APPENDIX Laws and Regulations on Fertilizer and Agricultural Lime
The South Carolina Fertilizer Law (46-25 of 1976 Code of Laws) provides for the registration, correct labeling, inspection and analysis of fertilizers sold or offered for sale in South Carolina. The South S outh Carolina Agricultural Liming Materials Act (Jan. 1, 1976) provides for the classification and labeling in terms of fineness, calcium carbonate equivalent (neutralizing value), and calcium and magnesium contents. Farmers should select agricultural liming liming materials on the basis of calcium carbonate equivalent, fineness and price. Dolomitic limestone limestone should be selected when magnesium is needed. Refer to the website maintained by the Fertilizer Inspection Program at Clemson University http://fscs.clemson.edu/ins.htm http://fscs.clemson.edu/ins.htm for more specific information. Agricultural limestone is used to neutralize soil acidity (raise soil pH) and to supply calcium and magnesium. The buffer pH and soil pH indicate the amount of lime needed to raise the pH to the desired range. A soil test is the only good measure to determine if lime is needed and if so, what source should be used.
Conversion Factors for Various Chemical Compounds Associated with Liming
CaCO3 CaCO3 CaO CaO Ca Ca CaCO3 CaCO3 Ca(OH)2
X X X X X X X X X
0.56 0.40 0.71 1.78 1.40 2.50 0.84 0.74 1.35
= = = = = = = = =
CaO Ca Ca Ca CaCO3 CaO CaCO3 MgCO3 Ca(OH)2 CaCO3
MgCO3 MgCO3 MgO MgO Mg Mg MgCO3
X X X X X X X
0.48 0.29 0.60 2.09 1.66 3.48 1.19
= = = = = = =
MgO Mg Mg MgCO3 MgO MgCO3 CaCO3
For example, 100 pounds of CaCO3 (calcium carbonate) has the same acid neutralizing power as 56 pounds of CaO (calcium oxide): 100 X 0.56 = 56.
Conversion Factors Related to Phosphorus and Potassium
Professional societies and scientific publications have adopted a uniform policy of expressing phosphorus and potassium on the the elemental basis. Phosphorus is expressed expressed as P instead of as P2O5, the oxide, and potassium is expressed as K instead of as K2O, its oxide form. form. The Clemson Soil Soil Laboratory reports reports available phosphorus and potassium on this elemental basis, as do most soil-testing laboratories. Phosphorus and potassium in fertilizer is expressed on the oxide basis, as concentrations of P 2O5, and K2O. For example, a formulation formulation of 5-10-15 on a fertilizer bag would would indicate that the material material is 5 percent N (nitrogen), 10 percent P2O5 and 15 percent K2O. The following conversion factors should be used to convert from one unit to another. P2O5 K2O
X X
0.44 0.83
= =
P K
P K
X X
Examples: 60 lb K 2O X 0.83 = 49.8 lb K and 44 lb P X 2.28 = 100 lb P2O5
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2.29 1.205
= =
P 2O5 K2O
Calculations for CEC, Exchangeable Acidity and % Base Saturation of a Soil
1. Total CEC is calculated using the following formulas: H. meq/100 gm of soil = 8 * (8.00 – measured buffer pH) K, meq/100 gm of soil = lb/acre of extracted K ÷ 782 Mg, meq/100 gm of soil = lb/acre of extracted Mg ÷ 240 Ca, meq/100 gm of soil = lb/acre of extracted Ca ÷ 400 Na, meq/100 gm of soil = lb/acre of extracted Na ÷ 460 Total CEC of the soil = Sum of the results for above 5 cations (meq/100 gm soil). Note: Extractable Na (lb/acre) is not printed on the Soil Analysis Report Example: SOIL ANALYSIS REPORT Lab No. 1116
Sample No. 45
Soil Code 3
Soil pH 6.0
CEC Acidity (Meq/100 Gm Soil) 4.90 2.40
Buffer pH 7.70
Ca 37.3
Cation
Calculation
H K Ca Mg *Na
= = = = =
% Base Saturation K 4.7
Mg 8.4
Na 0.6
Total 51.0
Exchangeable, meq/100 gm of soil
8 * (8.00 – 7.70) 180 ÷ 782 732 ÷ 400 98 ÷ 240 14 ÷ 460
Total CEC
P 92 H
Soil Test Results (lb/A) K Ca Mg 180 732 98 HM+ H
= = = = =
2.40 (Exchangeable Acidity) 0.23 1.83 0.41 0.03
=
4.90
* Amount of extractable Na is not given on the report; however it is measured and used in the calculations as shown above, which would be 14 pounds per acre in this example. 2. Percent Base Saturation is determined by dividing the sum of K, Ca, Mg and Na (basic cations) by the Total CEC and multiplying by 100. For the above example, % Base Saturation can be calculated as follows: Cation K Ca Mg Na Total bases
Exchange Bases (meq/100 gm soil) 0.23 1.83 0.41 0.03 2.50
% Saturation 100 x 0.23/4.90 = 4.7 100 x 1.83/4.90 = 37.3 100 x 0.41/4.90 = 8.4 100 x 0.03/4.90 = 0.6 % Base saturation = 51.0 (total of K, Ca, Mg, and Na)
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Micronutrient Sources Material
Micronutrient Content
Boron (B) Borax fine granular Fertilizer borate Fertilizer borate (concentrate) Solubor
%B 11.3 14.3 22.2 20.5
Manganese (Mn) Manganese sulfate Manganese oxide Tecmangam Manganese chelate Manganese frits
% Mn 20-25 26-65 20 6-10 3-6
Zinc (Zn) Zinc sulfate Zinc oxide Zinc chelate Zinc frits
% Zn 35 70-80 10 4-7
Iron (Fe) Iron sulfate Iron chelate Iron frits
% Fe 20 6-12 14
Copper (Cu) Copper sulfate Copper oxide Copper sulfate (tri-basic)
% Cu 25 50-75 54
Molybdenum (Mo) Sodium molybdate Molybdic oxide
% Mo 30-41 47
Liming Materials Materials CaO
Name Calcium oxide or burned quick lime
Neutralizing Value 179
Ca(OH)2
Calcium hydroxide, slake lime, hydrated lime or builders lime
CaMg(CO3)2
Dolomitic lime
85-109
CaCO3
Calcitic lime
85-100
CaO + Impurities*
Basic slag (depending on source)
25-70
*May contain magnesium, manganese, iron and phosphorus
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Analysis of Some Materials that Supply Calcium, Magnesium and Sulfur
Material Magnesium Sulfate (Epsom salts) Calcium Sulfate (Gypsum) Sulfate of PotashMagnesia Superphosphate (Normal) Superphosphate (Concentrated) Ammonium Sulfate Potassium Sulfate Elemental Sulfur Ammonium Phosphate Ammonium Phosphate (Sulfate) Manganese Sulfate Ammonium thiosulfate Calcium Nitrate Nitrogen Solution (25-S) Nitrogen Solution (28-S)
N
Average Percent K2O Ca
P 2O5
Mg 9.7
S 13
11.2
17 22.7
22.3 18-22 18-20 30-50
20.4 16.0
21
21-23 17-18 50-99 2.2 15.4
48-51 11 16
12-14 1.4
48 20
14-17 26
12 15.5 25 28
20 3.5 3.5
Conversion of Pounds Per Acre to Smaller Areas Lime or Fertilizer lb per acre 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 1,900
Pounds per 100 sq ft
Pounds per 1000 sq ft
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
1 acre = 43,560 square feet 1 pint = approximately one pound of fertilizer
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Pounds per 100 ft of Row 3-foot width 3.0 4.5 6.0 7.5 9.5 10.5 12.0 13.5 15.0
CROP CODE INDEX, NUMERICAL
Code
Crop
Code
Crop
000
No recommendations given; for diagnostic purposes and pine trees Cotton Soybeans Annual Legume on summer grass pasture Annual Legume on winter grass pasture Annual Legumes (arrowleaf, yuchi, crimson, etc.) Peanut Lespedeza, Common Lespedeza, Sericea Kiwi Pumpkins Shrubs* Perennial Flowers* Annual flowers* Roses* Trees, Ornamental and Shade* Soybeans with sorghum for silage Corn, grain Corn (in rotation before peanuts or soybeans Corn - Irrigated Corn for Silage Grain Sorghum for Silage Grain Sorghum for Grain Sweet Sorghum Sugarcane Sunflowers Small Grain, for grain Small Grain (in rotation before peanuts or soybeans) Fescue, Cool Season Perennial Pasture Orchardgrass, Cool-Season Perennial Pasture Bahiagrass Pasture Bermudagrass Pasture Bermudagrass, Establishing Bahiagrass for Hay Bermuda for Hay (and coastal bermuda) Grass-Clover Pasture (cool season perennial grass) Temporary Annual Grazing, Winter Temporary Annual Grazing, Summer Athletic Fields Golf Fairway Bentgrass Golf Green Bermudagrass Golf Green/Tee
044 045 046 047 048
Cool-Season Grass Maintenance* Roadside Turf Establishment Roadside Turf Maintenance Turf Establishment* Zoysiagrass and Other Warm Season Turf Grass Maintenance* Greenhouse Crops, Inorganic Soils Alfalfa Asparagus, Establishing Cantaloupes Cucumbers Lettuce Lima Beans Okra Snapbeans Squash Watermelons Beets Broccoli Cabbage Carrots Collards Eggplant Asparagus, Maintenance Onions, Green (Soil Code 1 or 2) Onions Pepper Pole Beans Spinach Greens Blackeyed Peas Southern Peas Strawberries Sweet Corn Sweet Potatoes Tomatoes (Piedmont) Tomatoes (Coastal Plains) Cauliflower Apples Pears Blueberries Grapes (Bunch or Muscadine) Nectarines Peaches Plums Pecans
001 004 005 006 007 008 010 011 013 014 015 016 017 017 018 019 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029 030 031 032 033 034 035 036 036 037 038 039 040 041 042 043
049 050 051 052 053 054 055 056 057 058 059 060 061 062 063 064 065 066 067 068 069 070 071 072 073 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080 081 082 084 085 086 087 088
* Indicates recommendations are for small areas rather than on an acre basis 76
Code
Crop
089 090
Home Orchards* Home Garden* -includes inorganic fertilization Home Garden* -includes organic fertilization Christmas Trees Carpetgrass* Centipedegrass* Irish Potatoes Azaleas* Camellias* Rhododendron* Tobacco, Low Profile Tobacco Bed Tobacco Grasses for Wildlife Legumes for Wildlife Grass/Legume Mixture for Wildlife Canola
091 092 093 094 095 096 096 096 097 098 099 101 102 103 104
Code
Crop
105 106 107 108 108 109 109 109 110 111 112
St. Augustinegrass Carpetgrass Centipedegrass Annual Flowers Roses Azaleas Camellias Rhododendron Perennial Flowers Bentgrass Golf Green* Cool-Season Turf Grass Maintenance Turf Establishment Zoysiagrass and Other WarmSeason Turf Grass Maintenance Shrubs Bermudagrass Golf Green or Tee* St. Augustinegrass*
113 114 117 118 119
* Indicates recommendations are for small areas rather than on an acre basis
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CROP CODE INDEX, ALPHABETICAL
Crop
Code
Page
Alfalfa ................................................................................. 50...............29 Annual Flowers ................................................................. 108............... 50 Annual Flowers* ................................................................. 17...............59 Annual Legume on Summer Grass Pasture .......................... 5............... 29 Annual Legume on Winter Grass Pasture ............................. 6............... 30 Annual Legumes (arrowleaf, yuchi, crimson, etc.) ............... 7............... 29 Apples ................................................................................. 80...............47 Asparagus, Establishing ...................................................... 51...............40 Asparagus, Maintenance ..................................................... 66...............40 Athletic Fields ..................................................................... 40...............51 Azaleas .............................................................................. 109............... 50 Azaleas* .............................................................................. 96...............60 Bahiagrass for Hay.............................................................. 36...............31 Bahiagrass Pasture .............................................................. 33...............30 Beets.................................................................................... 60...............42 Bentgrass Golf Green.......................................................... 42...............52 Bentgrass Golf Green* ...................................................... 111............... 64 Bermuda for Hay (and coastal bermuda) ............................ 36...............30 Bermudagrass.................................................................... 114............... 54 Bermudagrass*.................................................................... 48...............69 Bermudagrass Golf Green or Tee*........................ ............ 118............... 65 Bermudagrass Golf Green/Tee............................................ 43............... 52 Bermudagrass Pasture ......................................................... 34...............30 Bermudagrass, Establishing ................................................ 35...............30 Blackeyed Peas.................................................................... 73...............44 Blueberries .......................................................................... 82...............47 Broccoli ............................................................................... 61...............42 Cabbage............................................................................... 62...............42 Camellias........................................................................... 109............... 50 Camellias*........................................................................... 96...............60 Canola ............................................................................... 104............... 31 Cantaloupes ......................................................................... 52...............41 Carpetgrass........................................................................ 106............... 52 Carpetgrass (Soil Groups 1 and 2)* .................................... 93...............66 Carpetgrass (Soil Groups 3 and 4)* .................................... 93...............67 Carrots ................................................................................. 63...............42 Cauliflower.......................................................................... 79...............42 Centipedegrass .................................................................. 107............... 52 Centipedegrass (Soil Groups 1 and 2)*............................... 94............... 66 Centipedegrass (Soil Groups 3 and 4)*............................... 94............... 67 Christmas Trees................................................................... 92...............51 Collards ............................................................................... 64...............43 Cool-Season Turf Grass Maintenance............................... 112............... 53 Cool-Season Turf Grass Maintenance*............................... 44............... 68 Corn, Grain.......................................................................... 20...............32 Corn in Rotation Before Peanuts or Soybeans.................... 21............... 32 Corn, Irrigated..................................................................... 22...............33 Corn for Silage .................................................................... 23...............33 Cotton.................................................................................... 1............... 34 * Indicates recommendations are for small areas rather than on an acre basis 78
Crop
Code
Page
Cucumbers........................................................................... 53............. 41 Eggplant .............................................................................. 65............. 42 Fescue, Cool Season Perennial Pasture............................... 31............. 34 Golf Fairway ....................................................................... 41............. 51 Grain Sorghum for Grain .................................................... 25............. 35 Grain Sorghum for Silage ................................................... 24............. 37 Grapes (Bunch or Muscadine) ............................................ 84............. 48 Grasses for Wildlife .......................................................... 103............. 55 Grass-Clover Pasture (cool season perennial grass) ........... 37............. 35 Grass/Legume Mixture for Wildlife............................. ..... 101............. 54 Greens ................................................................................. 72............. 42 Home Garden* - organic fertilization ................................. 91............. 61 Home Garden* - inorganic fertilization .............................. 90............. 61 Home Orchards* ................................................................. 89............. 62 Irish Potatoes....................................................................... 95............. 44 Kiwi Fruit............................................................................ 13............. 55 Legumes for Wildlife ........................................................ 102............. 56 Lespedeza, Common ........................................................... 10............. 35 Lespedeza, Sericea .............................................................. 11............. 35 Lettuce................................................................................. 54............. 41 Lima Beans.......................................................................... 55............. 41 Nectarines............................................................................ 85............. 48 Okra..................................................................................... 56............. 41 Onions ................................................................................. 68............. 43 Onions, Green (Soil Code 1 or 2)........................................ 67............. 44 Orchardgrass, Cool-Season Perennial Pasture .................... 32............. 34 Peaches................................................................................ 86............. 48 Peanuts .................................................................................. 8............. 36 Pears .................................................................................... 81............. 47 Pecans.................................................................................. 88............. 49 Peppers ................................................................................ 69............. 43 Perennial Flowers.............................................................. 110............. 50 Perennial Flowers*.............................................................. 16............. 60 Plums................................................................................... 87............. 48 Pole Beans........................................................................... 70............. 49 Pumpkins............................................................................. 14............. 48 Rhododendron................................................................... 109............. 50 Rhododendron*................................................................... 96............. 60 Roadside Turf Establishment .............................................. 45............. 54 Roadside Turf Maintenance ................................................ 46............. 53 Roses ................................................................................. 108............. 50 Roses* ................................................................................. 17............. 59 Shrubs................................................................................ 117............. 50 Shrubs*................................................................................ 15............. 60 Small Grain (in rotation before peanuts or soybeans)......... 30............. 37 Small Grain ......................................................................... 29............. 36 Snapbeans............................................................................ 57............. 41 Southern Peas...................................................................... 73............. 43 Soybeans ............................................................................... 4............. 38 Soybeans with Sorghum for Silage ..................................... 19............. 38 Spinach................................................................................ 71............. 42 Squash ................................................................................. 58............. 41 * Indicates recommendations are for small areas rather than on an acre basis 79
Crop
Code
Page
St. Augustinegrass (Soil Groups 1 and 2) ......................... 105............ 52 St. Augustinegrass (Soil Groups 3 and 4) ......................... 105............ 53 St. Augustinegrass (Soil Groups 1 and 2)* ....................... 119............ 66 St. Augustinegrass (Soil Groups 3 and 4)* ....................... 119............ 67 Strawberries........................ ................................................. 74............ 49 Sugarcane ............................................................................ 27............35 Sunflowers.......................... ................................................. 28............ 35 Sweet Corn.......................................................................... 75............45 Sweet Potatoes .................................................................... 76............45 Sweet Sorghum ................................................................... 26............35 Temporary Annual Grazing, Winter or Summer ................ 39............38 Tobacco ............................................................................... 99............39 Tobacco Bed........................................................................ 98............ 39 Tomatoes (Coastal Plains)......................... .......................... 78............ 46 Tomatoes (Piedmont) .......................................................... 77............46 Trees, Ornamental and Shade*.......................... .................. 18............ 63 Turf Establishment............................................................ 113............ 53 Turf Establishment* ............................................................ 47............ 70 Watermelons ....................................................................... 59............41 Zoysiagrass..................... ................................................... 114............ 54 Zoysiagrass*....................... ................................................. 48............ 70
* Indicates recommendations are for small areas rather than on an acre basis
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