Civil engineering interview questions
if only 1 slab of a floor get sagged, how could be it repaired? 2. if any footing gives the cube result, after 28 days less than 16 n/mm2 in spite of 20 n/mm2 what are the remedies ?
Answer
# 2.if it is a big footing we cannot remove and redo. so remove the top 200mm concret by chiping and use proper bonding agents and introduce few more rebars through the colomn and anchor them to the old footing and change the shape of the footing to t o a triangular shape with rebars and re concrete the top surface and additional care to be taken at the time of casting plinth beam it is better to redesign the plinth beam to take more load which the coloum will carry. Note. check the mix design and use skilled manpower while casting cubes at site. sit e. also place them in water immediately after removing from moulds (delay in this activity will also cause cube c ube failure) 2 2 reasons for saging.1) bad staging/supports. 2) bad design. any hw if it sagged it does noteffect the next slab casting we can cast the next one. as far as repairing of 1st slab is consern we should have a graphical representation of sag and find out the lowest level and highest level plot them and with the help of this date we can fix the t he floor level ilttle elevated than planned and the sagged area should be concreted (screed concret) with good mix as per site condition.
if only 1 slab of a floor get sagged, how could be it repaired? 2. if any footing gives the cube result, after 28 days less than 16 n/mm2 in spite of 20 n/mm2 what are the remedies ?
Answer
# 2.if it is a big footing we cannot remove and redo. so remove the top 200mm concret by chiping and use proper bonding agents and introduce few more rebars through the colomn and anchor them to the old footing and change the shape of the footing to t o a triangular shape with rebars and re concrete the top surface and additional care to be taken at the time of casting plinth beam it is better to redesign the plinth beam to take more load which the coloum will carry. Note. check the mix design and use skilled manpower while casting cubes at site. sit e. also place them in water immediately after removing from moulds (delay in this activity will also cause cube c ube failure) 2 2 reasons for saging.1) bad staging/supports. 2) bad design. any hw if it sagged it does noteffect the next slab casting we can cast the next one. as far as repairing of 1st slab is consern we should have a graphical representation of sag and find out the lowest level and highest level plot them and with the help of this date we can fix the t he floor level ilttle elevated than planned and the sagged area should be concreted (screed concret) with good mix as per site condition.
If on-site slump test fails, should engineers allow the contractor to continue the concreting works? The first school of thought is rather straightforward: the contractor fails to comply with contractual requirements and therefore as per G. C. C. Clause 54 (2)(c) the engineer could order suspension of the Works. Under the conditions of G. C. C. Clause 54(2)(a) – (d), the contractor is not entitled to any claims of cost which is the main concern for most engineers. This is the contractual power given to the Engineer in case of any failure in tests required Engr. Salman Ali Syed Saudi Electricity Company by the contract, even though some engineers argue that slump tests are not as important as Other tests like compression test. The second school of thought is to let the contractor to continue their concreting works and Later on request the contractor to prove that the finished works comply with other contractual requirements e.g. compression test. This is based upon the belief that workability is mainly required to achieve design concrete compression strength. In case the compression test also fails, the contractor should demolish and reconstruct the works accordingly. In fact, this is a rather passive way of treating construction works and is not recommended because of the following reasons:
If on-site slump test fails, should engineers allow the contractor to continue the concreting works?
(i) Workability of freshly placed concrete is related not only to strength but also to durability of concrete. Even if the future compression test passes, failing in slump test indicates that it may have adverse impact to durability of completed concrete structures. (ii) In case the compression test fails, the contractor has to deploy extra time and resources to remove the work and reconstruct them once again and this slows down the progress of works significantly. Hence, in view of such likely probability of occurrence, why shouldn’t the Engineer exercise his power to stop the contractor and save these extra time and cost?
WHY WE PROVIDE EXTRA BAR & DEVELOPEMENT LENGTH AT TOP?
4.ON WHAT BASIS PARTIAL FACTOR OF SAFETY ARE DECIDE?FROM THE LOAD COMBINATION? 5. 6.FULL FORM OF SPT & SMB? 7.WHAT IS MEANT BY ITP IN A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT? 8.WHAT IS LEAST COUNT OF THEODOLITE SURVEY? 9.WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF FAILURE OF FOUNDATIONS AND REMEDIAL MEASURES? 10.WHAT ARE THE VALUES OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH? 11.STEEL CALCULATION FOR FOOTING,BEAM & SLAB? 12.WHAT IS MEANT BY GANTRY GIRDER? 13.IN SITE HOW WE CAN IDENTIFY THE ONE WAY, TWO WAY SLAB? 14.DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ANCHORAGE LENGTH & DEVELOPEMENT LENGTH? 15.BEARING CAPACITY OF STEEL SHUTTERING?LOAD CARRYING FOR SHUTTERING? Answer
# 1 Nominal mix is the some ratio are fixed by Is code india. and design mixed is the ratio fixed by considering avilable material, strength and enviornment. 2.Structural design means design a structure ( means skeleton of a body ) of thing 3.spt- standard penetration text Least count of theodolite is 0 degree 0 min 5"( second) Nominal mix are as just specified in is codes. Design mix ratio is fixed by considering the load of the structure and the quality of materials .nominal mix eg:M10 to M25 Design Mix eg: M30 onwards 2.structural design mean the details of reinforcement and the mix of concreting 5. some time we have to provide extra bars as per the design for carrying the load .Generally in simply supported beam at mid span it is provided on the bottom and end at top
IN STAAD WHY WE RELEASE MOMENT TO A MEMBER?
Method of findingthe dry ingredient quantity of 1 m3 concrete. Answer
# 6 volume of concrete considering 1m3 ration 1:2:4 1+2+4= 7 cement 1/7+40%(compaction)+5%(waste) 0.142+0.0572+0.00715=0.20735m3 density of cement = 1440kg/cm3 1m3 of cement = 1440kg/cm3 xm3 contains 50kg = 50/1440 = 0.035m3 no of bags of cement =0.20735/0.035= 5.92bags Sand 2/7 + 40% + 5% 0286 + 0.1144 + 0.143=0.4147m3 3.33m3 of lorry = 5cubic yard no of load = 0.414/3.33 =0.125load/m3 Granite 4/7 + 40 + 5 0.572 + 0.229 + 0.0286 = 0.8296m3 3.33m3 of lorry = 5cubic yard no of load = 0.8296/3.33 =0.25load/m3 cements = 6bags Sand = 0.125load/m3 Granite = 0.250load/m3
Method of findingthe dry ingredient quantity of 1 m3 concrete. Answer
# 4 Estimating Quantities of material needed. 1. Calculate the volume of concrete needed. 2. Estimate the total volume of dry material by multiplying the required volume of concrete by 1.65 to get the total volume of dry loose material needed (this includes 10% extra to compensate for losses). 3. Add the numbers in the volumetric proportion that you will use to get a relative total. This will allow you later to compute fractions of the total needed for each ingredient. (i.e. 1:2:4 = 7). 4. Determine the required volume of cement, sand and gravel by multiplying the total volume of dry material (Step 2) by each components fraction of the total mix volume (Step 3) i.e. the total amount cement needed = volume of dry materials * 1/7. 5. Calculate the number of bags of concrete by dividing the required volume of cement by the unit volume per bag of cement (0.0332 m3 per 50 kg bag of cement or 1 ft3 per 94 lb bag). For example, for a 2 m x 2 m x 10 cm thick pump pad: 1. Required volume of concrete = 0.40 m3 2. Estimated volume of dry material = 0.4 x 1.65 = 0.66 m3 3. Mix totals = 1+2+4 = 7 (1:2:4 cement:sand:gravel) 4. Ingredient Volumes: 0.66 x 1/7 = .094 m3 cement 0.66 x 2/7 = .188 m3 sand 0.66 x 4/7 = .378 m3 gravel 5. # Bags of cement: 0.094 m3 cement / .0332 m3 per 50 Kg bag = 2.83 bags of cement (use three bags) soppose, concrete mix ratio = 1:1.5:3 then, sum = 1+1.5+3 = 5.5 as we know,dry material required for 1 cum. of concrete = 1.54 cum. then we can find -: (1) cement = 1*1.54/5.5 = .28 cum. or .28cum.* 28.8= 8.06 bags. (2) sand = 1.5* 1.54/5.5 = .42 cum. or .42cum.* 35.3 = 14.83 cubic feet. (3) coase aggregate = 3* 1.54/5.5 = .84 cum. or .84 cum.* 35.3 = 29.65 cubic feet. so, dry ingredient quantity required for 1 m3 of concrete-: cement = 8.06 bags. sand = 14.83 cft. coarse aggregate = 29.65 cft. do not forget to add 5 to 8 % addition matreial.
bridge design Answer
# 1 bridge design..first we have to make the general layout of a span of a bridge.then cross beams and longitudinal beams are placed at suitable spacing and their size is also assumed. steps 1.calculate clear span and dead loads like due to slab and wearing coat 2.calculate bending moments. 3.using pigeadus curve calculate moments 4.load dispersion due to wheel of train is calculated. class A or class AA is used.now a daya class A IS commonly used. 5.live load moments calculated. 6.check for shear is also done First we study about the location, catchment area and preliminay survey after that if necessay to provide the bridge. we go to soil investigation and study the report, afterthat design.
during earth quake base shear force=a/w*g Comment? Answer
# 2 Generally earthquakes occur only when there is a gap or vaccum between 2 layers underneath.there are many reasons for a earth quake to occur, but here in this case we take in reason told above.'a' stands for the area under which the vaccum occurs,and 'w' stands for the weight of the part under which vaccum is created, and that part is pulled by earth's gravity,so the base shear force is (area/weight of the part)multiplied by the gravity of the earth(9.8).
In case of a beam ,main steel is provided along the longer span because, bending moment is directly proportional to length but why in case of one way slab main steel is provided along shorter span while as bending takes place along longer span?comment Answer
# 4 BECAUSE IN CASE OF ONE WAY SLAB THE LOAD IS TRANSFERED THROUGH THE SHORTER SPAN ONLY. AND IT IS POSSIBLE TO DESIGN IT (MAI STEEL) ALONG LONGER SPANS TOO BUT THE STEEL REQUIREMENT WILL BE MORE AND HENCE IT WILL NOT BE VIABLE SOLUTION.9THIS IS THE MAIN REASON.
In case of a beam ,main steel is provided along the longer span because, bending moment is directly proportional to length but why in case of one way slab main steel is provided along shorter span while as bending takes place along longer span?comment Answer
# 5 beam is design considering 1m widh .in case of one way slab ,due to the compression in concrete above the neutral axis it expand and contract tension zone below axis.so the shape of the slab do not remaining rectangular but becomes trapezoidal.so in order keep it remain rectangular the remaining concrete develop stress in opposite direction due to which a secondary moment is induced in the slab(negative moment)so the reinforcement is done along shorter span. Is This Answer Correct ? 1 Yes 0 No 0
Aman Kumar Gupta
General questions 1.Introduce yourself? 2. What are your career preferences? 3. How much salary you are expecting? 4. What is your plan regarding continuing your education? 5. Tell us about your hobbies? 6. What are your strengths & weaknesses? 7. Are you ready to work in a team? 8. Can you work in stress? 9. What good things you liked in your ex boss? 10. How do you feel working on weekend? 11. Define success?
Hobbies I just love reading books.. .. Am fond of reading fiction books.. I also love collecting quotes…. I have collected a lot
of them since childhood..
12. How good your communication is? 13. Where do you see yourself in next 2 years? 14. You like trying new things or stay with old ones? 15. Why you have applied for this position? 16. Tell us about your family? 17. Areas where you can revamp your skills? 18. What if you are not selected for this position? 19. What makes you feel that you are the best candidate for this position? 20. What you preferred, money or work? 21. Tell us about your subjects? 23. What is your greatest strength? 24. What are you looking for in a job?
25.What kind of person would you refuse to work with?? 26. What is more important to you: the money or the work? 27. Tell me about your ability to work under pressure. 28. Do your skills match this job or another job more closely? 29. What motivates you to do your best on the job? 30. Describe your management style. 31. How do you propose to compensate for your lack of experience? 32. Describe your work ethic. 33.What qualities do you look for in a boss? 34.What position do you prefer on a team working on a project? 35. Do you have any questions for me?
What kind of person would you refuse to work with??
Ppl who have the habit of postponing the work…..i like to work with sincere ppl and who show some interested in not just completing the work but giving their best to the work..
General Questions for All Engineers Q: Describe yourself. Q: Tell me about your educational background? Q: What do you know about the organization? Q: How would you do justice to the job? Q: What are your weaknesses? Q: What are your salary expectations for this job? Q: What are the projects you have ever undertaken? Q: What do you do in leisure? Q: Do you want to ask anything from us? Q: What are your hobbies? Q: Why do you want to go into this field? Q: Describe one of the technical problems you had to solve. Q: How would you develop yourself in this type of Structural Engineer role?
Q: Do you have any experience in developing technical specifications? Q: What are the differences between vector and array? Q: What experience have you had in writing technical materials? Q: What is the thing you dislike the most in the world? Why? Q: What does success mean to you? Q: How do you define failure? Q: How do you define arrogance? Are you arrogant? Q: What role are you ready to take in a group? Q: Who has been an inspiration for you? Q: What is more important to you, money or success? Q: What were some of your most important engineering achievements? Q: Can you name some engineers that you knew or worked with? Q: Can you describe how engineering generally has changed during your lifetime? Q: Why do you want this job? Q: Why do you want to work with this organization? Q: Where do you see yourself five years down the line? Q: What are your strengths? Q: How do you pursue your hobbies?
Q: What has been your greatest achievement? Q: What has been your greatest failure? Q: How do you take challenges? Q: Are you willing to work in shifts? Q: What is the thing you like the most in the world? Why? Q: What kind of person are you? Q: Rate yourself on a scale of 10. Q: Why did you choose _________ as your major/subjects? Q: Are you willing to travel? Q: Why are you leaving the organization you work for? Q: How much time do you need to join the organization?
Q: Are you aggressive? Q: What makes you a good manager? Q: What motivates you the most? Q: What skills and abilities do you have? Q: Is there anything you want to ask? Q: Design a four-input NAND gate using only twoinput NAND gates. Q: What experience have you had in working with field forces? Q: Tell us about your experience with computer-aided design software. Q: Where were your early contributions in your engineering work — planning, design, construction, operation, writing, teaching, and research?
General Questions for Civil Engineers Q: According to you, what is the best design for building bridges? Q: What are all the new civil construction materials and concepts? Q: What is softsoil? Q: Explain your project management? Q: What are the CAD software versions you have used? Q: What are some of the different ways to lay a foundation? Q: Why is a manhole round? Q: What is earth?
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How to increase bearing capacity of soil? What is the design mix of M5? Define Orientation of building? What causes cracks in a building? What is the lasting solution to stop the cracks. the cracks show on the beam and block wall ? What is the best book for building construction? What is mean by super structure? What is the differance between wind and earthquake spectrum? what are all the new civil construction materials?what is the new concepts? Do you have Structural design experience? Demonstrated work experience with Interior Design and/or Architectural Firms? Are you comfortable with formal design concepts in the home furnishings area? How did you reach your thesis design concept? What is the best design for building bridges? What is the minimum distance allowed between a building and a parking lot area ? Does the size of the structure or lot size need to be taken into account?
