Changes - Chord-Scale Reference Manual

Changes Chord/Scale Reference Manual By Larry Ross Norred, ASCAP

Spell Chords and Chord Scales in Any Key Major Chords Minor Chords Dominant Chords

Spell Advanced Scales and Modes in Any Key 54 Common Tone Chord Substitutions for Any Melody Note Frequently Asked Questions Contact Larry at: [email protected] [email protected]

Copyright © 2004 Larry Ross Norred International Copyright Secured Made in the U.S.A. All Rights Reserved

Major Chord Scales Chord Symbol Major Triad (add9) sus2 sus 4 5 (no3rd) (b5) + or aug. 6/9 ma7(b5) ma9(#11) ma7 ma9 ma13 ma7+ ma9+ ma13(#11) II/I (D/C)

Chord 2nd 3rd (3)=3rd Optional Scale Scale Choice Scale Choice Scale Degrees Page No. Degrees Page No. Degrees Page No. 1-2-3-4-5-6-7 66 1-2-3-#4-5-6-7 100 1-2-3-4-5-#5-6-7 6 7 1-2-3-4-5-6-7 66 1-2-3-#4-5-6-7 100 1-2-3-4-5-#5-6-7 8 1-2-(3)-4-5-6-7 88 2-4-5-6-1 9 1-2-(3)-4-5-6-7 88 2-4-5-6-1 10 1-b2-b3-4-b5-b6-b7-7 69 1-b2-b3-4-b5-b6-b7 77 1-b2-b3-b4-b5-b6-b7 11 1-2-(3)-4-5-6-7 88 2-4-5-6-1 12 1-2-3-4-b5-6-7 89 7-2-3-#4-6 92 7-1-3-#4-6 13 1-2-3-4-#5-6-7 78 1-#2-3-5-#5-7 105 1-2-3-#4-#5-#6 14 1-2-3-4-5-6-7 66 1-2-3-#4-5-6-7 100 1-2-3-4-5-#5-6-7 15 1-2-3-#4-5-6-7 89 7-2-3-#4-6 92 7-1-3-#4-6 16 1-2-3-#4-5-6-7 89 7-2-3-#4-6 92 7-1-3-#4-6 17 1-2-3-#4-5-6-7 80 1-2-3-4-5-6-7 100 1-2-3-4-5-#5-6-7 18 1-2-3-#4-5-6-7 80 1-2-3-4-5-6-7 100 1-2-3-4-5-#5-6-7 19 1-2-3-#4-5-6-7 80 1-2-3-4-5-6-7 100 1-2-3-4-5-#5-6-7 20 1-2-3-4-#5-6-7 78 1-#2-3-5-#5-7 100 1-2-3-4-5-#5-6-7 21 1-2-3-4-#5-6-7 73 1-2-3-#4-#5-6-7 100 1-2-3-4-5-#5-6-7 22 1-2-3-#4-5-6-7 89 7-2-3-#4-6 92 7-1-3-#4-6 123 1-2-3-#4-5-6-7 89 7-2-3-#4-6 92 7-1-3-#4-6

Minor Chord Scales Chord Chord Scale Symbol Page No. Minor Triad 23 mi(add9) 24 mi6/9 25 o7 (dim.) 26 mi7(b5) 27 mi7 28 mi9 29 mi11 30 mi13 31 mi(ma7) 32 mi9(ma7) 33 ii7/V (Gmi7/C) 34 mi7(b9) 35

Scale Degrees 1-2-b3-4-5-6-b7 1-2-b3-4-5-6-b7 1-2-b3-4-5-6-b7 1-2-b3-4-#4-#5-6-7 1-b2-b3-4-b5-b6-b7 1-2-b3-4-5-6-b7 1-2-b3-4-5-6-b7 1-2-b3-4-5-6-b7 1-2-b3-4-5-6-b7 1-2-b3-4-5-6-7 1-2-b3-4-5-6-7 1-2-3-4-5-6-b7 1-b2-b3-4-5-6-b7

Copyright ©2001 Larry Ross Norred

2nd Choice Page No. 82 82 82 72 76 101 101 101 101 81 81 90 65

Scale Degrees 1-2-b3-4-5-6-7 1-2-b3-4-5-6-7 1-2-b3-4-5-6-7 1-2-b3-#4-5-6-7 1-2-b3-4-b5-b6-b7 1-2-b3-3-4-5-6-b7 1-2-b3-3-4-5-6-b7 1-2-b3-3-4-5-6-b7 1-2-b3-3-4-5-6-b7 1--2-b3-4-5-b6-7 1--2-b3-4-5-b6-7 1-2-4-5-b7 1-b2-b3-4-5-b6-b7

3rd Choice Scale Page No. Degrees 87 1-b3-4-5-b7 87 1-b3-4-5-b7 87 1-b3-4-5-b7 106 1-2-b3-4-#4-#5-6-7 69 1-b2-b3-4-b5-b6-b7 87 1-b3-4-5-b7 87 1-b3-4-5-b7 87 1-b3-4-5-b7 87 1-b3-4-5-b7

70

1-b2-b3-4-5-6-b7

2

Dominant Chord Scales Chord Chord Scale Symbol Page No. 7 36 7sus 37 9 38 9sus 39 11 40 13 41 IV/V (F/G) 42 7(b5) 43 9(b5) 44 ii7/V (Gmi7/C) 45 9(#11) 46 13(#11) 47 7(b9) 48 11(b9) 49 13(b9) 50 7(#9) 51 13(#9) 52 7(#9b9) 53 7(b9b5) 54 7+ 55 9+ 56 7+(#9) 57 7+(b9) 58 13(#11b9) 59 alt 60 7sus(b9) 61 phryg 62

Scale Degrees 1-2-3-4-5-6-b7 1-2-3-4-5-6-b7 1-2-3-4-5-6-b7 1-2-3-4-5-6-b7 1-2-3-4-5-6-b7 1-2-3-4-5-6-b7 1-2-3-4-5-6-b7 1-2-3-4-b5-6-b7 1-2-3-4-b5-6-b7 1-2-3-4-5-6-b7 1-2-3-#4-5-6-b7 1-2-3-#4-5-6-b7 1-b2-3-4-5-6-b7 1-b2-3-4-5-6-b7 1-b2-3-4-5-6-b7 1-#2-3-4-5-6-b7 1-#2-3-4-5-6-b7 1-b2-b3-4-5-6-b7 1-b2-3-4-b5-6-b7 1-2-3-4-#5-6-b7 1-2-3-4-#5-6-b7 1-#2-3-4-#5-6-b7 1-b2-3-4-#5-6-b7 1-b2-3-#4-5-6-b7 1-b2-3-4-b5-6-b7 1-b2-3-4-5-6-b7 1-b2-b3-4-5-b6-b7


2nd Choice Page No. 74 90 74 90 74 74 90 74 74 90 105 105 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 105 105 77 77 77 77 70 70

Scale Degrees 1-2-3-#4-5-6-b7 1-2-4-5-b7 1-2-3-#4-5-6-b7 1-2-4-5-b7 1-2-3-#4-5-6-b7 1-2-3-#4-5-6-b7 1-2-4-5-b7 1-2-3-#4-5-6-b7 1-2-3-#4-5-6-b7 1-2-4-5-b7 1-2-3-#4-#5-#6 1-2-3-#4-#5-#6 1-b2-b3-b4-b5-b6-b7 1-b2-b3-b4-b5-b6-b7 1-b2-b3-b4-b5-b6-b7 1-b2-b3-b4-b5-b6-b7 1-b2-b3-b4-b5-b6-b7 1-b2-b3-b4-b5-b6-b7 1-b2-b3-b4-b5-b6-b7 1-2-3-#4-#5-#6 1-2-3-#4-#5-#6 1-b2-b3-b4-b5-b6-b7 1-b2-b3-b4-b5-b6-b7 1-b2-b3-b4-b5-b6-b7 1-b2-b3-b4-b5-b6-b7 1-b2-b3-4-5-6-b7 1-b2-b3-4-5-6-b7

3rd Choice Page No. 102

Scale Degrees 1-2-3-4-5-6-b7-7

102

1-2-3-4-5-6-b7-7

102 102

1-2-3-4-5-6-b7-7 1-2-3-4-5-6-b7-7

105 105

1-2-3-#4-#5-#6 1-2-3-#4-#5-#6

96 96 107 107 107 96 96 107 107

1-b3-4-#4--5-b7 1-b3-4-#4--5-b7 1-b2-b3-3-#4-5-6-b7 1-b2-b3-3-#4-5-6-b7 1-b2-b3-3-#4-5-6-b7 1-b3-4-#4--5-b7 1-b3-4-#4--5-b7 1-b2-b3-3-#4-5-6-b7 1-b2-b3-3-#4-5-6-b7

105

1-2-3-#4-#5-#6

65 71

1-b2-b3-4-5-b6-b7 1-b2-3-4-5-b6-b7

3

Advanced Scales Scale Name

Typical Usage

Page

Scale Degrees

major triad mi7 mi7(b9) ma7 7 (dom.7th) mi7 mi7(b5)

63 64 65 66 67 68 69

1-2-3-4-5-6-7 1 - 2 - b3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - b7 1 - b2 - b3 - 4 - 5 - b6 - b7 1 - 2 - 3 - #4 - 5 - 6 - 7 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - b7 1 - 2 - b3 - 4 - 5 - b6 - b7 1 - b2 - b3 - 4 - b5 - b6 - b7

7sus(b9) 7(b9) o7 (dim.7th) ma7+ 7(b5) 7+ mi7(b5) 7(b9b5) ma7+ ma7+

70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79

1 - b2 - b3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - b7 1 - b2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - b6 - b7 1 - 2 - b3 - #4 - 5 - 6 - 7 1 - 2 - 3 - #4 - #5 - 6 - 7 1 - 2 - 3 - #4 - 5 - 6 - b7 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - b6 - b7 1 - 2 - b3 - 4 - b5 - b6 - b7 1 - b2 - b3 - b4 - b5 - b6 - b7 1 - #2 - 3 - 5 - #5 - 7 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - b6 - 7

major triad mi(ma7) mi6 mi7 mi7 dom.V7 in minor

80 81 82 83 84 85

1-2-3-4-5-6-7 1 - 2 - b3 - 4 - 5 - b6 - 7 1 - 2 - b3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 1 - 2 - b3 - 4 - 5 - b6 - b7 1 - 2 - b3 - 4 - 5 - b6 - b7 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - b6 - b7

6/9 mi7 sus2 ma13(#11) ii7/V (Gmi7/C) mi7(b9) II/I (D/C) ma9(#11) mi7(b5) mi6

86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95

1-2-3-5-6 1 - b3 - 4 - 5 - b7 2-4-5-6-1 7 - 2 - 3 - #4 - 6 1 – 2 – 4 – 5 – b7 1 - b2 - 4 - 5 - b7 7 - 1 - 3 - #4 - 6 1 - 3 - #4 - 6 - 7 1 - b3 - 4 - b5 - b7 1 - 2 - b3 - 5 - 6

7(#9) or 9 7(#9) or 9 7(#9) or 9 ma7+ ma7 mi7 7 7(b9b5) 7+(#9b9)

96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104

1 - b3 - 4 - #4 - 5 - b7 1 - 2 - #2 - 3 - 5 - 6 1 - b3 - 4 - #4 - 5 - b7 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - b6 - 7 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - #5 - 6 - 7 1 - 2 - b3 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - b7 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - b7 - 7 1 - b2 - b3 - b4 - b5 - b6 - b7 1 - b2 - b3 - b4 - b5 - b6 - b7

7+ o (dim.triad) 7(#9) or 7(b9)

105 106 107

1 - 2 - 3 - #4 - #5 - #6 1 - 2 - b3 - 4 - #4 - #5 - 6 - 7 1 - b2 - b3 - 3 - #4 - 5 - 6 - b7

Traditional Modes IONIAN DORIAN PHRYGIAN LYDIAN MIXOLYDIAN AEOLIAN LOCRIAN

Special Modes PHRYGIAN #6 SPANISH PHRYGIAN LYDIAN DIMINISHED LYDIAN AUGMENTED LYDIAN DOMINANT MIXOLYDIAN b6 LOCRIAN #2 SUPER LOCRIAN AUGMENTED HINDU

Key Based Scales MAJOR HARMONIC MINOR ASCENDING MELODIC MINOR DESCENDING MELODIC MINOR NATURAL MINOR 5TH MODE MINOR

5-Note Scales MAJOR PENTATONIC MINOR PENTATONIC MINOR PENTATONIC ON THE 2ND MINOR PENTATONIC ON THE 7TH SUSPENDED PENTATONIC JAPANESE IN SEN IN SEN ON THE 7TH IN SEN - 2ND MODE IN SEN - 4TH MODE IN SEN - 5TH MODE

Synthetic or Derived Scales STANDARD BLUES MAJOR BLUES MINOR BLUES HARMONIC MAJOR MAJOR BEBOP MINOR BEBOP DOMINANT BEBOP ALTERED DIMINISHED WHOLE TONE

Symmetrical Scales WHOLE TONE WHOLE-HALF DIMINISHED HALF-WHOLE DIMINISHED


4

Common Tone Chord Substitutions Common Tone

*

Page

C

108

C#

109

Db

110

D

111

Eb

112

E

113

F

114

F#

115

Gb

116

G

117

Ab

118

A

119

Bb

120

B

121

Cb

122

* Each page displays 54 different chords that contain the common tone listed.

APPENDIX - A Frequently Asked Questions about how to use the Changes HANDBOOK

124

ORDER FORM for the Printed Version (three ring binder punched)

125


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Changes - Copyright © 2001 Larry Ross Norred

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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS How do I find the right notes to play against a mi7 chord? · · · ·

Turn to the Chord Scale Chart on page 2 or 3. Select one of the 54 chord types from the chart. Turn to the page indicated in the chord scale column to see the correct chord scale. Most chords have 2nd and 3rd choice scales indicated in their respective columns.

How do I find what notes are in any type of chord? · · ·

Turn to the Chord Scale Chart on page 2 or 3. Select one of the 54 chord types from the chart. Turn to the page indicated in the chord scale column to see the correct chord spelling.

How do I find what notes are in the Phrygian mode? · · ·

Turn to the Advanced Scale/Mode Chart on page 4. Select one of the 45 scale/mode types from the chart. Turn to the page indicated by the chart.

I need a different chord instead of a plain C7 under this melody note. What chords can I place under the “C” melody note? · · ·

Turn to the Chord Substitution Chart on page 5. Select one of the pitches from the chart. Turn to the page indicated by the chart and you will see 54 different Common Tone Chord substitutions for the pitch you chose to harmonize.

How can I use the Chord Substitute Speller when I’m working on a chart? When you run into a harmonically static spot that needs just the right set of changes to fill in the time, look on page 5 for the pitch you need to harmonize, then go to the page indicated by the chart. Try different chords until you find just the right one. The chords on the first line are not “preferred”, they just happen to fall on the first line. The chords are arranged in a random order to encourage you to try different solutions to each arranging problem.

How can I use the Chord Scale or the Advanced Scale Speller when I’m working on a chart? Use the charts to find what notes of the scale will reflect that chord or scale’s modality. When you need to write background figures during a solo or within the chart, you can be sure of the notes that will fit and maintain the sound of that chord or scale. Use those notes to create backgrounds.

How can I use the Changes as a Jazz Ensemble Teacher? · · ·

Use the Chord Scale Charts to work all the solos you have. Write out a blank lead sheet with chord symbols, then check the speller for each chord’s chord scale. You can choose a Mode for the whole passage and print off a worksheet for the student to practice in all keys. All the answers include the scales in both bass and treble clef. You can send harmonic rhythm players home with a Chord Substitution Sheet as necessary to encourage them to experiment with different chord voicings and types.


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ORDER FORM Mail a personal check or money order for $40 U.S. per copy for a 3-Ring punched copy of Changes for your library. Please allow 2 weeks for delivery. This format allows you to lay the book flat for use on a music stand/rack and makes it very easy to remove pages for easy copying for classroom use. Remember you may only copy pages from this book under the “fair use” provision of the U.S. Copyright law. Any wholesale copying and unauthorized duplication of this book is a violation of the law and we will take whatever remedy that the law will allow. I will ship it as soon as possible after your check has cleared. MAIL YOUR CHECK or MONEY ORDER TO:

LARRY NORRED 710 EAST SUNDANCE DRIVE PIGGOTT, AR 72454 If you would like to pay by using the PayPal online credit card processing program simply pay me at my web e-mail address [email protected] and I’ll send you the book immediately. YOUR ADDRESS: Name___________________________________________________________ Address_________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ City, State Zip ___________________________________________________ Quantity ________________________________________________________ Check Amount Enclosed__________________________________________ YOUR SHIPPING ADDRESS (if different from above) : Name___________________________________________________________ Address_________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ City, State Zip ___________________________________________________


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Changes - Chord-Scale Reference Manual

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