dm cb bhtividbd dm baub '1bdui, 522>).
II III.8 I.8..
IXGT IXGTMZ MZKB KBX X DM DM BDXGZH DXGZHIØ IØO O
:m ccbkb ccbkb bdsgrj bdsgrjmot motm m b cb sustbo sustbohib hib ogrkb ogrkbckm ckmotm otm søcid søcidb b sgjrm sgjrm cb qum qum sm ei`b ei`b gtrb gtrb 'abs7c 'abs7cëqu ëquid idg) g) qum qum rmhij rmhijm m mc ogkjr ogkjrm m dm bdsgr bdsgrjbt jbtg. g. +brib +bribs s mpmri mpmrikmo kmotbh tbhigo igoms ms nbo dmkgs dmkgstrb trbdg dg qum pbrb pbrb uo kiskg kiskg sistmk sistmkb, b, mo iaubc iaubcms ms hgodih hgodihigo igoms, ms, cb bdsgr bdsgrhiø hiøo o ms prgpgrhigobc prgpgrhigobc b cb supmreihim dmc bdsgrjmotm. :m trbtb pums dm uo emoøkmog supmreihibc qum ghurrm mo cb iotmrebsm, mo mc hubc cbs kgcéhucbs dm bdsgrjbtg sm ei`bo sgjrm cb supmreihim dmc bdsgrjmotm mo virtud dm divmrsbs eumrzbs btrbhtivbs 'eumrzbs dm +bo dmr ;bbcs y eumrzbs dm mocbhm) qum motrbo mo `umag y sm dmjmo, priohipbckmotm, b cb bsikmtrëb dm eumrzbs qum mistm mo tgdb cb iotmrebsm, tbc hgkg kmohigobo 6brtëomz mt bc. '5222).
II III. I.4. 4. TIVG TIVGX X DM IXGT IXGTMZ MZKB KBX X 1ruobumr mt bc. '-F2) hcbsieihø cbs isgtmrkbs dm sgrhiøo mo hiohg tipgs amomrbcms 'Bia. F.J) dm bhumrdg b cbs eumrzbs dm +bo dmr ;bbcs dm absms og pgcbrms bdsgrjidgs mo sustrbtgs søcidgs. :ma0o :ma0o mstm mstm butgr butgr,, cb isgtmr isgtmrkb kb tipg tipg 9 hgrrms hgrrmspgo pgodm dm ogrkbc ogrkbckmo kmotm tm b emoøkm emoøkmog ogs s dm quikisgrhiøo qum ghurrmo mo uob sgcb hbpb, mo cgs puotgs bhtivgs dm cb supmreihim. Mstm og ms mc hbsg nbjitubc mo cbs isgtmrkbs dm bdsgrhiøo dm baub mo bcikmotgs. Cgs tipgs 99 y 999 sgo cgs k#s ermhumotms mo bcikmotgs og pgrgsgs, sgjrm tgdg mc prikmrg. Cgs tipgs 9+ y + hgrrmspgodmo hgrrmspgodmo b isgtmrkbs dm prgduhtgs prgduhtgs pgrgsgs, pgrgsgs, mo cgs qum cb kmsmtb kmsmtb dm cbs hurvbs hurvbs mst# bsghibdb b cb sbturbhiøo hbpicbr.
28
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EIA]ZB 2 Hiohg tipgs dm isgtmrkbs dm sgrhiøo (Kbrtom! mt b".# :$$$% %m bhumrdg hgo 1brjgsb3$#ogvbs 1brjgsb3$#ogvbs mt bc. '5224), cb isgtmrkb dm tipg 99 ms cb k#s hgk0o mo cgs cgs bcikmo bcikmotgs tgs,, huyb huyb egrkb egrkb siakg siakgidb idbcc sm btriju btrijuym ym b memhtg memhtgs s hbpicb hbpicbrms rms m iotmrb iotmrbhhi hhigom goms s bhugsbs mo cb supmreihim. Mstb isgtmrkb pumdm smr divididb mo trms rmaigoms. Mo cb prikmrb, mc baub sm mohumotrb eumrtmkmotm uoidb b arupgs pgcbrms dm prgtmëobs y pgcisbh#ridgs dmc bcikmotg y prmsmotb uob motbcpëb dm mvbpgrbhiøo hgosidmrbjcmkmotm kbygr b cb dmc baub purb. Mo mstb rmaiøo sm nbccb cb nukmdbd hgrrmspgodimotm b cb kgoghbpb '( 2) b bhtividbd dm baub bcrmdmdgr dm 2.5 b 2.J, mo cb qum cb vmcghidbd dm pérdidb dm hbcidbd ms iosiaoieihbotm. iosiaoieihbotm. Mo cb rmaiøo 1 cbs kgcéhucbs dm baub sm mohumotrbo kmogs uoidbs qum mo cb zgob botmrigr y cb momraëb dm mvbpgrbhiøo ms ciamrbkmotm kbygr qum cb momraëb rmqumridb pbrb mvbpgrbr mc baub purb, kimotrbs qum cbs prgpimdbdms dmc sgcvmotm mo cb rmaiøo $ sgo kuy smkm`botms b cbs dmc baub purb '1bdui, 522>). Cb egrkb dm cb isgtmrkb sm pumdm rmcbhigobr hgo cgs vbcgrms dmc pbr#kmtrg $ dm cb Mh. -, pums sm pumdm dmkgstrbr qum søcg b pbrtir dm uo dmtmrkiobdg vbcgr dm $ sm db uo puotg dm ioecmiøo mo cb hurvb, simodg motgohms cb isgtmrkb dmc tipg 99 'Cm(ihHi, -4).
28
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*rghmdmkgs dm dm egrkb iaubc hgo tgdbs cbs kumstrbs kumstrbs y mcbjgrbkgs uob tbjcb dm dbtgs hgo cbs distiotbs kumstrbs.
IU.:. IU.:.:. :. DMTMZKIOBHI DMTMZKIOBHIGO GO DM CB N]KMDBD N]KMDBD
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28
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28
]OIUMZXIDBD OBHIGOBC DMC BCTIVCBOG, EBH]CTBD DM HIMOHIBX BAZBZIBX MXH]MCB VZGEMXIGOBC DM IOAMOIMZËB BAZGIOD]XTZIBC DMCIHIB %mtmrkiobkgs mc pgrhmotb`m dm nukmdbd mo jbsm n0kmdb. Nukmdbdjn;
^ √Y ^ √ VC
∑266
Nukmdbd dm kmcgo jn ;
:=.6=82 √ :6.8>51 :=.6=82 √29.2962
Nukmdbd dm pbo sbroitb jn;
∑266;·
:4.482> √::.9826 :4.482> √29.6525
Nukmdbd dm kbozbob dmcihibjn;
∑266
:4.2:81 √29.1141 :4.2:81 √2>.>589
∑266
Nukmdbdjn
KMCGO VBO XBZOITB KBOPBOB DMCIHIB
4./24 54.F>8 85. >8J8
AZ]VG 4
KBOPBOB UMZDM D]ZBPOG 'B'I U.:.
V. DM C]OB DM ZMCG@%VC
VC VK N]KMDBD%&
VC VK XMHB%Y
F-./F2/ F5.52 54.-224
F>./825 F4.5F5/ J5.-2>4
F5.545 FJ.54F 58.2/52
DIXH]XIGO
U.:. :.2. 2. BHTI BHTIUI UIDB DBD D DC BA]B BA]B
:ma0o ggs '-/), iodihb qum cb bhtividbd dm baub sm dmeiom hgkg cb rmcbhiøo motrm cb prmsiøo dm vbpgr dm baub dm uo prgduhtg y cb prmsiøo dm vbpgr dmc baub purb, b cb kiskb tmkpmr tmkpmrbtu bturb, rb, pgr tbotg, tbotg, cb bhtivi bhtividbd dbd dm baub baub sm usb pbrb pbrb hbrbht hbrbhtmri mrizbr zbr mc mstbd mstbdg g dm mquicijrig dmc baub mo uob kbtriz bcikmotihib qum iaubcb cb prmsiøo dm vbpgr rmcbtivb dm mquicijrig mquicijrig '*+) dmc baub mo mo cb btkøsemrb hirhuodbotm, hirhuodbotm, ms himrtg himrtg sm hgohumrdb hgo hgo mstm butgr. Abkjimo smrib jumog sbjmr qum kuhngs bcikmotgs og sgo sistmkbs mo mquicijrig. Cb &( og sgo ngkgaéomgs ngkgaéomgs mo tgdg mc sistmkb y pgr tbotg, og timom smotidg hbrbhtmrizbr mc sistmk sistmkb b hgkg hgkg uo tgdg tgdg pgr uo vbcgr vbcgr kmdidg kmdidg dm &( pgr m`mkpcg, m`mkpcg, kuhngs kuhngs bcikm bcikmotg otgs s kuctihgk kuctihgkpgom pgomotms otms hgostbo dm dgs g k#s ebsms ebsms 'søcidg, 'søcidg, cëquidg purg, cëquidg cëquidg bhugsg, bhugsg, bhmitm, mth.) qum pumdmo og mstbr mo mquicijrig tmrkgdio#kihg motrm mccbs. *gr cg tbotg, &(
28
]OIUMZXIDBD OBHIGOBC DMC BCTIVCBOG, EBH]CTBD DM HIMOHIBX BAZBZIBX MXH]MCB VZGEMXIGOBC DM IOAMOIMZËB BAZGIOD]XTZIBC pumdm og smr uo pbr#kmtrg tmrkgdio#kihg v#cidg pbrb kuhngs bcikmotgs. *umstg qum cb &( nb sidg uo hgohmptg mtrmkbdbkmotm mtrmkbdbkmotm uticizbdg mo bcikmotgs, nb dm tmomrsm prmhbuhiøo mo cb iotmrprmtbhiøo dm sus jbsms tmørihbs. Cgs bcikmotgs hgo cgs nmkgs trbjb`bdg 'kmcgo, pbo sbroitb y kbozbob dmcihib) timom kbygr kbygr hbotidbd hbotidbd dm &( kuy hmrhbo hmrhbogs gs b uog y hgo mstg mstg suhmdm suhmdm cb iomstbji iomstbjicidb cidbd d dmc bcikmotg tbc hgkg dihm 1bdui '522>), kimotrbs k#s bctb smb cb &( y k#s sm bhmrqum b -.2, qum ms cb dmc baub purb, kbygr smr# su iomstbjicidbd. *gr mc hgotrbrig, cgs bcikmotgs mstbjcms b tmkpmrbturb bkjimotm 'mhmptg cgs trbtbdgs térkihbkmotm y hgkmrhibckmotm mstéricms, hgkg cgs mocbtbdgs), timomo &( jb`b. :m nb dmkgstrbdg qum cb &( ms uo ebhtgr hcbvm pbrb mc hrmhikimotg kihrgjibog, prgduhhiøo dm tgiobs y rmsistmohib bc hbcgr dm cgs kihrggraboiskgs. Mo amomrbc, mc cëkitm ioemrigr dm bhtividbd dm baub pbrb mc hrmhikimotg kihrgjibog ms 2.2 dm cb kbygrëb dm cbs jbhtmribs, 2.84 pbrb cb kbygrëb dm cbs cmvbdurbs y 2.82 2.82 pbrb pbrb cb kby kbygrëb grëb dm cgs cgs ngoa ngoags gs.. Ms pgsi pgsijc jcm m qum qum uo bcik bcikmo motg tg tmoa tmoab b dgs dgs hgkpgomotms, uog hgo -/= y gtrg hgo 5/= dm nukmdbd y cb trbosemrmohib sm nbab dmc kmogr bc kbygr dmjidg b sus distiotbs b ( , y og hgo jbsm mo sus nukmdbdms. Mo cb bhtubcidbd, uog dm cgs hbkpgs dm iovmstiabhiøo dm kbygr buam mo cb iodustrib bcikm bcikmotb otbrib rib ms bqumc bqumc qum sm ghupb ghupb dm mstbj mstbjcmh cmhmr mr cb ioecu ioecumo mohib hib dm cb &( sgjrm sgjrm cbs prgpimdbdms prgpimdbdms dmc bcikmotg sm trbtb dm rmcbhigobr cbs pgsijcms bctmrbhigoms dm bcikmotgs dm hbrbhtmrëstihbs pbrm`bs mo euohiøo dm su hgkpgsihiøo, prghmsbdbs y bckbhmobkimotg. Cbs isgtmrkbs sm gjtimomo hgcghbodg uo bcikmotg huyg hgotmoidg mo baub sm hgoghm, jb`g jb`g vbhëg, vbhëg, mo uo rmhip rmhipimo imotm tm hmrrbd hmrrbdg g y kidim kidimodg odg,, dmspué dmspués s dmc dmc mstbjc mstbjcmhi mhikim kimotg otg dmc mquicijrig b uob tmkpmrbturb dmtmrkiobdb, cb prmsiøo dm vbpgr dm baub, hgo cb byudb dm uo kboøkmtrg g dm uo niarøkmtrg.
U.: .:.:. .:. DMTMZK DMTMZKIOBH IOBHIGO IGO DM CB N]KMDB N]KMDBD D :ma0o 6brtëomz '5222), cbs isgtmrkbs tbkjiéo sm gjtimomo hgcghbodg kumstrbs dm uo kiskg bcikmotg'smhg g n0kmdg) mo uob smrim dm rmhipimotms hmrrbdgs, mo cgs hubcms sm kbotimomo pgr m`mkpcg, kmdibotm sgcuhigoms sbciobs 'pgr cg amomrbc sbturbdbs) g #hidg suce0rihg dm divmrsbs hgohmotrbhigoms3 uob abkb dm nukmdbdms rmcbtivbs hgostbotms y dmtmrkiobodg, mo mc mquicijrig, cgs hgotmoidgs mo baub. :ma0o 1bdui '522>), cbs isgtmrkbs isgtmrkbs pmrkitmo prmvmr cb bhtividbd bhtividbd dmc baub dm kmzhcbs kmzhcbs dm divmrsgs ioarmdimotms, k#s g kmogs n0kmdgs. Cgs kétgdgs uticizbdgs pbrb dmtmrkiobr cbs isgtmrkbs dm sgrhiøo pumdmo smr arbvikétrihgs, jbsbdgs mo mc smauikimotg dm cbs vbribhigoms dm pmsg dmc bcikmotg, kbogkétrihbs, dgodm cb vbribjcm b kmdir ms cb prmsiøo pbrhibc dmc vbpgr dm baub mo mc motgrog g niargkétrihgs, mo cgs qum sm kidm cb nukmdbd rmcbtivb mo mquicijrig dmc birm mo hgotbhtg hgo mc bcikmotg. Cbs isgtmrkbs dm bdsgrhiøo sgo 0tic 0ticms ms,, pgr pgr kuhn kuhngs gs kgti kgtivg vgs. s. Mo prik prikmr mr cuab cuabrr hgrr hgrrgj gjgr grbo bo,, mo vbri vbrigs gs hbsg hbsgs, s, cbs cbs iotmrprmtbhigoms iotmrprmtbhigoms tmørihbs y pmrkitmo, pgr m`mkpcg, hbchucbr mc o0kmrg dm sitigs bhtivgs g cb supmreihim memhtivb dm uo prgduhtg. Mstg iotmrmsb tbotg pbrb cb bdsgrhiøo dm sustbohibs vgc#ticms g dm uo abs hgkg pbrb divmrsgs hgkpumstgs brgk#tihgs, mc gëamog y oitrøamog.
28
]OIUMZXIDBD OBHIGOBC DMC BCTIVCBOG, EBH]CTBD DM HIMOHIBX BAZBZIBX MXH]MCB VZGEMXIGOBC DM IOAMOIMZËB BAZGIOD]XTZIBC
UI.
HGOHC]XIGO
:m pudg nbccbr cb &htividbd &htividbd dm baub dm kmcøo, pbo sbroitb y kbozbob kbozbob dmcihib sm pudg gjsmrvbr q mstgs bcikmotgs timom kbygr hbotidbd dm &( qum b hgkpbrbhiøo hgo gtrgs bcikmotgs. $go mstg hgohcuyg qum cbs erutbs t imomo kbygr hbotidbd dm bhtividbd dmc baub. Cb nukmdbd tbkjiéo dm mstgs bcikmotgs timom bctgs pgrhmotb`ms. $ubodg kbygr hbotidbd dm nukmdbd tmoab mc bcikmotg timodm b kbcgarbrsm kbs r#pidg.
UII. JIJCIGAZBEIB
"#$%& D'()#* X#*+#$( -:665. /%&# $' * #*&'. X')%$# '$&&. I1(' ' K9&. Z C.0. 0'#
28